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This article aims to analyze the Turkish foreign policy towards the African continent in the 21st century. With the end of the Cold War and the world order centered on a bipolar logic, Turkey has had greater autonomy to manage its international relations, maintaining a more active foreign policy by expanding its economic, diplomatic, and security affairs beyond the West. In this context, under the leadership of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), the African continent has come to occupy an increasingly prominent place in Turkish foreign relations. Thus, since the early 2000s, there has been a substantial increase in Turkey's presence on the continent, characterized, among other aspects, by the intensification of bilateral trade flows, the expansion of the diplomatic network on the continent, its participation in the mediation of conflicts and the offer of humanitarian assistance to African actors. In this context, and based on the literature on Middle Powers and Regional Powers, this paper discusses the intensification of Turkey's ties with African countries since the beginning of the 21st century, comprehending it as part of a broader international projection strategy. To this end, the study adopts a hermeneutic approach, relying on the literature review on Turkish-African relations and the analysis, supported by quantitative data, of the developments of these relations in the political, economic, and security axes throughout the period in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the paper is to analyze the extent to which the decolonial perspective is reflected in the teaching and the research in the area of International Relations (IR) in Brazil. The first part is conceptual and discusses the meanings of Decoloniality and its interfaces with the area of IR. Then, the empirical analysis is presented. Documents, data and studies were used to analyze Brazilian undergraduate and graduate courses in this area. We found some initial advances with the inclusion of debates on Ethnic-Racial Relations in undergraduate courses, the constitution of research groups and the existence of some (few) doctoral theses on the subject. However, several significant challenges were found for Decoloniality to assert itself as a relevant axis in Brazilian IR studies. Among them, the small insertion of these contents on the (undergraduate) curriculum, the centrality of the state-centered theories, racism and institutional resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an alternative theoretical framework in order to understand the new nature of the capitalist world-economy and its corresponding international division of labor. It studies the meaning of BRICS by examining the once-held belief that the world was divided by a center, semi-periphery and periphery; it analyses the newly established divisions of intra-South and intra-North. These countries operate under various forms of capitalism, thus creating new power relations that work collectively from a geopolitical standpoint. Despite weak economic ties, with the exception of China, leaders of the brics are attempting to promote a reform within multilateral organizations and the G-20. The objective of this paper is to shed light on such challenges to this new strategy facing these countries, particularly from the perspective of Brazil's foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uno de los elementos de reflexión y debate del sistema político español se vincula con la composición, funciones y posición del Senado. La Constitución, en su artículo 69.1, lo define como la cámara de representación territorial; pero como consecuencia del principio dispositivo y el despliegue del modelo autonómico, la composición y las funciones del Senado distan mucho de ser las de una cámara de integración de las entidades territoriales, a pesar de lo cual mantiene elementos federalizantes. Uno de ellos es la existencia de senadores designados por las asambleas legislativas de las comunidades autónomas. El paper analiza y modeliza la configuración de los senadores autonómicos a partir de su regulación, los procedimientos para su elección y la posición institucional que se les otorga en las instituciones de autogobierno con la finalidad de comprender el potencial que tiene este tipo de representantes electos para mejorar la representatividad del sistema.

Sustainable economic management of protected areas constitutes a new research agenda in Brazil. Gaps are related to lack of systematized and updated data on the budgetary situation of the National System of Conservation Units. More than identifying or quantifying alternatives to the reduced budgetary or financial resources, more visibility concerning its institutional components is in order. This issue involves the effectiveness of the national project of territorial enlargement of the Brazilian protected areas, in the sense that each new hectaire protected 'in paper', represents an increased demand for resources-financial, material, and human-required for efficient management. Our analysis emphazises emphazises the institutional and operational gaps occurring as a result of receiving and applying such resources. As well, we provide analytical elements to improve our understanding of frequent institutional impasses in this process. Given our institutional perspective, the expansion of protected areas is seen as facing weak techno-bureaucratic structures unable to operate and consolidate effective financial alternatives. We hope this article contributes to ongoing research on the institutional requirements of sustainability in the national context of Latin America and the Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian Federation became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. This step determined the development of Russia’s judicial system for the coming several decades and made it possible for Russia’s national system of law to integrate into judicial landscape of Europe, thereby enabling Russia to uphold democratic values. The emergence of new legislation affected all branches of Russia’s system of law. But the experience of the two decades has demonstrated that such modernization can be effective only by way of dialogue rather than by simple copying and implementing international rules. An important role in this process was played by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (RF) that was founded in 1991. The paper reviews the role it played in the 1993 Constitutional crisis, examines the Court’s structure and powers, and also analyzes the juridical nature of its decisions. The Author analyzes the collisions between decisions handed down by the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitution of Russia from the point of view of the stand taken by the Constitutional Court of the RF. In the¿ end, the Author arrives at the conclusion that there is a need for a dialogue among European and national systems of justice with the help of filtration mechanisms and multilevel constitutionalism.

This study examines consumer protection in arbitration, especially under the example of property development contract disputes in Brazil. This is a very current issue in light of the presidential veto of consumer arbitration on May 26, 2015. The article discusses the arbitrability of these disputes based on Brazilian legislation and relevant case law. It also analyzes of the advantages, disadvantages and trends of consumer arbitration in the context of real estate contracts. The paper concludes by providing suggestions specific to consumer protection in arbitration based on this analysis.

Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta contribución trata del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia. En particular, este artículo se enfoca sobre el papel específico de la Corte Constitucional colombiana como defensora de los derechos humanos de las personas desplazadas, como juez y al mismo tiempo como actor de políticas públicas. La Corte Constitucional colombiana ha declarado el “estado de cosas inconstitucional” vis-à-vis de la situación de las personas desplazadas: esto implica que se trata de una situación dramática cuya solución necesita la intervención de muchas instituciones públicas. En el marco de este paper estaré demostrando cómo la Corte Constitucional colombiana se vuelve, de facto, como un actor que orienta las políticas públicas, para garantizar los derechos efectivos de las personas desplazadas. En particular, desde el 2004 el juez constitucional ha implementado un sistema de seguimiento al cumplimiento de las órdenes dictadas por la Sentencia T-025 del 2004, para que sea para las víctimas que son sujetos de especial protección constitucional, como mujeres, comunidades afrocolombianas, indígenas, niños y discapacitados. Consideramos que el caso colombiano es relevante porque el juez constitucional tiene un papel de suprema importancia, que podría contribuir a un nuevo modelo para otras experiencias que cuenten con instituciones del Estado íntegras, en el marco de un conflicto armado.