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Twelve species of the genus Archytas Jennicke, 1867, eight of which described as new are studied and figured in detail. Definitions of the species are based mainly on characters of male genitalia. The male genital characters are the most significant for separation of the species and most demonstrative of their affinities. By examining a long series of species of this genus we came to the conclusion that the presence of one pair of median marginal bristles on the third abdominal tergite seems to be characteristic of the genus. This caracter apparently so important, is not however considered fundamental. The most significant example is found in Archytas lenkoi sp. n. and Archytas vexor Curran, 1928. In A. lenkoi we can find one or two pairs or thay may, less frquently, be absent. In A. vexor these bristles are lacking. The shape of the male copulatory apparatus of Jurinia nitidiventris Curran, 1928 refered to by CURRAN in his "Revision of Archytas", is not characteristic of any species of the group and so, is not considered in this paper. To help in the identification, the species studied here are divided into groups. The analis group" includes: A. apicifer (Walker, 1894), A. californiae (Walker, 1856), A. nivalis Curran, 1928, a. giacomellii (Blanchard, 1941), A. basifulvus (Walker, 1849), A. incasanus Townsend, 1912 and A. cirphis Curran, 1927. The identification of members of these group is extremely difficult owing both to their similarity in colour pattern and to their variability. They all have black testaceous or dark brown abdomen, the last segment pale or brownish pollinose; second segment without bristles; third with a pair of strong marginals, fourth and fifth with two rows of discals on apical third. The final determination often rests upon the structure of the male copulatory apparatus. Fortunately in this group, many of the forcipes superiores and palpi genitalium are strikingly different from one another. The "zikani group" includes: A. zikani sp. n., A seabrai sp. n., A. duckei sp. n. and A. vernalis Curran, 1928. This group may be characterized as follows: forcipes interiores absent; forcipes superiores strongly chitinized an dilated at anex. Within this group, the forcipes of. A. seabrai sp. n. do not present an aberrant form. The "dissimilis group" will be studied in forthcoming papers. The limits of the genus Archyta Jaen. are not as yet sharply difined, the evaluation of the significance of each character used in the definition remaining as most difficult problem. The distinction between Archytas and other related genera is very difficult, chiefly because it is based on variable characters. In this paper we place the genera Parafabricia Towsend, 1931, Itachytas Blanchard, 1940, Archynemochaeta Blanchard, 1941, Proarchytoides Blanchard, 1941 and Archytodejeania Blanchard, 1941 in the synonymy of Archytas Jaen. The detailed examination of the characters used in their definition, proved them to be fundamentally proposed on basis of chaetotasy, these characters alone being precarious, because of the considerabel intraspecifical variation. The type of the new species are in the Oswaldo Cruz Institute collection. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and paratypes in the collections of the followings institutions: Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo; Instituto de Ecologia e Experimemtação Agrícolas; Departamento de Defesa Sanitária Vegetal; Campos Seabra collection; and Barbiellini collection.

In a rpevious paper it was shown that the ecolocogical succession phenomenon is correlated with the phylogenetic progression. Also, in "indifferent genera", following well stablished evolutionary trends, it was found that the species of generalized morphology pertain to the pioneer's habitants, while the more differentiated species are confined to more stabilized habitats (DIRECT METHOD). Among the "characteristic genera", it was also found that the monotopics occur with higher relative frequency in the final stages of the succession, while those genera with a dispersion area covering more than one biogeographical realm have a higher relative frequency in the pioneer stages. Taking the monotopic genera, with exepcion of the occasional very rare relics, as modern ones, and the polytopics as the older genera, the above mentioned correlation is again indicated. (INDIRECT METHOD). In the present paper the use of the "indirect method" as applied to plant populations has been demonstrated.

Foram examinadas 38 amostras de germens do grupo pullorumgallinarum, de origem européa, americana ou isoladas no Brasil, acompanhadas bacteriologicamente durante 3 annos, na fixidez de suas propriedades ou na possibilidade de sua transformação dum typo em outro. a) Distinguiram-se no estudo das propriedades cinco typos de germens no grupo pullorumgallinarum - 1) pullorum gazogeno, 2) pullorum não gazogeno, 3) intermedius, 4) gallinarum ou intermedius? gazogeno, 5) gallinarum não gazogeno. Os 2 primeiros e o 5º já bem cinhecidos e acceitos; o 4º admittido por Beck & Eber, em 1929, o 3º evidenciado por nós em 1935. b) O typo gallinarum gazogeno deve ser mais propriamente talvez considerado como typo intermedius gazogeno a vista de sua acção sobre sorbita e a xylose e sobre o meio de Jordan. c) O quadro final resume as caracteristicas mais importantes destes cinco typos, baseando-se a differenciação principalmente na alteração do vermelho neutro, na produção de H²S, na fermentação de glycerina, rhamnose, xylose, dulcita, sorbita e maltose, na acção sobre o tartaro, na producção de gaz e no aspecto das colonias na superficie de certos meios de cultura. d) Outras propriedades biologicas examinadas - acção sobre o leite, sôro de leite, dextrina, etc, admitidos por varios pesquizadores na differenciação, parecem distituidas de valor. e) As amostras mantiveram fixas as suas propriedades durante todo o tempo em que foram acompanhadas. A hypothese de uma possivel transformação de um typo em outro não foi confirmada em nenhuma das amostras estudadas, justificando a entidade dos varios typos admittidos. f) Discrepancias observadas na fermentação da maltose, referidas por varios pesquizadores com germens desse grupo, não foram confirmadas no presente trabalho. g) Encontrou-se no sôro sanguineo um factor capaz de transformar a maltose em glycose, tornando aquelle assucar fermentescivel. Essa substancia é thermo-estavel e resiste á acção de substancias antidiastasicas. h) A analyse sôrologica das amostras estudadas não permittiu differenciar os typos entre si. Thirty eight strains of microorganisms of the pullorum-gallinarum group, of European, American or Brazilian origin were investigated bacteriologically in order to ascertain as to the fixity of their properties and the possibility of transforming a strain in another. a) Five types could be distinguished in our strains: 1 - gasogenic pullorum; 2 - non-gasogenic pullorum; 3 - intermedius; 4 - gasogenic gallinarum?; 5 - non-gasogenic gallinarum. The first, two and fifth types are well known and recognized by specialists; the fourth group has been recognized by Beck & Eber, in 1920; the third group was recognized by ourselves, in 1935. b) The table found in this paper summarizes the most important characteristics of these five types. The changes produced on neutral red, H²S production, fermentation of glycerol, isodulcitol, xylose, dulcite, sorbitol and maltose, the activity upon Seignette salt, gas production and appearance of the colonies, are among the characteristics on which the distinction of these five types is founded. c) The gasogenic gallinarum type, on account of its action on sorbitol and xylose, and also on Jordan's medium, must be rather considered as a gasogenic intermedius type. d) Other biological characteristics, such as activity upon milk, milk-whey, dextrin, etc., accepted by several specialists, appeared as of no practical value to the distinction of the different types of our strains. e) The strains kept their properties invariable during all the time of our investigations. The hypothesis of a possible transformation of one type into another has not been confirmed in any of the studied strains and this justifies the idea of independence of each one of the accepted types. f) Some discrepances in fermentation of maltose as found by several authors in microorganisms of this group, have been not confirmed in this paper. g) In blood horse serum a factor capable of transforming maltose was found making it fermentative. This substance is thermostable and resistent to some antidiastatic substances. h) The serological analysis of the studied strains did not allow a antigenic distinction among the different types of the bacterial group.

