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Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educação & Realidade is the property of Revista Educacao & Realidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educação & Realidade is the property of Revista Educacao & Realidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguagem em (Dis)curso is the property of Revista Linguagem em (Dis)curso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Poiésis is the property of Revista Electronica Poiesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Enseñanza de las Ciencias is the property of Revista Electronica de Ensenanza de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RBPG. Revista Brasileira de Pós-Graduação is the property of Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HOLOS is the property of Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do norte - IFRN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to examine the contributions of research in Science Education and the nature of these contributions to enable the insertion of Quantum Physics in High School, we review scientific papers about the teaching of Quantum Physics at this level of education. Altogether twenty three papers were found in national and international journals. We created five categories to separate the papers according to their goals. Although it has been checked several kinds of contributions, we point to the need for further research in order to mainly support the Physics teacher in High School. After all, he is who can actually mediate the insertion of the Quantum Physics in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dialogia is the property of Editorial Revista Dialogia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educacao e Pesquisa is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación Física y Ciencia is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neste artigo, procura-se demonstrar que o processo de produção de um discurso curricular híbrido nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio tem por finalidade a inserção social no mundo produtivo. Tal finalidade limita a dimensão cultural da educação. Como exemplo da produção desse discurso híbrido, são analisadas as ambigüidades expressas pelo conceito de contextualização no conhecimento oficial. Essas ambigüidades são entendidas como ressignificando discursos curriculares acadêmicos. Defende-se neste artigo que tais ambigüidades são uma forma de se legitimar os parâmetros junto a diferentes grupos sociais. Tais idéias são desenvolvidas com base nos conceitos de recontextualização (Bernstein) e de hibridismo (Canclini).This paper aims at showing that the production of a hybrid curricular discourse in the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM Brazilian Curricular Parameters for Secondary Education) seeks a higher insertion into the productive world. Such purpose limits the cultural dimension of education. As an example of production of such a hybrid discourse, this paper analyses the ambiguities emerging from the concept of contextualization, as employed in the PCNEM. Drawing on Bernsteins's recontextualization and Canclini's hybridism, the text assumes such ambiguities both resignify academic curricular discourses and are a way to legitimate the PCNEM among different social groups.

Copyright of Educacao & Sociedade is the property of Centro de Estudos de Educacao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educacao & Sociedade is the property of Centro de Estudos de Educacao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Educação: Teoria e Prática is the property of Revista Educacao: Teoria e Practica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho focaliza a precariedade do financiamento do ensino médio público e a falta de transparência dos seus dados. Como outros níveis e modalidades da educação básica, o ensino médio é dependente do ensino fundamental e necessita de soluções não raro improvisadas para assegurar recursos. A expansão da matrícula levou ao agravamento deste quadro, o que se evidencia no caso do Distrito Federal, onde uma pesquisa traçou o perfil do seu financiamento e orçamentação. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de dados estatísticos agregados, análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados indicam a contribuição crescente do Tesouro do Distrito Federal para o ensino médio, constatando-se, em geral, grandes variações anuais de recursos e valores subestimados para esse nível de ensino. O PROMED, com suas dificuldades burocráticas, alcançou até então modesto impacto. Por isso mesmo, o FUNDEB exige estimativas claras e desagregadas das despesas e dos custos do ensino médio, de modo que o financiamento e os seus resultados possam ser conhecidos com transparência.Este trabajo trata de la precaridad del financiamiento de la educación secundaria pública, así como de la falta de transparencia de los números. Como otros niveles de la educación básica, la secundaria es financieramente dependiente de la educación primaria y, en consecuencia, necesita de soluciones improvisadas para garantizar sus recursos. La expansión de la matrícula agravó esta situación, lo que se evidencia en el caso del Distrito Federal. Una investigación describió y analisó sus procesos de financiamiento y elaboración del presupuesto. Además de las estadísticas disponibles, se obtuvieron los datos por análisis de documentos y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los resultados apuntan la creciente contribución de los recursos propios del Districto Federal para la educación secundaria. Se verificaron amplias variaciones anuales de recursos y subestimación contable de la plata para la educación secundaria. Un programa internacional tuvo escaso impacto, como consecuencia de su compleja burocracia. Como consecuencia, el nuevo fondo nacional de financiamiento para toda la educación básica requiere estimativas claras y detalladas de los gastos y de los costos de la educación secundaria. Este es el camino para que el financiamiento y los resultados sean conocidos con claridad.This paper focuses on the precarious financing of public secondary education and the need of clear, transparent data. As other levels of schooling, secondary education largely depends on primary education sources, often requiring improvised alternatives to assure resources. Enrollment expansion has led to more serious problems. A field research studied the financing and budgeting processes of public secondary education in the Federal District. Data were collected from statistical sources, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews. Results reveal the increasing contribution of the District own income, instead of the federal transfers. The amount of resources largely varied per year. Furthermore, secondary education expenditure data were systematically underestimated in accountancy. An international program had small impact, as a result of bureaucratic obstacles. Therefore, the new national fund to finance basic education requires clear and disaggregated estimates of spending and costs so that financing and results reach transparency.

