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New juridical needs linked to the National Health System (SUS) in Brazil during the pandemic forward significant cases for the analysis of the national public health during the period. Through urgency tutelages which demanded the transference of SARS-CoV-2 infected people to Intensive Care Therapy, current paper analyzes aspects of juridical decisions in the health area during the pandemic. Juridical demand and the deferment or not of demands are analytic sources to understand the state of the Brazilian health system couple to the usefulness of these decisions within the same context and to identify important aspects on the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an ex-post analysis of industrial and science, technology and innovation (sti) policies to the Health Industrial Complex, between 2003-2017 in Brazil, from the perspective of the public health value. We concluded that the intention to meet social health needs was present in the policies' design, however, the lack of objectivity and clarity in their definitions made it difficult to articulate the three fields of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrochemicals are chemical products used in agricultural and stock breeding programs. Since they are products which endanger the environment, they are regulated by specific norms. Brazil is one of the biggest agricultural and stock breeding producers with the highest rates of pesticides. The number of agrochemicals registered in Brazil has greatly increased during the last years, but regulating norms remained unaltered. Normative and policy changes occurred which made flexible registers and increased uses. Current paper analyzes present norms and verifies the occurrence of flexibilization by quality research with a review of the literature and documents. Results show that there was an increase in the number of registers and the employment of agrochemicals, many of which have been prohibited in Europe. Flexibilization occurred by political and economical decisions without taking into account issues of public health and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis is one of the waterborne diseases that strongly concern the health in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify, analyze, and describe the socioeconomic, environmental, and climatic factors that can be directly related to the increase of the leptospirosis cases. In addition, the present study carried out a temporal and spatial analysis to demonstrate the relationship between publications and cases-deaths in Brazil. By searching the databases of the CAPES and LILACS, we selected 43 papers that dealt with leptospirosis and flood in Brazil. Most of the evaluated papers related the occurrence of extreme hydrological events to the increase in the number of cases of leptospirosis. The others focused other factors such as waste accumulation, lack of urban drainage, working services, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a detailed analysis of how health information was shared and discussed on Twitter in terms of awareness and opinions during the 2017 Yellow Fever outbreak in Brazil. For this, the data mining approach with exploratory graph analysis was performed. As main results, Twitter activity peaks were identified compared to peaks of cases reported in some regions of the country, an analysis of hashtags linked to the main subject and different topics from the exploratory analysis of graphs such as vaccination campaign, feelings, prevention, rumors, other diseases linked to the same transmitter, among others. This study illustrates that social networks, such as Twitter, offer unique opportunities for participatory surveillance, which can assist in monitoring some aspects of public health and offer additional data to health managers on how people interact during an outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss how the public budget and the model of basic attention in public health could affect the infant mortality rates in a certain territory. The research was carried out in the Southern Coastal Territory of Bahia, in the State of Bahia, Northeast Region of Brazil. It is a quantitative and descriptive investigation, based on secondary data referring to the period from 2006 to 2015, collected between 2017 and 2018 in official Brazilian public data banks. It was verified that, although the average rate of infant mortality fell gradually from 2006 in the territory, it is still higher than the national average within the investigated period. In 2006, the average rate of the territory was 35.53% and decreased to 18.56% in 2015. However, throughout the period the average rate remained higher than the Brazilian average, which is 18%. Infant mortality rates have a strong relationship with social, economic, and environmental factors. In the case investigated, they are associated with the fragmentation and fragility of public health service networks in the municipalities of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to verify the impact of federal funding on actions to combat dengue in Brazil. The paper tests the hypothesis that an improvement in dengue epidemiological surveillance actions, a result of increased government funding, reduces reported cases of the disease in the municipalities. Methodologically, the work uses a diff-in-diff model and the evidence suggests that the dengue vector control program, through community-level epidemiological monitoring, is effective as a tool for to reduce the cases of the disease, also presents strong heterogeneity in the response between the regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper celebrates 25 years of the existence of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Through out the paper, one describes the political and institutional mechanisms from which SUS originated, as well as the transformations undergone in the past 25 years. The conquers obtained with the implantation of the system are specially highlighted, particularly those concerning access to health services gained by the population and health gains per se, once these are the ultimate objective of the system. Conversely, the difficulties that hinder the good functioning of SUS are also noted, mainly difficulties in access and financing. The paper points out that these two fundamental issues must be addressed in order for the system to become really equitable, as it proposes itself to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical museums, such as the monuments, have been understood as images the societies produce for the future. However, this concept