No presente trabalho estudamos o comportamento de alguns ciliados do genero Balantidium nas culturas em meios artificiaes. Utilisamos de preferencia nesses estudos o meio para ameba de Dobell e Laidlaw, enriquecidos com amido de arroz. As especies com que trabalhamos foram: B. coli isolado do homem; Balantidium sp. do porco e B. simile do Macaca mulatta. A especie originaria do homem, foi por nós cultivada com grande facilidade durante um tempo bastante longo, fazendo-se os repiques com o espaço de 24 e 48 horas. Observamos com grande constancia nessa especie o apparecimento do phenomeno de conjugação nas culturas de 24 horas (cultura original ou repiques). Os pares eram constituidos por fórmas pequenas medindo em média 38,6 X 32,1 micra ao contrario das fórmas neutras que mediam em média 75,5 X 57,8 micra, sendo de notar que fórmas pequenas eram tambem encontradas em grande numero isoladas (preconjugantes). Essas fórmas se caracterisavam nos preparados corados, não só pelo seu tamanho como tambem pela grande dimensão do micronucleo que tinha em média 6 micra de diametro. Pelo estudo do material corado verificamos que os elementos depois de se reunirem pela região do peristoma dando origem aos pares, soffrem 2 divisões successivas (mitoses) do micronucleo e dos 4 elementos assim formados, 3 soffrem degeneração, vindo o restante novamente a se dividir para formar os pronucleos em torno dos quaes se processa uma condensação do plasma. Depois da troca dos pronucleos migradores que se vão collocar em cada um dos elementos em conjugação ao lado dos pronucleos estacionarios, dá-se a formação de 2 fuzos de divisão, parallelos (gonomeria) só então processando a fuzão dos 2 pronucleos (estacionario e migrador). Dos 2 novos elementos originados dessa divisão, um vae constituir o novo micronucleo e o outro depois de soffrer nova mitose, vae dar origem a duas placentas que crescendo pouco a pouco vão se fundir mais tarde para dar origem ao novo macronucleo. Os macronucleos dos elementos que entraram em conjugação, permanecem durante quasi todo o phenomeno embora em via de degeneração por picnose, fragmentando-se mais tarde para serem reabsorvidos na pahse em que se processa a fusão dos pronucleos. O Balantidium sp. existente nas fézes do porco, foi tambem por nós cultivado com grande facilidade, occorrendo o phenomeno de conjugação constantemente nas culturas de 24 horas. Com o B. simile parasita do M. mulatta o resultado foi completamente differente. Essa especie é dificil de cultivar e só se obtem resultados usando certos artificios de technica taes como juncção de uma substancia tampão ao meio de cultura conseguindo-se então uma intensa proliferação do ciliado 24 horas depois da sementeira, quer nos tubos iniciaes como nos repiques (4ª a 5ª passagem). Essa especie ao contrario da do homem e da do porco absolutamente não conjunga nas culturas e isso podemos affirmar baseados em longa observação. Nas culturas se passa identico facto ao que já foi por nós observado e descripto em material de fézes de M. mulatta, isto é, a « Endomixia ». Nos preparados corados feitos com o material das primeiras culturas como dos repiques, pudemos observar toda a evolução do phenomeno, isto é, desde as fórmas iniciaes (mitose do micronucleo e inicio de degeneração do macronucleo) até as phases finaes do processo. Nesse material verificamos mais uma vez, de maneira clara que a formação do micronucleo se faz a custa de uma das placentas como já tivemos occasião de assignalar em nosso trabalho acima referido. Nelson em recente trabalho (Observations and Experiments on Conjugation of the Balantidium from the Chimpanzee - Amer, Jour. of Hyg., Vol. 20, nº 1, 1934), põe em duvida o phenomeno de endomixia estudado por nós nessa especie de Balantidium. A affirmação desse autor não merece ser discutida por não ter elle apresentado a unica prova que poderia invalidar a nossa observação e que seria, a demonstração da existencia de pares de conjugantes, facto esse que o proprio autor declara nunca ter observado em material que teve occasião de estudar. Quanto ao nosso material que Nelson diz ter examinado temos a declarar se tratar apenas de algumas laminas nas quaes podiam ser vistas algumas das phases do phenomeno e que foram cedidas por nós ao Professor Hegner quando de passagem pelo Brasil. Baseados em longas pesquisas, concluimos que o Ealantidium simile representa uma especie de ciliado em que a conjugação parece tersido substituida de maneira permanente, pelo phenomeno de endomixia. Facto identico occorre, segundo estudos nossos ainda ineditos, em um grupo de ciliados, ito é, na familia Cyathodiniidae. Para esses ciliados propomos aqui a denominação de ciliados azygoticos ou parthenogeneticos.We report here on the behaviour of some Ciliates of te genus Balantidium in artificial culture media. For this study we have employed mainly Dobell and Laidlaw's amoeba medium to which rice starch was added. We investigated Balantidium coli, isolated from man; Balantidium sp., from the pig; and Balantidium simile, from Macaca mulatta, the Rhesus monkey. We could cultivate the human parasite very casily for a long time, transplanting it every 24 to 48 hours. Conjugation was very constantly observed in this species in culture about 24 hours old, either original cultures or transplants. The conjugants are found in pairs as small forms about 38,6 X 32,1 micra. The neutral individuals reach an average size of 75,5 X 57,8 micra. Small isolated preconjugant forms were also found in large numbers. These pre-conjugant forms in stained slides could be distinguished not only by their small size but also by the large size of their micronulcei which reached an average of 6 micra in diameter. The study of the stained material shows that the conjugants associate in pairs attaching themselves one to another by their peristomal region. Then their micronuclei divide twice by mitosis. From the four micronuclei thus three degenerate the remaining one dividing again in order to form the pronuclei around which a condensation of the cytoplasm is produced. After the exchange og the migratory pronuclei takes place, they are found in cach of the conjugants side by side with the stationary pronuclei. In each pair of pronuclei two mitotic spindles are formed, paralled one to another (gonomery) the fusion of both pronuclei (stationary and migratory) only then taking place. From both nuclei formed by this mitotic division simultaneous to the nuclear fusion, two new nuclei result one of which will become the new micronucleus. The other new nucleus divide again to form two placentae which will slowly grow and then fuse again to form the new macronucleus. The macronuclei originally found in both conjugants in spite of being found to degenerate by pycnosis are usually seen throughout almost all the conjugating process. Later on they break up in fragments which are reabsorved during the stage of pronuclear fusion. The species of Balantidium occurring in the pig was also very easily cultivated, conjugation being constantly observed in 24 hours old cultures. In Balantidium simile things were quite different. This species is difficult to cultivate, good results being obtained only when special technique is used as, for instance, when a buffer is added to the culture medium. In such a case abundant growth and multiplication of the Ciliate is seen after 24 hours either in the original cultures or in the transplants to the 4th. or 5th. subcultures. On the ground of a prolonged observation we can assert that Balantidium simile, in opposition to what one sees in the human and pig parasites, never conjugate in culture. In the original cultures and transplants of Balantidium simile the same phaenomena occur that we described from the faeces of Macaca mulatta, the Rhesus monkey, that is endomixis. On the stained slides we could observe the entire process, since the appearance of the initial forms (mitosis of the micronucleus and beginning of the degeneration of the macronucleus) until the final stages. Once more in this material we could see in a very clear way that the micronucleus is formed from one of the placentae, as we had the opportunity to show in a previous paper. Nelson in a recent paper (Observations and Experiments on Conjugation of the Balantidium from the Chimpanzee - American Journal of Hygiene, vol 20, n. 1, 1934), express his doubts about the phaenomena of endomixis we described in Balantidium simile. This author's opinion does not deserve discussion since he did not present the only proof that could invalidate our conclusions, that is the demonstration of the occurrence of pairs of conjugants, a fact he never succeeded to observe in the material at his disposal. As for our material that Nelson says to have examined it consists only in a few slides we gave to Professor Hegner when he visited Brazil. In these slides some stages of endomixis could be seen. On the ground of long lasting researches we conclude that Balantidium simile is a Ciliate in which conjugation seems to have disappeared and been relaced entirely and permanently by endomixis. According to our researches a similar fact accurs among another group of Ciliates, the families Cyathodiniidae and Enterophrydae. We propose to name azygotic or parthenogenetic the Ciliates in which this phaenomenon is observed.