Copyright of Educação & Realidade is the property of Revista Educacao & Realidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O artigo analisa as representações de alunos e professores do ensino médio, visando a conhecer motivações, perspectivas e necessidades, bem como as suas relações entre educação e trabalho. Os dados são analisados à luz das principais teorias "ortodoxas" e "heterodoxas" sobre as relações entre educação, ocupação e renda. O trabalho coteja duas pesquisas: a primeira enfocou docentes e discentes do ensino médio, modalidade educação de jovens e adultos, do maior estabelecimento de ensino do Distrito Federal; a segunda se realizou com os participantes do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio-ENEM em 2004. A primeira se baseou em amostra, enquanto a segunda se aplicou a todos os participantes do ENEM. Em ambos os casos, foram utilizados questionários para a coleta de dados. As conclusões indicam um fosso entre o ensino médio regular e a modalidade educação de jovens e adultos. No primeiro caso, o trabalho que freqüentemente retirou os alunos da escola os trouxe de volta a ela. Há, porém, evidências, de menor rigor para os alunos de segunda oportunidade. Na população do ENEM se incluem predominantemente os candidatos prospectivos à educação superior, em muitos casos com dificuldades de escolha profissional. Em ambos os casos, a visão da escola é majoritariamente positiva. Além disso, apesar de haver mais alto nível de escolaridade, a entrada dos jovens no mundo do trabalho tem se tornado crescentemente difícil e mais tardia, levando à conversão do ensino médio em ensino de massa. Os enfoques teóricos e os resultados empíricos sugerem a importância dos enfoques "heterodoxos", que destacam os conceitos de inflação educacional e credencialismo.Este trabajo analisa las representaciones de estudiantes y profesores de la educación secundária, con el objetivo de identificar sus motivaciones, perspectivas y necesidades. Los datos fueron analisados bajo la perspectiva de las principales teorías "ortodoxas" y "heterodoxas" sobre las relaciones entre educación, ocupación y renta.El estudio compara dos investigaciones: la primera sobre estudiantes y profesores de la mayor escuela de educación de adultos del Distrito Federal; la última sobre egresos de la educación secundaria regular, participantes del Exámen Nacional de Educación Secundária - 2004, de carácter optativo. Mientras la primera se realizó con un muestreo, la última fué universal. En los dos casos se utilizó un cuestionario como instrumento para la recogida de datos. Los resultados indican la existencia de un hiato entre las dos modalidades de educación, regular y dirigida para adultos. En el segundo caso, el trabajo, que frecuentemente fue el factor de la evasión escolar, fue la razón para la vuelta a la escuela. A su status más bajo correspondía una educación menos rigurosa y de algún modo paternalista. En el primer caso, la población incluyó predominantemente candidatos a la educación superior, en muchos casos con dificultades de seleccionar su curso y su ocupación. Ambas poblaciones tuvieran en la mayoría de los casos una visión positiva de sus escuelas. Apesar del acceso hoy a niveles de escolaridad más altos, el ingreso de los jóvenes al trabajo es cada vez más difícil y ocurre más tarde, lo que induce a la universalización de la educación secundaria. Las perspectivas teóricas, así como los resultados empíricos, sugieren la importancia de las perspectivas teóricas "heterodoxas", con especial énfasis a los conceptos de inflación educativa y credencialismo.This paper analyses the representations by secondary school students and teachers, aiming to identify their motivations, perspectives and needs, as well as relations between education and work. The data were analyzed on the basis of the main "orthodoxical" and "hetherodoxical" theories on the relations among education, occupation, and earnings. This work compares data from two research projects: 1) a survey of students and teachers at the largest adult education school in the Federal District; 2) a survey of all the students who voluntarily participated in the National Secondary Education Exam - 2004. The former was sampling-based, whereas the latter covered all the participants. In both cases data were collected by a questionnaire. Results indicate the existence of a social gap between regular secondary education and adult education at the same level. While the students of the latter often left the school as a result of the need to work, they re-started their education for meeting work demands. However, adult education is less severe and to some extent paternalist. The second population included youths mostly interested in higher education, often with difficulties to select a program related to an occupation. In both cases their vision on the school was predominantly positive. Furthermore, in spite of the average higher level of schooling, entry of youths into the world of work has been increasingly difficult and occurs latter. These are some factors that lead secondary education to reach progressive universalization. Theoretical approaches and empirical results suggest the importance of the "hetherodoxical" perspectives, with emphasis to the concepts of educational inflation and credentialism.