of museums as maintainers and guardians of the memory of a community or a locality is been revised. The city of Londrina, even though fairly new, preserves by various means a praise of the memory of certain groups, called 'pioneers'. The challenging of such memorial practices and inclusion of new actors is quite controversial and costly. Thus, this paper aims to reflect on the representations of women in the language of the Historical Museum of Londrina. To this end, it is proposed to analyze a temporary exhibition placed in that Museum: "Caring, Healing, Remember - memory of the health in Londrina." Therefore, we will investigate what (s) language (s) the MHL aligns to and presents itself for the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, found in human microbiota, in certain circumstances may cause simple through serious infections, and is counted as the most virulent in its genus. Its enormous capacity of adaptation and resistance to majority of antimicrobials, place it among the most important group in nosocomial infections. The quantity of nosocomial infections is increasing every day, generating a treatment cost three times bigger than in patients without infection and is defined by Healthy Ministry as infections acquired after patient admission in the hospital and that manifest during internment or after discharge from hospital, when could be related to internment or nosocomial procedures. This paper is a bibliographic revision of last five years, based on main electronic libraries and databases of the world, about Staphylococcus aureus, with the purpose of update healthy professionals and identify the importance of its methicillin-resistant form in nosocomial infections. Human and financial costs and prevention steps against this agent were also approached, objectifying put in relief the necessity of developing of new antibiotics and investment in new researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Secretary of Health State of Minas Gerais, with the support of the Ministry of Health, have been making extensive effort to universalize the primary health care, given its strategic role in the formation the networks of the health care in the Unique Health System (SUS). Therefore, began to encourage the adoption of the Family Health Teams through of the "Program Structuring Health at Home". Associated with this program, was created the Master Plan of the Primary Health Care (PDAPS), whose goal it's provide an instrument to territorial planning and management of these service, qualifying them to fulfill the role as gateway of the network of the health in the SUS. The aim of this paper is discuss the territorial planning of the primary health care and the networks of the health care the SUS in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The hypothetical premise of the discussion is the existential interdependence between primary health care, networks and the territory. The methodology is based on a theoretical study and descriptive, on one side, and a theorical analysis and critical, of another. Therefore, have a dimension of discovery of the relationship between networks, territory and primary health care, on one side, and a dimension of note about the ways how this is being planned, of another. The results indicate improvements in the construction of networks in Minas Gerais, but there are also theoretical issues and methodological that needs to be addressed, especially on the forms of territorial definition of the services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a literature review this paper sought the types and causes of injuries more frequent in the elderly also addressing how care is delivered in health in the country to that specific group. In recent decade the elderly population has increased considerably, and consequently accidents with trauma has been growing significantly in this age group. Thus, it is necessary for health professionals to adopt preventive measures that can avoid the trauma and thus reduce morbidity and mortality among this population. The decline is greatest among the mechanisms of trauma in the elderly. Furthermore, the clinical picture and the recovery of these patients require special conditions, since they have different characteristics from other age groups, so greater knowledge and expertise of professionals who will act in compliance with this elderly population is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dermatophytes are a group of fungi that penetrate the stratum corneum invading the skin, hair and nails, using keratin as a substrate, causing infections in humans and animals known as dermatophytosis. It is a common occurrence these fungal infections in tropical countries, constituting a public health problem. A retrospective analysis of mycological tests on samples received in mycology section of the Biological Research Institute / Central Laboratory of the State / State Foundation for Production and Research in Health / Rio Grande do Sul (IPB - LACEN / FEPPS / RS), originating from health centers in Porto Alegre metropolitan areas and the state during the period 2007 to 2011. Statistical data were obtained using the software PASW Statistics 18, measures were used associations applying the Fisher exact test. Thus, this paper aims to contribute to the distribution of the most frequent etiological agents, is of great importance to investigate the prevalence of these cities in Rio Grande do Sul, in order to portray the epidemiological reality of dermatophytosis in the state, contributing to the realization of public health measures. Of the 6452 samples, 2342 were positive for dermatophytes. Among them T. rubrum was the most prevalent species (72.70%), followed by T. mentagrophytes (22.44%), M. gypseum (1.99%), M. canis (1.39%), E. floccosum (1.30%). Presenting a case for T. shoenleinii and a case for T. tonsurans (0.09%). The anatomical site were more infected toenails with 1,248 (53.23%) cases. Females were more affected. Through this study, we characterize the species of dermatophyte dermatophytosis more involved in our state, noting that the species Trichophyton rubrum is the most cosmopolitan of this fungal group, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Ephydermophyton floccosun, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. shoenleinii. M. canis was the most frequent species in samples of scalp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management processes of the Unified Health System (SUS) are supported by a set of information systems with national scope, having features for the epidemiological, ambulatory, hospital, and administrative