According to E. Chagas (1938), South-American Kala Azar is a widespread disease from the jungle, several cases being reported from North Brazil (Estado do Pará: Marajó Island, Tocantins and Gurupi river valleys; Estados do Piauí and Ceará: coast and hinterland). Other cases were found in Northeast Brazil (Estados de Pernambuco, Alagôas and Sergipe: coast and hinterland; Estado da Bahia: hinterland). A few cases were described from Estado de Mato-Grosso (Brazil), Provincia de Salta and Território do Chaco (Argentine), and Zona contestada do Chaco (Paraguai-Bolívia). A well defined secondary anemia associated with enlargement of the liver and spleen are the chief symptoms. Death usually occurs in cachexia and with symptoms of heart failure. Half the patients were children aged less than ten years (CHAGAS, CASTRO & FERREIRA, 1937). Quite exhaustive epidemiological researches performed by CHAGAS, FERREIRA, DEANE, DEANE & GUIMARÃES (1938) in Municipio de Abaeté (Estado do Pará, Brazil) gave the incidence of 1.48% for the natural infection in human, 4.49% in dogs, and 2.63% in cats. The infection was arcribed (CUNHA & CHAGAS, 1937) to a new species of Leishmania (L. chagasi). Latter CUNHA (1938) state, that it is identical to L. infantum. ADLER (1940) found that so far it has been impossible to distinguish L. chagasi from L. infantum by any laboratory test but a final judgment must be reserved until further experiments with different species of sandflies have been carried out. Skin changes in canine Kala Azar were signaled by many workers, and their importance as regards the transmission of the disease is recognized by some of them (ADLER & THEODOR, 1931, 2. CUNHA, 1933). Cutaneous ulcers in naturally infected dogs are referred by CRITIEN (1911) in Malta, by CHODUKIN & SCHEVTSCHENKO (1928) in Taschkent, by DONATIEN & LESTOCQUARD (1929) and by LESTOCQUARD & PARROT (1929) in Algeria, and by BLANC & CAMINOPETROS (1931) in Greece. Depilation is signaled by YAKIMOFF & KOHL-YAKIMOFF (1911) in Tunis, by YAKIMOFF (1915) in Turkestan. Eczematous areas or a condition described as "eczema furfurace" is sometimes noted in the areas of depilation (DONATIEN & LESTOCQUARD). The skin changes noticed by ADLER & THEODOR (1932) in dogs naturally infected with Mediterranean Kala Azar can be briefly summarized as a selective infiltration of macrophages around hair follicles including the sebaceous glands and the presence of infected macrophages in normal dermis. The latter phenomenon in the complete absence of secondary infiltration of round cells and plasma cells is the most striking characteristic of canine Kala Azar and differentiates it from L. tropica. In the more advanced stages the dermis is more cellular than that of normal dogs and may even contain a few small dense areas of infiltration with macrophages and some round cells and polymorphs. The external changes, i. e., seborrhea and depilation are roughly proportional to the number of affected hair follicles. In dogs experimentally infected with South-American Kala Azar the parasites were regularly found in blocks of skin removed from the living animal every fortnight (CUNHA, 1938). The changes noticed by CUNHA, besides the presence of Leishmania, were perivascular and diffuse infiltration of the cutis with mononuclears sometimes more marked near hair follicles, as well as depilation, seborrhea and ulceration. The parasites were first discovered and very numerous in the paws. Our material was obtained from dogs experimentally infected by Dr. A. MARQUES DA CUNHA< and they were the subject of a previous paper by CUNHA (1938). In this study, however, several animals were discarded as it was found that they did develop a superimposed infection by Demodex canis. This paper deals with the changes found in 88 blocks of skin removed from five dogs, two infected with two different canine strains, and three with two distinct human strains of South-American Kala Azar. CUNHA'S valuable material affords serial observations of the cutaneous changes in Kala Azar as most of the blocks of skin were taken every fortnight. The following conclusions were drawn after a careful microscopic study. (1) Skin changes directly induced in the dog by the parasites of South-American Kala Azar may b described as an infiltration of the corium (pars papillaris and upper portion of the reticular layer) by histocytes. Parasites are scanty, at first, latter becoming very numerous in the cytoplasm of such cells. Sometimes the histocytes either embedding or not leishman bodies appear as distinct nodes of infiltration or cell aggregations (histocytic granuloma, Figs. 8 and 22) having a perivascular distribution. The capillary loops in the papillae, the vessels of the sweat glands, the subpapillary plexus, the vertical twigs connecting the superficial and deep plexuses are the ordinary seats of the histocytic Kala Azar granulomata. (2) Some of the cutaneous changes are transient, and show spontaneous tendency to heal. A gradual transformation of the histocytes either containing or not leishman bodies into fixed connective tissue cells or fibroblasts occut and accounts for the natural regression just mentioned. Figs. 3, 5, 18, 19 and 20 are good illustrations of such fibroblastic transformation of the histocytic Kala Azar granulomata. (3) Skin changes induced by the causative organism of South-American Kala Azar are neither uniform nor simultaneous. The same stage may be found in the same dog in different periods of the disease, and not the same changes take place when pieces from several regions are examined in the same moment. The fibroblastic transformation of the histocytic granulomata marking the beginning of the process of repair, e. g., was recognised in dog C, in the 196th as well as in the 213rd (Fig. 18) and 231st (Fig. 19) days after the inoculation. (4) The connective tissue of the skin in dogs experimentally infected with South-American Kala Azar is overflowed by blood cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) besides the proliferation in situ of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. A marked increase in the number of cells specially the "ruhende Wanderzellen" (Figs. 4 and 15) is noticed even during the first weeks after inoculation (prodomal stage) when no leishman bodies are yet found in the skin. Latter a massive infiltration by amoeboid wandering cells similar to typical blood monocytes (Fig. 21) associated to a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells (Figs. 9, 17, 21, and 24) indicates that the emigration of blood cells...

The author has studied the influence of acetylcholine solutions directly applied on the motor cortex of dogs, cats monkeys and rabbits. For this purpose small squares of filter paper were soaked in the acetylcholine solution and soon afterwards laid on the motor cortex. Solutions varying from 0,2 to 10 per cent have been experimented. It has been shown that local application of the solutions on the motor points, previously localized by induction coil, produced motor reactions. It has been found, in the dogs that 10 per cent acetylcholine solutions cause localized muscular twitchings (clonus) in almost all the animals experimented. Generalised epileptiform convulsions were obtained in44,4% of the dogs. Convulsions were also obtained by employing 1 per cent solution of acetylcholine. Definite response has been obtained with 0,2 per cent solution. Failure of motor action, pointed out by other authors, has been related to the use of anesthetics. Convulsions were easily produced by rapid light mechanical stimulations of the skin covering the muscles in conection with the excited motor point, and the application on the motor point of acetylcholine. The results on monkeys can be summarized as follows. Two species of monkeys were experimented: Cebus capucinus and Macaca mulata. In the monkeys C. capucinus generalised convulsive reactions were induced with actylcholine solutions in a concentration as low as 0,5 per cent. Motor reaction or convulsive seizeres were obtained in seven of the eight monkeys used. Three monkeys M. mulata were stimulated with 10 per cent acetylcholine solution but only localized muscular contraction hae been observed. Similar results has been obtained on the motor cortex of cats and rabbits. One of the three cats employed has shown epileptiform convulsions and the remaining only localized muscular contractions. In the rabbits muscular twitchings have been also induced. The sensitizing power of eserine on the action of acetylcholine has been also searched. The results indicate that a previous application of eserine solution on the motor center, potentiates the action of acetylcholine. The intensity of the muscular twitchings is greater than the obtained before the application of the eserine solution. Generalised epileptiform convulsions sometimes appeared following the use of lower concentrations of acetylcholine than those previously employed. Experiments have been carried out by injecting eserine and prostigmine by parenteral route. A dosis dufficient for induce small muscular tremors did not enhance obviously the motor effects produced by the application of the acetylcholine solutions on the motor cortex. From seven dogs experimented, all previously tested for convulsive seiruzes by application of 1 and 10 per cent acetylcholine solution with negative results, only one has shown epileptiform convulsions after the injection of prostigmine. Morphine has also been tested as facilitating substance for convulsions induced by acetylcholine. Six from the nine dogs submitted to the experiments, developed epileptiform seizures after injection of morphine and stimulation of the motor cortex with acetylcholine. (Table IV). In another series of experiments atropine and nicotine have been studied as for to their action on the motor effects of acetylcholine. Nicotine has a strong convulsant action, even when employed in very high concentration. Since a depressant effect has not appeared even by the applications of high concentrations of nicotine in the motor corteõ of dogs, unlike the classical observations for the autonomus nervous system, it was not possible to verify the action of acetylcholine on a motor center paralised by nicotine. It is important to not that the motor phenomena observed after the first aplication of acetylcholine, can desappear by the renewal of the pieces of filter paper soaked in the acetylcholine solution. Atropine, either applied on the motor point in low concentration, or injected in sufficient amount for inhibiting the “muscarinic effects” of acetylcholine on the autonomous nervous system, did not prevent the motor reactions of acetylcholine on the cerebral cortex.

The localization of the xanthine oxidase (X.O.) and xanthine dehydrogenase (X.D.) activities in rat liver have been studied using separation of cytoplasmic particles into fractions by differential centrifugation. The results clearly demonstrate that practically all the enzymic activity is present in the supernatant fluid corresponding to the cell sap containing the soluble proteins of the cell. No activity could be detected for the nuclear, mitocondrial and microsomal fractions. The enzymatic activity of the mixture of the four factions was 102 per cent of that of the original homogenate. The distribution of the xanthine dehydrogenase in the protein fractions of the rat serum was accomplished in preliminary experiments by means of 50% ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequent dialysis against water. All enzymatic activity was confined to the globulin fractions of the serum. Paper electrophoresis was performed and the protein and lipoprotein fractions determined. A method for the localization of the X.D. activity in the protein fractions separated by paper electrophoresis was developed. The results obtained suggest that xanthine dehydrogenase is localized in the globulin fractions possessing mobilities of [alpha 1], [beta] and [gamma] globulins and are probably bound to the lipoproteins.

De 176 necrópsias feitas em vertebrados, os autores coletaram diversos helmintos, nos arredores de Alfenas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A maioria das espécies aquí incluídas são redescritas e algumas delas, apenas referidas ou por já haverem sido apresentadas em trabalhos precedentes pelos próprios autores, ou por serem bem descritas atualmente, não se justificando um novo estudo. Com respeito aos Cestódeos, o propósito foi o de acrescentar alguns dados no que se refere à morfologia, com base nas descrições originais que são incompletas, em sua maior parte. São discutidos os seguintes itens: Freqüência das classes de vertebrados abatidos; parasitismo geral, por grupo de helmintos; parasitismo por grupo de helmintos, nos grupos de vertebrados. São apresentados também, comentários e figuras originais de cada espécie redescrita, bem como uma lista dos animais necropsiados. Several helminths were recovered, by the authors, from 176 Vertebrates shot at the outskirts of Alfenas, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, duringperiodical excursions, from 1967 to 1971. the animals were not chosen in a standard number of individuals within each Class. The authors tried to get a whole strin of Vertebrates in general. The species here listed are redescribed; some of them only refered, for either they were alredy issued in preceding papers by the authors, or are too well known by now, to justify a revision. Concerning on the Cestodes, their purpose was to emphasize the morfology, based on the imcomplete original descriptions of the species majority. The following items are discussed; Class frequency of Vertebrates shot; general parasitism by helminthic group. (This percentage is calculated, based on the infected animals and not on the whole set.); parasitism by helminthic group in each Vertebrate Class. Besides, they make Subulura freitaslauroi Pinto, 1970; synounnym of Subulura alfenensis Pinto, 1969 and propose a new combination for Taenia pyramidata (Rudolphi, 1819), give new host records for Diplotriaena henryi: Blanc, 1918, Dendouteria pilherodiae Mahon, 1956, Unciunia trichocirrosa Skrjabin, 1914 and Biuterina campanulata (Rudolphi, 1819), D. henryi and U. trichocirrosa are also refered in Brazil for the first time. They add original camera lucida drawings of all the redescribed helminths, include personal comments on some species, as well as present a list of the inspected animals, forming thus the subject matter of the present paper.

The program of schistosomiasis control for the State of São Paulo, where only low endemicity areas occur, is discussed in this paper. Inclusion of schistosomiasis among the diseases due to obligatory notification is considered as a measure of great importance. Accordingly the search for passive cases conducted by the public health system acquired major importance in the disease surveillance. As from 1981 to 1992 only 11% of the detected cases were considered as autochthonous. The main transmission areas are located at the Litoral and Paraiba Valley regions. In the period of time under analysis, the epidemiological surveillance data suggest a decrease in the morbidity and in the autochthony tendency in the State of São Paulo.

Apresentamos os resultados de observação sobre o ciclo circadiano de atividade hematofágica dos mosquitos, em Granja Calábria, Jacarepaguá, na planície litorânea do Rio de Janeiro, onde realizamos, em isca humana, ao ar livre, capturas semanais, de 8 às 10, de 13 às 15 e 18 às 20 horas, de agosto de 1981 a julho de 1982, além de três capturas horárias de 24 horas seguidas. A maioria das espécies locais revelou caráter crepuscular vespertino e noturno. Contudo Limatus durhami, Phoniomyia davisi, Wyeomyia leucostigma e Wyeomyia (Dendromyia) sp. foram essencialmente diurnas, enquanto Anopheles albitarsis, Culex chidesteri e Culex quinquefasciatus foram obtidas somente no crepúsculo vespertino e à noite. Embora Anopheles aquasalis, Culex coronator, Culex saltanensis, Culex crybda e Coquillettidia venezuelensis fossem preponderantemente noturnas e Phoniomyia deanei e Phoniomyia theobaldi principalmente diurnas, obtivemô-las algumas vezes, fora do horário preferencial, sendo que Phoniomyia deanei teve nítido incremento pré-crepuscular vespertino. Aedes scapularis, Aedes taeniorhynchus e Mansonia titillans, espécies mais ecléticas, picaram durante todo o nictêmero, mas com flagrante acentuação crepuscular vespertina. This paper presents the results of obsrvation on the circadian biting cycle of mosquitoes, at Granjas Calábria, Jacarepaguá, in the coastal lowland of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where we carried out weekly outdoor captures on human bait, from 8 to 10 a.m. and from 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 p.m., from August 1981 to July 1982, as well as three nyctemeral captures also on human bait. Most of the local species were more frequent at sunset and at night. Li. durhami, Ph. davisi, Wy. leucostigma and Wyeomyia (Den.) sp. were clearly diurnal, while An. albitarsis, Cx. chidesteri and Cx. quinquefasciatus were obtained only at sunset and at night. Although An. aquasalis, Cx. coronator, Cx. saltanensis, Cx. crybda and Cq. venezuelensis appeared to be night feeders and Ph. deanei and Ph. theobaldi diurnal, we have caught them soemtimes out of their preferential feeding periods; Ph. deanei presented a pre-crepuscular increase in its biting activity. Ae. scapularis, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ma. titillans, were more ecletic, attacking in large numbers at sunset, keeping very active through the night, but biting during the remainder of the 24-hour period.

In this paper the authors briefly describe a human Schistosoma mansoni strain from Pará State, Brazil. The CIRENE'S strain was capable of infecting 71.4% of the snail vector Biomphalaria glabrata (Telegrafo's strain) provided by the "Evando Chagas" Institute, Belém. The cycle was completed by the infection of six mice. The thoracic and abdominal organs were examined microscopically which demonstrated the passage of the worm into the liver and lungs. The authors discuss the importance of these results in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Pará.

Os autores, no presente trabalho, fazem um estudo da posição sistemática das espécies do subgênero Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970, sendo o mesmo referido pela primeira vez no Brasil. Transferem para este subgênero: L. hancocki Manter, 1940; L. longevesiculum Hafeezullah, 1970 e L. manteri Hafeezullah, 1970. Consideram L. ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1970 sinônimo de L. holocentri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960. Apresentam uma chave de classificação para as espécies pertencentes á Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970. Descrevem e figuram L. (L.) epinepheli Bravo-Hollis & Manter, 1957 em novo hospedeiro. In this paper the authors discuss the systematical position of the species under Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970, as well as refer it for the first time in Brasil. They transfer to this subgenus L. hancocki manter, 1940; L. longevesiculum hafeezullah, 1970 and L. manteri Hafeezullah, 1970. L. (L.) ghanensis Fischthal & Thomas, 1970 is considered a synomim of L. (L.) holocentri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960. They present a classification key for the species under Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides) Yamaguti, 1970 and a complete description and original drawings of L. (L.) epinepheli Bravo-Hollis & Manter, 1957, also refering a new host record for it. The authors disagree about the proposition of the type species of the subgenus, L. (L.) holocentri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960, for L. (L.) levenseni (Linton, 1907) Manter, 1947 is the former one and has all the representing characters of Lepidapedon (Lepidapedoides). The trematodes were recovered from intestine of Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider) commonly named "Vermelho", from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State.

O Rhodnius neglectus é assinalado para a Fauna do Estado da Bahia como a única espécies do gênero ali ocorrente. Dados sobre sua biologia e a morfologia, são apresentados. É feito um estudo do aparelho genital dessa espécie e são salientados os caracteres morfológicos que serão adotados para a diferenciação específica dos triatomíneos nos seguintes trabalhos a serem publicados na série sobre a fauna de hemípteros do Estado.One female specimen of Rhodnius neglectus was collected inthe State of Bahia, Brazil and is considered the only species of the genus so far found in that State. The AA. present data on the biology and morphology of the insect and make a thorough study of the genital apparatus of the species, which will be used for species differentiation in the future papers about the fauna of Triatominae of the State of Bahia.

Na presente nota, redescrevemos Thubunaea dactyluris karve, 1938, em novo hospedador e assinalamos a ocorrência deste gênero pela primeira vez no Brasil. O material é resultante de uma necrópsia feita em Ameiva ameiva (L.), proveniente da Praia do Anil, Município de Magé, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudados 8 machos e 10 fêmeas. São apresentados 9 figuras e 1 quadro com as medidas correspondentes, mostrando as variações encontradas. In this paper the authors redescribe Thubunaea dactyluris Karve, 1938 in a new host; this is the first reference of this genus in Brazil. The nematodes were recovered from the stomach of Ameiva ameiva (L.), from Anil Beach, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The authors studied eight males and ten females. Nine figures and one measurement table are presented, showing all these variations.

Visou-se, no presente trabalho, observar a persistência do vírus da gripe em hamsters inoculados por via intracerebral. Foram empregados 10 desses animais, assinalando-se a presença do vírus, no tecido nervoso, até, pelo menos, 10 meses e 9 dias após a inoculação. In the present paper the author describes the experiments made by the inoculation of PR8 strain of influenza virus by intracerebral route in hamsters. The virus persisted in the brains at least until 10 months and 9 days. The hamsters inoculated did not show signs of illness.

Estudamos as alterações ultra-estruturais dos hepatócitos na forma aguda, toxêmica, da esquistossomose, em cinco pacientes, membros de uma mesma família infectados em idênticas condições em um córrego existente próximo da lagoa de Pampulha, em Belo Horizonte (MG), e não tratados especificamente para a esquistossomose. Este estudo confirma os dados obtidos em trabalho anterior, em sete pacientes infectados no Município de Sabara (MG). Nos cinco casos, as alterações ultra-estruturais foram inespecíficas, pouco acentuadas, embora mais intensas do que as observadas anteriormente, e se caracterizaram sobretudo pelas modificações das organelas citoplasmáticas, explicando o freqüente encontro de células claras a microscopia óptica. A identificação de alguns granulomas a microscopia eletrônica permitiu verificar que estes mostram, no exstudato, granulócitos eosinófilos, macrófagos, plasmócitos, células epitelióides e mastócitos. Entre as células havia material amorfo e finos feixes de colágeno. In this paper the authors discuss the ultrastructural changes of liver cells in the acute toxaemic form of schistosomiasis mansoni in five member of the same family who got the infection in identical conditions in an endemic area located near the Pampulha Lake, in Belo Horizonte (MG) and that did not receive specific treatment for schistosomiasis. This study confirms the data obtained and documented in a prior communication in seven patients infected in Sabará (MG). In the five cases the ultrastructural changes were also non-specific, although more intense than observed previuosly and were characterized mainly by alteration of the cytoplasmic organelles that could explain the common feature of clear cells by light microscopy. The results of the observation of some granulomas in ultrathin sections have demonstrated eosinophils, macrophages, plasma cells, epithelioid cells and mast cells. Among these cells there were also ground substance and thin bundles of collagen.