areas. This article proposes a model for evaluating health information systems that may be applied to the systems of SUS. It describes the research, analysis, and classification process of evaluation indicators for the model. The indicators were obtained by search in bibliographic databases and they were classified according to the quality attributes of the standard ISO/IEC 25010, adopted as quality model in the study. As a result, 66 indicators were identified and mapped, covering all quality features of the model. This paper will be able to contribute as a further reference for studies involving quality assessment processes for softwares in health and to assist in the standardization of plans for assessing and monitoring the quality of systems and data on public health in Brazil and in projects for improving softwares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the historical background in which the current Brazilian Health Policy was drawn, telling both a literature survey conducted with authors who address the topic of Social Services and Mental Health and the relation of social work with respective area, among the authors discussed include Iamamoto (2002), Faleiros (2000), Vasconcelos (2010) and Bravo (2006). The work will take into account the major changes in the Brazilian reality from the 1930s to the period of great social mobilization that occurred in the 1980s, which resulted in the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, considered one of the greatest achievements of Brazilian society, the article will highlight the importance of this document for effective health policy of the country. Then far will a brief explanation of the insertion of the social worker in the area of Brazilian psychiatry and its participation in the first institutions dedicated to serving the mentally ill. Later we will describe on the Mental Health area, identifying key areas of work that rely on the work of this professional, which is driven by both the principles and guidelines of the National Health System as well as the principles of psychiatric reform, enhancing professional action and recognition in the field of health in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid disorders are a major public health problem and drug therapies to control them have high cost, due to the continued use. This paper describes the costs and demographic and epidemiological profiles of the patients treated by the Pharmaceutical Specialized Care of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System, from 2003 to 2006, and identifies the characteristics related to the individual average monthly expenses on drugs. We included in the historical cohort 67,142 individuals, and the results of descriptive and multivariate analyses indicated a high frequency of pure hypercholesterolemia in adult women and elderly residents in the Southeast, of higher use of simvastatin and atorvastatin and individual average monthly expenditure of approximately R$ 88,00. It was observed that increasing age led to lower spending; male patients were more likely to have higher expenditure; and atorvastatin was the drug that most increased expenditures. The epidemiological profile was consistent with the literature and individual spending was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care in Brazil is set as a unified system, running under a legal basis and protected by the Constitution. Health is positioned as a right of every citizen, and both models are defined with a view to the operation of services organized for this purpose. The first level in Brazil is called Basic Care, and its conceptual basis comes from the Primary Health Care (PHC). This paper aimed to understand and analyze how organized is the theoretical production of Public Health in Brazil about the social construction of health demand care in PHC, in order to create a reference to analyze it. The survey was conducted using the terms related to the initial problem: health care demand, basic health care and technical health care models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent debate on institutional change in the Brazilian public health system pays little attention to organizational innovation in Hospital Units (HUs). Calling upon the analytical framework proposed by Economic Analysis to investigate asymmetric information and innovation, this paper analyzes the connections among effectiveness of rules, routines and protocols, staff training, and service quality in HUs with the help of statistical analysis of Hospital Accreditation reports. The convenience sample consisted of ten reports containing perceived assessment data. As a theoretical contribution, the proposed model analyzes the dynamic relationship between organizational innovation, service quality and growth in HU and development of the market for healthcare services. Empirical findings show that the effect of organizational innovation in Referral Hospital Units is stronger than the effect of staff training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When referring to Public Health, literature points to the need for professionals who are able to work in different contexts. In this perspective, the theme of "competency" emerges from the administrative context for health in order to promote debates in the field of human resource development and training. This paper aims to present an overview of the Brazilian scene on professional skills in health for better understanding the construct at the national level and propose future research. The study used data from the Directory of Research Groups of the National Research Council (CNPq), the database of the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health (Health Research System), Bank of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and SciELO database. We observed inequality in the distribution of scientific researchers and little encouraged production. Thus greater efforts in the field of health management are necessary to build the theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, it is estimated that 1,443,350 abortions occur annually, leading thousands of women with incomplete abortion, to seek care in public health. In 2005, the Ministry of Health published the Technical Act for Humane Abortion in response to this challenge. This paper discusses whether the Act sets an evaluable program and proposes an evaluation model. The survey, conducted in 2010, is an evaluability study using techniques of document analysis and interviews with key informants. To validate the indicators, we applied the nominal group technique. The results were elaborated and agreed upon the logical model, the matrix of indicators and evaluative questions that reflect the pillars of care: care, quality clinical care with technical, ethical and legal, reproductive planning, integration with network health and collective women. We conclude that the humanized abortion is an assessable program with development of an evaluation model in a timely manner. The preassessment was suitable and better understood by managers and professionals. There was agreement about the explicitness and relevance of goals, actions, and resource needs, ethical questions to guide changes. The study has increased the knowledge of the actors involved with decisive participation of clinical direction. For subsequent evaluations, the study recommends focusing on the structure and processes of the five components of the program with prioritization of subjective aspects of humanization, infrastructure, and the prevalence of abortion in the public health service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chagas disease is a major public health problems because it is a parasitic cardiac edema that causes many deaths and suffering among the people. Even long after its discovery remains a problem in most of Latin America, mainly Brazil. The aim of this paper is to analyze how is the current situation of Chagas disease in Brazil. The treatment of Chagas disease remains partially ineffective, even with the constant effort that has been developed by various laboratories and researchers for its control. Any person infected by the disease should have access to medical care that can make the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory and indicate the necessary treatment. The main way to prevent infection of the disease is to combat the main foci of Chagas disease, because today there is still a specific vaccine to control this disease. The most used control in the country is through chemical control and improvement or replacement of residence in areas of risk. There currently are in Latin America, a prevalence of 11 million people infected and 10 million at risk of contracting the disease. Even today the major problem is controlling the disease, constituting a challenge to health authorities. In particular, overcoming the disease can be an important catalyst for the goal of Latin American unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in the necessary theoretical relationship between Humanization and Mental Health Policies of the Brazilian health system, this paper argues, through the theoretical dialogue between them, the idea that the proposals set forth in such policies are coherent answers to the main contradictions of the intricate national public health system. So are presented: the theoretical basis of the aforementioned ministerial policies; their relations with the society demanded as public policy; and finally, how the combination of both provide essential contributions to the continuity of the Unified Health System (SUS ). The essay methodology was used, according to updated methodological bibliography, listing authors and their contributions in order to defend the views of the authors. We conclude that the public encouragement of protagonizsm of society undermines the logic of biological training courses for health professionals and flattens human relations within the SUS , fortifying it and giving it essential reason for existence to the Brazilian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the relation between individual and collective autonomy and health promotion. In order to do so, it reviews the literature on the conceptual course of health promotion since the Ottawa Charter, emphasizing the amplification of autonomy as a guide for health promotion actions. It also highlights the importance of health promotion strategies in Brazil, which prioritize public policies in order to decrease social inequalities. In particular, Brazilian policies are addressed towards increasing individual and collective autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the conduct of the federal primary health care politics in Brazil in the 2000's, seeking to identify elements of continuity and change in the previous period. The research was based on the theoretical framework of historical institutionalism and the concept of path dependence. The methodology included a variety of strategies: literature review, document analysis, analysis of secondary databases, budget analysis and interviews with key stakeholders of the policy. It was possible to identify continuities and changes in the conduct of national policy for federal primary care during the study period. The predominance of continuities, emphasizing the persistence of the Family Health Program as a hegemonic strategy for reorientation of primary care in the country, creates a condition of path-dependence. There were also incremental changes, such as initiatives to strengthen inter-sectoral coordination and important innovations, notably the creation of the Centers for Family Health Support. There are, however, structural problems within primary care, and it is important to overcome them to enable the effective change in the health care model in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal mortality is a complex issue and remains a serious public health problem. This paper aims to look at this phenomenon from the perspective of the right to health, noting that the option for bringing the discussion to the field of human rights provided an extension of its explanation and a clearer presentation to society. It presents brief history of the insertion of this theme in the global policy agenda, exploring national and international initiatives. The current situation of maternal mortality in Brazil is just the most visible face of the precariousness of the health care of women. The situation worsens when cases of severe maternal morbidity are considered, which affects a significant number of women. Despite the initiatives for the realization of the right to safe motherhood, there are few advances, and society must require the State to reverse the injustice against women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to problematize the itinerancy as a way to operationalize care in the territory. With the creation of the Unified Health System, the notion of territory has become an organizing principle of work processes in primary health care and mental health policies. In the delicate field of coordination between these policies, itinerant practices now have a strategic importance in the deinstitutionalization of practices and construction of integral care. We take the deinstitutionalization and the