A composição e estratificação da atividade Phlebotominae desenvolvida numa mata residual e área aberta com intensa atividade agrícola, tomam parte desta investigação. O emprego da armadilha CDC tornou acessivo determinar a fauna local. Treze espécies e um número global de 5.423 indivíduos foram capturados. Os pontos situados no ecótono foram os que apresentaram maiores rendimentos, com destaque para P. intermedius, L. migonei e L. fischeri. Desse modo, os resultados levam acreditar serem portadoras de hábito acrodendrófilo. Por outro lado, quando o resultado global foi agrupado segundo o sexo masculino e feminino, o primeiro foi predominante. A análise da distruição estacional dessas espécies citadas revelou claramente picos de atividades mais elevados, bi e tri-modal, para diferentes estações. Na estação outono, P. intermedius teve atividade quase exclusivamente ao nível do solo. Esta exclusividade praticamente se estendeu aos locais de coleta situados em campo aberto.This paper deals with the investigation on the composition and stratification of the Phebotominae activity developed in patch and clear areas of high agricultural activity. The employment of a CDC light trap proved to be a useful tool in determining the local faune. Thirteen species of sandflies and a total of 5,423 individuals were caught. The catch places situated in the ecotone were the ones in which the results reached their best, being outstanding for Psychodopygus intermedius, Lutzomyia migonei and L. fischeri. Thereby, data lead us to believe they have acrodendrophilous habit. On the other hand, when the global results were gathered according to male and female categories, the first one proved to be predominant. In the analysis of seasonal distribution for the three species cited, it was clear that the high-activity peaks were bi- and tri-modal for different seasons. P. intermedius was almost the exclusive sandfly caught at ground level in the Autumn season. This exclusiveness has practically extended itself to the catch places situated in open field.

Foi iniciado um catálogo da morfologia policlínica das epécies anemófilas e das causadoras de alergias, ocorrentes no Brasil. Nesta primeira parte foram examinados os grãos de pólen das Angiospermas consideradas menos evoluídas, correspondendo às seguintes Famílias: Casuarinaceae, Salicaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae e Urticaceae. O catálogo seguirá a ordem filogenética dos vegetais superiores. A catalogue of pollen morphology from the anemophilous species in Brazil, specially the allergenic ones, is beginning with this paper. In this first article the pollen grain morphology of the less developed angiosperm families, like Casuarinaceae, Salicaceae, Moraceae and Urticaceae has been examined. The catalogue will follow the phyllogenetic lines of the plant families.

Triatoma melanocephala - Neiva & Pinto, 1923, espécie rara e de distribuição geográfica restrita, é redescrita no presente trabalho. Exemplares adultos foram coletados em domicílio e adultos e ninfas foram pela primeira vez encontrados em gravatás no ambiente silvestre, infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. A espécie foi criada em laboratório com dificuldades, gastando cerca de 350 dias no mínimo para o desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto; mostrando-se bem susceptível á infecção experimental pelo T. cruzi.Triatoma melanocephala Neiva & Pinto, 1923, a rare species of triatomine with a restricted geographic distribution, is redescribed in the present paper. Specimens of adults were collected inside houses and adults and nymphs naturally infected with T. cruzi were found in bromeliad epiphyts in sylvatic sites. This species of bug was reared with difficulty in the laboratory and required about 350 days to develop from egg to adult.

Os métodos de imunoperoxidase têm muito em comum com os da imunofluorescência para a demonstração de antígenos teciduais e celulares como no campo das doenças renais relacionadas a imunoglobinas e imunocomplexos. Neste trabalho os autores fazem um estudo comparativo da sensibilidade dos dois métodos (IF e PAP) em tecido de congelação e blocos parafinizados de material de biópsia renal. A análise estatística dos resultados mostrou uma concordãncia significativa entre a IF de congelação e a imunoperoxidase em tecido parafinizado com exceções para a detecção de frações de complemento e de fibrinogênio. Não houve concordância entre a IF em congelação e IF em tecido parafinizado.Immunofluorescent (IF) and immunoperoxidase (PAP) technics have a lot in commum in the detection of cellular and tissue antigens. In renal diseases they have been used in the detection of immunoglobulins and immune complexes. In the present paper the authors compare the technics of IF and PAP in paraffin sections to frozen renal biopsy sections by in 25 cases. There was significant correlation between IF of frozen renal biopsies with PAP of paraffin sections for immunoglobulins. There was on correlation for complement components and fibrinogen as well as for IF on paraffin sections for all components investigated. IF in paraffin sections was inadequate for the detection of deposits in renal glomeruli when perfomed in routine sections.

Os autores, continuando com o estudo dos Procamallanus brasileiros, propõem Procamallanus (S.) solaini como espécie nova para o gênero. Redescrevem Procamallanus (S.) iheringi Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, depois de terem tido acesso ao material tipo e elucidado dúvidas a respeito de sua morfologia. Para Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, tiveram a descrição de Pinto & Noronha, 1972 adaptada. De Procamallanus (S.) amarali Vas & Pereira, 1934, tornam conhecida a fêmea da espécie e fazem uma breve redescrição do macho. Listam amostras de Procamallanus sp. que não conduziram a um diagnóstico preciso, devido ao seu precário estado de conservação. Foram examinadas amostras de helmintos que fazem parte da Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Carryng on the work related to the Brazilian Procamallanus, we rectify a few statements as well as confirm several ones appraising former species proposed and inserted in this paper and arise a new one. 1. procamallanus (S.) solani n. sp. was related to the nearest four brazilian species and their relationship is displaied on table I. 2 Procamallanus (S.)inheringi Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928. The aspect of buccal capsule in males and females of our material was absolutely not that one described by Travassos & cols., since they were mistaken in their description, inverting the number of spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule of the latter. In order to compare our material with that assigned as type, we present camera lucida drawings and photomicrographies of both samples. 3. Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928. Its description and drawings were abridged and adapted from Pinto & Noronha, 1972. 4. Procamallanus (S.) amarali Vaz & Pereira, 1934. We found among fully males of the species, only tiny and diaphanous immature female nematodes in which we could observe the genitalia and buccal capsule in several developing phases. A sole young female speciment, owing a very short, smooth and thin walled ovejector was the basis for the description we present.

Descreve-se uma nova espécie de trematóide paranfistomídeo, encontrado no intestino grosso de preá, Cavia aperea aperea Erxleben, 1777, roedor silvestre muito freqüente no Estado de São Paulo de outras regiões do país. Para o trematóide em apreço é proposto o nome de Taxorchis caviae sp. n. São discutidas as diferenças entre T. caviae e as espécies próximas,dos gêneros Chiorchis, Taxorchis e Stichorchis. São propostas alterações na diagnose clássica do gênero Taxorchis, de modo a nele ser incluído T. caviae.This paper deals with a new species of a paramphistomid trematode, Taxorchis caviae n. sp., found in a wild Brazilian rodent, Cavia aperea aperea Erxleben, 1777. Differences between T. caviae and species of Cladorchis Fischoeder, 1901, Stichorchis Fischoeder, 1901 and Taxorchis Fischoeder, 1901, are discussed and some alteration in the diagnosis of the genus Taxorchis are proposed.

The present paper reports the presence of an electrondense material of unknown nature distributed under the viteline membrane of Scaptotrigona postica egg. The dorsal side layer is thicker then the ventral one. In eggs newly oviposited the material is gradually distributed inside the plasmalema invaginations. Later on (12 hs after oviposition) when a blastoderm is already formed around the egg, the material moves to the intercellular space. On the sequence of the development there was no more indication of the material under the membrane.

Este trabalho apresenta dados de enteroparasitas encontradas em índios da comunidade tribal de Suruí, em Rondônia, na Região Amazônica do Brasil. As seguintes espécies foram encontradas: Ascaris lumbricoides (53,3%), Ancilostomidae (43,3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (33,3%), Taenia sp. (5,8%), Trichuris trichiura (5,0%), Hymenolepis nana (4,1%), Giardia lamblia (3,3%), Entamoeba histolytica complex (0,8%) e Enterobius vermicularis (0,1%). O encontro de Capillaria sp. nas fezes de dois individuos é discutido. In this paper data on enteroparasites found in indians of the Surui tribal community in Rondônia, Amazon Region of Brazil, are presented. The following species were detected: Ascaris lumbricoides (53.3%), Ancylostomidae (43.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (33.3%), Taenia sp. (5.8%), Trichuris trichiura (5.0%), Hymenolepis nana (4.1%), Giardia lambia (3.3%), Entamoeba histolytica complex (0.8%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%).

In this paper, three new species are described: Ablaptus bolivianus, n. sp. and A. simillimus, n. sp. from Bolivia; and A. lopesi, n. sp. from Brazil. A detailed study of the male genitalia is included, and the relationships of the genus Ablaptus are discussed.

Contribuindo para o conhecimento de alguns cestódeos do gênero Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920, parasitos de Columbiformes, são estudadas aqui duas espécies encontradas em intestino delgado de columba livia dom. L. 1758. Uma delas, Raillietina (Raillietina) allomyodes (Kotlan, 1921), originalmente descrita da Nova Guiné, é agora assinalada pela primeira vez no Brasil, em novo hospedeiro. A outra, Raillietina (Fuhrmannetta) crassula (Rudolphi, 1819) apesar de ter sido descrita de material do Brasil e África, não tem uma descrição detalhada. Up to the present, Raillietina (Raillietina) echinobothrida (Mégnin, 1881), Raillietina (Fuhrmannetta) crassula (Rudolphi, 1819) and Raillietina (Skrjabinia bonini (Mégnin, 1899), all of them recovered from Columba lívia dom. L. 1758, are refered in Brazil. So, in this paper, natural infection of Raillietina (Raillietina) allomyodes (Kotlan, 1921) is pointed out for the first time in Brazilian pigeon, as a new host record. The author justifies the redescription of R. (F.) crassula (Rudolphi, 1819), which, although commonly occurring in other countries, has not been well described in Brazil.