integrality as conceptual operators that make the difference that Psychiatric and Health reforms want to print in the care practices. Warned that by joining in a posture of active search in the life territory of users, the itinerant practices fall in a field of tensions, which can both be called to work as a part of the State apparatus to population control, as in a strategic place for the construction of a contextualized care to users" way of life. We believe that it is possible to resist the social control mandate and build an ethics of care with itinerancy to explore the political power of the movement and transform the users' territory in a laboratory for the invention of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (or Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and results in reduced immunity, leaving affected individuals more susceptible to illness and opportunistic infections. As the disease progresses, structures within the central auditory system can be affected either by the direct action of the virus or as a consequence of secondary infections. Other areas of the auditory system may also be more vulnerable to pathology in people living with HIV or AIDS. Purpose: the goal of this review was exploratory, to identify possible points of intersection between auditory disorders and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This paper reports the results of a literature review on auditory disorders associated with HIV and AIDS and discusses the potential impact of ear pathologies among HIV/AIDS-infected populations. Conclusion: literature suggests several possible types of association between auditory disorders and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and that people with HIV/AIDS may require hearing care interventions. Health professionals, including those from the Brazilian public health system, should examine the need for hearing-related services among HIV/AIDS patients in order to reduce the impact of the disease on daily life activities and prevent insofar, further auditory deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of public health is a growing management need, especially in public hospitals. These organizations are complex because of the multiplicity of services and the high costs involved. So this paper evaluates a hospital in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, by the method of "cost-volume-surplus". The results show among other things, that the reduction of excess capacity from the increased number of patients from other cities would produce an increase in revenues due to economies of scale, providing the process of decentralization of SUS (micro-regionalization) with systemic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug safety profile is an important theme throughout the world. Recently, it has gained importance in the field of veterinary medicines. In Brazil, Ministry of Agriculture Law SDA 152/2008 submitted to the public consultation the draft of a National Program of Veterinary Pharmacovigilance. Taking into consideration the health risk to exposed human beings, the objectives of this paper are: characterization of veterinary pharmacovigilance and its usefulness for the Public Health, the description of established veterinary pharmacovigilance programs from the United States of America, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and the analysis of the Brazilian Program of veterinary pharmacovigilance draft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the links between access to justice and the effectiveness of one aspect of the right to health: access to medicines. It initially presents the challenges and difficulties in the conceptualization of health and right to health, and then analyzes individual lawsuits demanding medicines against public services, from June 2007 to July 2008, entered at Rio de Janeiro State Court of Appeals. It appears that the medical drug prescription, the economic conditions of the applicants and the urgency of access to medicines are the main factual basis of judicial sentences examined, which determine the supply of medicines as required by the authors. Finally, it concludes that the effectiveness of the right to health requires a set of policy and broader government actions, and not merely formal and restrictive court orders. The individual's claims cannot be considered as the main deliberative instrument in the management of pharmaceutical care in the Brazilian Health System, but accepted as an important element in the decision making of managers and, often, in the improvement of the access to medicines under National Health System. In the Brazilian democratic context, the judicialization can express demands and modes of action of citizens and legitimate institutions. Thus, the main challenge is to make policy and social strategies orchestrated with other mechanisms and instruments of democratic security, to improve health and justice systems in order to give effectiveness to the right to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a way to analyze the history of eating in São Paulo (Brazil) between 1920 and 1950. It addresses the relative absence of research on this topic for this period characterized by the rapid expansion of the city, which became a key market, an important regulator of consumption habits, and a meeting place for diverse social groups. An abundance of sources makes it possible to undertake a social history of eating. On the one hand, intellectuals of different backgrounds and interests produced a good deal of work on popular food habits. On the other, the article points to the possibility of using lifestyle studies and surveys on eating habits from this period in order to gain insight into the lives of different sectors of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Brazilian state policy for indigenous health based on the inquiry of the recent historical, political and managerial process that resulted in the creation, in 1991, of the National Health Foundation (Funasa). I t attempts to bring together two lines of thought triggered by the examination of the Funasa Museum collection and by interviews with Funasa employees. T he threads thus woven should make possible, on the one hand, (i) to trace a genealogy of the National Health Foundation, and, on the other, (ii) to highlight its role in setting the hurdles that prevent the consolidation of a political field of respect for diversity in indigenous health policy. T he paper, therefore, consists of an approach which aims at pulling together biographic narratives with institutional memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]