This paper describes some results of a systematic survey of the Ceratopogonidae midges of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three species, Stilobezzia punctulata Lane, 1947, Heteromyia chaquensis Duret & Lane, 1955 and Dasyhelea paulistana Forattini & Rabello, 1957 were identified from a small lake, "Lagoinha" or "Olhos d'Água", near to the main lake of Lagoa Santa. The first descriptions of the males of Heteromyia chaquensis and Dasyhelea paulistana are presented.

Cães jovens infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi desenvolveram a fase aguda da infecção e foram estudados durante o 7º até o 50º dia por métodos morfológicos, parasitológicos, imunológicos e eletrocardiográficos. ocorreu intensa miocardite que se iniciava nos átrios e se propagava aos ventrículos e, quando plenamente desenvolvida, predominava no átrio direito, na metade direita do septo interventricular e na parede livre do ventrículodireito. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram progressivas e revelavam o progressivo e predominante comprometimento atrial, mas a interferência com a propagação do estímulo (bloqueio) só apareceu nas fases terminais, coincidente com a presença de inflamação e necrose ao longo do tecido de condução. Quinze cães foram submetidos a tratamento específico e em alguns destes as modificações anátomo-patológicas e eletrocardiográficas representaram uma reversão progressiva das lesões observadas antes. Dez animais evoluíram para a fase crônica indeterminada da infecção, três deles após tratamento, e foram acompanhados por períodos de oito meses a três anos, sem que nenhum desenvolvesse sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. As alterações eletrocardiográficas observadas nestes casos foram inespecíficas e algumas arritmias apareceram transitoriamente. No sistema excito-condutor foram encontradas lesões focais de fibrose, esclero-atrofia e infiltração adiposa, as quais foram interpretadas como seqüelas deixadas pela fase aguda. A miocardite encontrada foi focal e discreta. Foi examinado para complementação o material de um caso de forma crônica cardíaca no cão, o qual exibiu miocardite difusa com fibrose focal e intersticial e sinais de atividade do processo inflamatório, além de bloqueio de ramo direito e hemibloqueio anterior esquerdo. Assim, o modelo canino da doença de Chagas reproduz todas as fases da cardiopatia, tal como aparece no homem, sendo que as formas crõnicas sintomáticas são de reprodução experimental imprevisível. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar os aspectos da patologia da doença de Chagas no cão, tentar as suas correlações eletrocardiográficas, os seus aspectos evolutivos, com a finalidade de fornecer elementos para estudos futuros com o referido modelo experimental.Young dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi developed acute disease and were studied by pathologic, immunologic, parasitologic and eletrocardiographic methods. The main lesion was an acute myocarditis that began in the atria and propagated through the septum toward the ventricles and, when fully developed, predominated in the right atrium, the right half of the ventricular septum and the free wall of the right ventricle. ECG changes were progressive and reflected the predominant atrial involvement. Cardiac blocks appeared only at the terminal stages and coincided with severe inflammation and necrosis along the A-V conducting tissue. Specific treatment made in 15 dogs with severe acute disease frequently reversed both the histological and ECG changes. Ten animals went into a chronic asymptomatic stage of the infection, three of them after being treated, and were observed from periods of 8 months to 3 years. None of them developed signs of congestive cardiac failure. ECG changes were both non-specific and transient. However, there were focal areas of fibrosis, sclero-atrophy and fatty replacement within the conducting tissue of the heart, probably sequelae from the lesions occuring during the acute infection. There were focal and mild myocarditis in some of the cases. The chronic cardiac form of the disease was studied in microscopic slides from one typical case. This dog developed chronic progressive cardiac failure and complete right bundle branch block 18 months after inoculation. There were cardiomegaly and chronic progressive diffuse myocarditis with fibrosis. Thus, the canine model of Chagas' disease present all stages of the infection as seen in man. Digestive megas were not seen in the present material, but have been described by others. The experimental reproduction of the symptomatic chronic forms in the dog are unpredictable. The present paper aims at presenting the fundamental aspects of the pathology of Chagas's disease in the dog, which are necessary for future studies with the canine model.

Executou-se o presente trabalho com a finalidade de isolar o vírus da gripe do sangue e de órgãos de camundongos inoculados por via intracardíaca. A observação foi feita com intervalos de 3 a 120 dias após à inoculação. O isolamento do vírus apresentou algumas variações, conforme o tempo decorrido e o material examinado. A presente publicação foi feita em prosseguimento ás anteriores (1 e 2) que tratam da persistência do vírus da gripe em animais inoculados. Neste caso, inocularam-se camundongos brancos por via intracardíaca, ainda não experimentada por nós. In the present paper, the author describes the experiments made by the inoculation of PR8 strain of influenza virus in mice by intracardiac route. The virus persisted in the blood and various organs until 120 days after inculation. The presence of the virus in the blood and organs were irregular in relation with the number of mice which presented pulmonary lesions.

Em prosseguimento aos estudos sobre a ecologia de culicídeos que vimos realizando no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgãos (PNSO), apresentamos nesta oportunidade a sua distribuição vertical. Por meio de capturas feitas em isca humana concomitantemente ao nível do solo e nas imediações da copa das árvores, estabelecemos as tendências das espécies que ali ocorreram de março de 1981 a fevereiro de 1982, por se alimentarem de sangue na copa da floresta ou junto ao solo. A distribuição é analisada comparativamente em ambos os níveis levando-se em consideração as variações de temperatura, umidade, precipitações pluviométricas e estações do ano. Dentre as espécies com nítida preferência à acrodendrofilia encontramos alguns importantes transmissores de doenças: Anopheles cruzii - malária humana e simiana; Culex nigripalpus - encefalite de São Luis (SLE); Haemagogus leucocelaenus e Haemagogus capricornii - febre amarela silvestre, todas também sendo obtidas, embora em menor número, a nível do solo. Os sabetíneos - Wyeomyia Knabi, Phoniomyia theobaldi, Sabethes tarsopus, Sabethes quasicyaneus, Sabethes chloropterus - completam a relação das principais espécies que preferem a copa. Por outro lado, Aedes fluviatilis, Trichoprosopon digitatum, Tr. similis, Tr. frontosus, Tr. theobaldi, Wy, arthrostigma, Wy. aporonoma, Wy. personata, Wy undulata, Wy. mystes, Limatus durhami, Li. pseudomethisticus, Sa. identicus e Sa. undosus foram capturados em grande maioria próximo ao solo. In this paper we deal with the vertical distribution of the mosquitoes which we have been studying at the National Park of Serra dos Órgãos, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We have established, for a whole year, by means of concomitant weekly captures on human baits the preferences of the various species for feeding. A comparative analysis of the monthly vertical distribution is made, taking into account variations of temperature, humidity, rainfall and seasons of the year. Among the specimens with significant tendency for acrodendrophily we have found the following disease carriers: Anopheles cruzii - Humana and Simian Malarias; Culex nigripalpus - St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE); Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Ha. capricornii - Sylvan Yellow Fever, all for them also being present, though in smaller numbers, at the soil level. The sabethini: Wyemyia knabi, Phoniomyia theobaldi, Sabethes tarsopus, Sa. quasicyaneus and S. chloropterus complete the roll of the mains canopy feeders. On the other hand, Aedes fluviatilis, Trichoprosopon digitatus, Tr. fluviatilis, Tr. similis, Tr. frontosus, Tr. theobaldi, Wy. arthrostigma, Wy. aporonoma, Wy. mystes, Limatus durhami, L. pseudomesthisticus, Sa. identicus and Sa. undosus were captured normally, on baits close to the ground.

A fibrose do miocárdio foi, primitivamente, atribuída á cicatrização de infartos e á miocardite intersticial. Em data relativamente recente maior atenção veio despertar a miocitólise como outra causa capaz de produzi-la (SCHLESINGER & REINER, MAGARINOS TORRES). Descrevemos, neste trabalho, a miocitólise difusa do miocárdio como diversa da miocitólise focal, estudada por SCHLESINGER & REINER. Na cardiopatia crônica chagásica, a fibrose do miocárdio é aparentemente, o resultado da miocitólise difusa em menor escala associada á da miocaedite específica. Embora não patognomônica da doença de Chagas, a miocitólise difusa, em sua fase crõnica (figs. 3 a 11), por vêzes distinguida, devidamente, da miocardite intersticial, é constante e, não raro, extensa na cardiopatia crônica chagásica, fato a ser levado em conta quando tentado o seu diagnóstico microscópico. A raridade, porém com que é surpreendida a sua fase aguda (figs. 13 e 14) indica que ela se processa de maneira lenta, atingindo, apenas, raras fibras musculares, em cada momento concreto, circunstãncia essa que, de certo modo, virá dificultar o seu estudo pelo microscópio electrônico. A lesão de C. Magarinos torres (figs. 15, 16 e 17) não parece relacionada com a miocitólise, embora reconheça, provàvelmente, uma patogenia semelhante: anemia local condicionando perturbações no metabolismo das células musculares cardíacas. A destruição de células musculares, discreta em cada campo microscópico, porém difundida, exige evidentemente menos afluxo de sangue arterial, nas zonas em que a miocitólise é mais acentuada, fato que não poderia explicar o colapso das finas ramificações arteriais ocasionalmente encontrado (figs. 18, 20 e 22). A conservação de capilares sanguíneos do primitivo estroma do miocárdio distingue a fibrose resultante da miocitólise difusa (figs. 8, 9, 11 e 12) da que produz a miocardite intersticial crõnica. A acentuada congestão dos capilares (fig. 12) atesta o intenso grau de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva presente nos pacientes com cardiopatia crõnica chagásica autopsiados, assim como a existência de um círculo vicioso: congestão crônica, anóxia, perturbações do metabolismo nas células musculares, miocitólise. Os fatos aqui referidos reforçam a hipótese segundo a qual a forma cardíaca da doença de Chagas estaria sempre condicionada a lesões vasculares do coração além da miocardite específica ìntimamente associada. Myocardial fibrosis was formerly chiefly ascribed to healed infarcts and to interstitial myocarditis. Recently, however, more attention has been paid to myocytolysis as another possible source of fibrosis (SCHLESINGER & REINER, MAGARINOS TORRES). Besides focal myocytolysis of the myocardium well recognized in later years, another type-diffuse myocytolysis-is reported in this paper. In Chagas' heart disease fibrosis of the myocardium is largely the consequence of diffuse myocytolysis. In its chronic stage (figs. 3-11) which has been often mistaken for interstitial myocarditis, diffuse myocytolysis while not specific is always found and often extensive in Chagas' heart disease and this circumstance should be taken into account when attempted the micorscopic diagnosis of such condition. Its acute stage (figs. 13 and 14), is seldom found suggesting a slow progress for this process, as only a few myocardial fibers are attained at the same time. This point is worth considering when performing its study with the electron microscope. C. Magarinos Torres' lesion (figs. 15, 16 and 17) is likely not related to myocytolysis although both changes probably recognize identical pathogeny: metabolic disturbances in myocardial fibers induced by local anemia. The need for arterial blood supply is likely diminished in the areas of marked diffuse myocytolysis on account of extensive destruction of myocardial cells and this possibly accounts for collapse of small arterial branches (figs. 18, 20 and 22) occasionally found. The original stroma with preserved blood capillaries in the areas of the so-called "fibrosis" (figs. 8, 9, 11 and 12) distinguishes diffuse myocytolysis from chronic interstitial myocarditis. Marked dilatation of such capillaries (fig. 12) demonstrates the high degree of congestive cardiac insufficiency found in fatal cases of Chagas's heart disease and is indicative of a vicious circle: passive hyperemia, local anemia, metabolic disturbances in myocardial fibers, myocytolysis. Data here reported reinforce the concept that in Chagas' heart disease vascular changes intimately associated to a specific myocarditis are at work.

Two new species and three new sub-especies of the genus Gliricola are described in this paper. The former were found on a specimen of Cavia aperea from Santo Amaro, near the city São Paulo, and the latter on wild rats from several localities in Brazil. The parasites of Cavia aperea - G. spinosus and G. lindolphoi - are characterised by the male genitalia. That of G. spinosus is similar to that of G. porcelli, the type species of the genus, but is distinguished by two large hook-like spines on the copulatory sac; that of G. lindolphoi by possessing an appearence entirely its own, principally concerning the chitinous structure of the vesicula and the articulation parameres-basal plate. Several females were also found on the same host, the author inclining to consider them as G. spinosus but that might actually be G. porcelli or G. lindolphoi. The author considers the new rat parasites, and also G. fonsecai, sub-especies of G. decartatus, thus joining in a natural group closely allied forms wich may be recognised though small particularities of chaetotaxy found in the abdomen and the genital region of the females. The males are difficult to identify, although having small differences in the genitalia of some of them.

Prosseguindo nas suas experiências referentes à ação dos Raios X e do Radium sôbre vírus, iniciadas em 1953, quando verificaram que o vírus da gripe submetido a doses não elevadas de Raios X mostra-se com poder patogênica aumentando para camundongos, os autores, nas pesquisas referidas no presente trabalho, submeteram o vírus da poliomielite, amostra MEF1 do tipo 2, à ação de Raios X em doses que que foram de 307r até 3.408.500 r. Empregaram-se 2.140 animais, nas experiências aqui relatadas, o que permitiu conclusões seguras. Os autores observaram irregularidade no comportamento do vírus da poliomielite submetido à ação dos Raios X, no sentido de aumentar-lhe o poder patogênico, em relação com o vírus testemunha, não irradiado. Assinalaram a observação que fizeram sôbre a resistência do vírus seguramente a 3.101.000 r o que julgaram de interêsse registrar. A resistência quase desaparece a 3.386.000 r. Após aplicação de 3.408.500 r o vírus tornou-se inativo. The authors refered in the present paper the experiments made with poliomyelitis virus, type 2, strain MEF1, after exposition to X Rays in the Carrel flask in a fluid layer of 0,1 ml of the vírus suspension. The titrations of the irradiated virus were made after the exposition of the virus suspension from 307 r to 3.408.500 r. The authors observed irregularity in the behaviour of the irradiated virus in comparison with the control. The virus was less active after exposition from 1.021.000 r to 3.386.000 r than the control but still pathogenic for mice. After exposition to 3.408.500 r the virus was inactivated.

As experiências relatadas no presente trabalho visaram observar a persistência do vírus da gripe em hamsters inoculados pelas vias subcutânea, peritoneal e nasal. Usaram-se 53 hamsters na verificação da persistência do vírus nos seus organismos a qual atingiu até um ano e cinco meses, pelo menos, numa das séries de experiências. A outra parte do trabalho consistiu em verificar a passagem do vírus, em série, de hamster a hamster. Observamo-la até o máximo de nove vezes, o que foi excepcional, notando-se passagens, na série, com resultados negativos intercalados. Para esta última parte forma usados 91 hamsters, perfazendo o total de 144 em todas as experiências realizadas. In the present paper the author describes the experiments made by the inoculation of PR8 strain of influenza virus (routine passages 669 to 825 in mice) in hamsters by subcutaneous, peritoneal and nasal routes and also passages from inoculated hamster to normal hamsters in serial passages. The virus persisted at least until 515 days in one experiment (3rd). In another experiment (8th) the 9th passage was positive. The hamsters inoculated did not show signs of illness or lesions macroscopic of microscopic in the main organs after death.

Tentamos verificar, em algumas experiências, a ação oligodinâmica da prata sôbre os vírus da coriomeningite linfocitária benigna, amostra WE, da poliomielite, amostra MEF1, e da vacina, amostra do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, como o haviamos feito com o vírus da gripe, amostras PR8 e DL/Rio. Nas provas usamos recipientes de barro, recobertos de fina camada de prata na parede interna, ou aquêles em que a prata, sob a forma de pó se misturava ao próprio barro. Esses recipientes são denominados, no comércio, moringas esterilizantes. Colocou-se, no seu interior, a emulsão a 10% do tecido cerebral contendo o vírus da coriomeningite linfocitária ou da poliomielite, verificando-se o seu poder patogênico para camundongos, em intervalos regulares, pela injeção intracerebral de 0,03 ml do material. Os resultados, que podem ser vistos nos Quadros 1 e 2, indicam que aquêles virus resistem à ação oligodinâmica da prata. No caso do vírus da vacina, a diluição foi colocada, da mesma maneira, nos referidos recipientes. O vírus apresentou, também, completa resistência, conforme se vê nas figuras de 1, 2 e 3. Experiências testemunhas feitas com Micrococcus pyogenes e Escherichia coli, cujas suspensões foram igualmente colocadas nas moringas esterilizantes, revelaram que as bactérias não sobreviviam além de 20 horas. Frizamos, na publicação sôbre vírus da gripe, que o referido fenômeno é importante porque sabemos que o efieto oligodinâmico se observa sôbre microorganismos como bactérias, protozoários e outros seres vivos, alterando as suas propriedades ou matando-os sendo, portanto, interessante sob o ponto de vista biológico. O fenômeno pode ainda ser aplicado para o isolamento de vírus, quando em contaminação com bactérias. We have tried to verify, in some experiments, the silver oligodynamic action upon the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, WE strain the poliomyelitis virus, MEF1 strain, and the vaccinia virus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz strain, as we have done with the influenza virus, PR8 strain and DL/Rio strain. In the tests we used clay pitchers covered in the inner surface with a thin layer of silver of with powdered silver mixed with the clay material. The 10 per cent infectious cerebral emulsion of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or of the poliomyelitis virus were put into the pitcher and the pathogenic power for mice verified, at regular intervals, by the intracerebral injection of 0,03 ml. The results expressed in the tables 1 and 2 indicates that those viruses resist the silver oligodynamic action. In the case of the vaccinia virus, the dilution was put into the pitcher in the same way. The virus presented, too, complete resistence, as we can see in the figures 1, 2 and 3. Control experiments made with Micrococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli, put into the pitchers with silver, showed that the bacteriae were dead after 20 hours. As we emphasized in the paper about the influenza viruses, the reported phenomenon is important because we know that the oligodynamic effect is observed upon microorganisms like bacteria, protozoa and other living beeings altering its properties or killing them and, therefore, intersting from the biological point of view. The phenomenon can also be applied to the isolation of viruses with bacterial contamination.

São descritas as células glandulares das apófises do metatórax dos machos de alguns hesperidae. As apófises glândulas odoríferas já descritas morfològicamente na primeira parte dêste trabalho. Os orgãos compõem-se de elementos glandulares independentes e unicelulares cuja secreção é excretada de cada célula por uma escama odorifera e evaporada pela superfície da mesma. Os principais componentes das células glandulares são: a) corpo plasmático ativo que apresenta alterações citológicas típicas para as fases de repouso e de secreção, com zona basal de ergastoplasma e uma zona condutora incluindo um reservatório de secreção; b) o núcleo apresenta um aumento da superfície bem como, certas alterações durante as fazes de secreção, condicionadas pelas trocas entre núcleo e protoplasma; c) aparelho condutor de natureza quitinosa formado em tôdas as espécies pela inserção da escama. A respeito do aparelho condutor são descritos dois tipos de células glandulares: 1 - Células grandes com um canal muito prolongado que a atravessa em toda extensão; 2 - Células pequenas com canal condutor curto percorrendo sómente a parte apical da mesma. Ele ocupa uma posição simétrica ou assimétrica. O primeiro tipo encontra-se em espécies possuindo sómente êste aparelho como único órgão odorífero. O segundo tipo aparece em formas que têm, além das glândulas nas apófises, mais uma dobra costal também considerada como aparelho odorífero. Es werden die Druesenzellen der Apophysen des Metathorax der Maennchen einiger brasilianischer Hesperiden dargestellt. Die Apopysen beherbergen Duftdruesen, die im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit (BARTH, 1) erstmalig morphologisch beschrieben wurden. Die Druese ist ein komplexorgan mit einem druesigen Teil in den genannten Apophysen und einem verdunstenden Teil in Form eines Borstenpinsels an der Hintertibie. Die Druesenflaeche einer Apophyse setzt sich aus einzelligen, selbstaend gen Druesenelementen zusammen, die ihr Sekret durch jeweils eine Duftschuppe ausleiten und auf ihr verdunsten lassen. Die Druesenzelle entspricht der trichogenen Zelle der Duftschuppe. Die Hauptteile der Druesenzelle sind: a) sezernierender Plasmakoerper mit typischen cytologischen Veraenderungen waehrend der Ruhe-und Sekretionsphase, mit ergastoplasmatischer Basalzone und einer ebensolchen Ausleitungszone, die einen Sekretsammelraum einschliesst; b) Kern, der entsprechend dem trophischen Wechselspiel zwischen Kern und Protoplasma eine Vergroesserung der Oberflaeche erfahren hat und waehrend der Sekretionsphasen charakteristische Veraenderungen durchlaeuft. Die Kerne sind extrem polymorph; c) Ausleitungsapparat, der in jedem Falle von der Insertion der Schuppe gebildet wird und damit ch t niger Natur ist. In Bezug auf den Ausleitungsapparat werden zwei Druesentypen unterschieden: 1. grosse Zellen mit stark verlaengertem Kanalsystem, das die ganze Zelle durchlaeuft; 2. kleine Zellen mit kuerzerem Ausleitungsapparat, der nur in den apikalen Zellteil eindringt, bezw, nur eine Zellhaelfte der in diesem Falle asymmetrischen Zelle einnimmt. Der erste Typ findet sich bei Arten, die nur diesen Apparat als Duftorgan besitzen, waehrend der zweite Typ bei Formen gefunden wird die ausser den Apophysendruesen noch einen ebenfalls als Duftreinrichtung gedeuteten Constalumschlag tragen. Zur Beschreibung gelangen die Druesen von: Sebaldia busirus, Pellicia bromias und polyctor, Heliopetes arsalte und Hesperia syrichtus. Es werden verschiedene Funktionsstadien der Druesenzellen beschrieben, wobei die Kern-Plasma-Korrelation besonders deutlich in den grosszelligen Druessen von Sebaldia busirus und Pellicia bromias zum Ausdruck kommt. Waehrend der Sekretbildung waechst der Kern bedeutend durch Aufnahme von Fluessigkeit. Das Chromatin wird nicht vermehrt. Waehrend des Sekretausstosses aus dem Zellplasma gibt der Kern bedeutende Mengen fluessiger Substanzen ab, die wahrscheinlich katalysatorartig wirkende Regeneratoren fuer die Wiederherstellung der urspruenglichen Plasmastruktur darstellen. Diese trophische Wechselwirkung zwischen Kern und Plasma ist sowohl an den grosskernigen, wie an den kleinkernigen Zellen zu beobachten. The gland cells of the metathoracic apophyses of some Brazilian Hesperidae are descrived. The apophyses possess scent glands which were firstly descrived in the morphological part of this study (BARTH, 1). The gland represents a complex organ with a glandular part hidden in the mentioned apophyses, and with an evaporating part formed by a brush of bristles on the hand tibia. The gland surface of an apophyse is composed of unicellular and independent gland elements leading out their excretion each by means of a scent scale. The liquid apears on the surface of the scale for evaporation. The gland cells correspond to the trichogenic cells of the scent scales. The principal parts of each gland cell are: a) a secreting protoplasmic body with typical cytological alterations during the inactive and active phases, with an ergastoplasmic basal zone and a conduct apparatus of just the same material including a cavity for storage; b) a nucleus which, corresponding to the trophic correlation between nucleus and protoplasm, suffered an increasing of its surface and which runs through typical alterations during the phase of activity. The nulcei are extremly polymorphic. c) a conduct apparatus which in every case is formed by the insertion socket of the scale and, in consequence, is of cuticular nature. With regard to the conduct apparatus two types of glands are descrived: 1. large cells with a prolongated duct system running through the whole cell; 2. small cells with a shorter duct apparatus entering the apical part of the cell to occupy only one half of it, the cell thus becoming asymmetrical. The first type is found in species which possess only this apparatus as a scent organ, while the second one occurs in species which, in addition to the glands in the apophyses, have one more scent aparatus formed by a costal fold. This paper deals with the following species: Sebaldia busirus, Pellicia bromias, Pellicia polyctor, Heliopetes arsalte and Hesperia syrichtus. Different phases of function of the gland cells are descrived. The correlation between the nucleus and the protoplasm becomes specially distinct in the glands with big cells, in Sebaldia busirus and Pellicia bromias. During the formation of the scent material the nucleus grows considerably by taking up fluid substances, while the chromatic mass does not increase. Simultaneous with the expulsion of the liquid out of the protoplasm of the gland cells the nucleus excretes an important quantity of fluid substances which probably represents regenerators which, reacting like catalysatores, restore the original structure of protoplasm.

Em continuação aos estudos dos trematódeos monogenéticos da Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, descrevemos no presente trabalho uma espécie do gênero Loimos MacCallum, 1917, Loimolinae Price, 1936, loimoidae Bychowsky, 1957 que consideramos nova para a ciência, e assinalamos nova ocorrência de Tagia ecuadori (Meserve, 1938) Sproston, 1946, Tagiinae Yamaguti, 1963, Diclidophoridae Najibina & Obonikova, 1971, no Atlântico Sul. Loimos scitulus sp. n. diferencia-se das outras espécies do gênero pelos seguintes caracteres: forma e estrututra do proaptor, oótipo grande, número de testículos, posição do poro genital, filamento do ovo e forma de opistaptor. Dentre as diferenças dadas Loimos scitulus sp. n. aproxima-se de L. salpinggoides pela estrutura do proaptor, de L. secundus pela posição do poro genital; de L. winteri pelo opistaptor. Quanto aos exemplares de Tagia ecuadori por nós estudados, apesar de ter sido evidenciada uma vagina, identificamos a esta espécie, por apresentar estruturas e medidas que se enquadram nas variações dadas pelos estudiosos do grupo. In this paper we describe a new Monogenetic Trematode of the genus Loimos MacCallum, 1917 (Loimolinae Price, 1936; Loimoidae Bychowsky, 1957) from the gills of Scolidoni serraenovae (Rich), and we give a new record for Tagia ecuadori (Meserve, 1938) Sproston, 1946, at the south Atlantic Coast, with a brief description. Loimos scitulus sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus by the form of the proaptor, by the big ootipe, by the number of testicles, by the position of the genital pore, by the filament of the egg and by the form of the opistaptor. There are simmiliarities with the proaptor of Loimos salpinggoides; with the position of the genital pore of Loimos secundus; and with the opistaptor of Loimos winteri. Although the specimen of Tagia ecuadori were found to have a muscular vagina, we identified them to this species for all the structures and measures are in the variation given for this group.

Nos ultimos annos teem sido observadas mortandades de peixes nos rios do Estado de S. Paulo. Vê-se, das informações obtidas pelo autor e por outros pesquisadores, que o phenomeno não parece novo entre nós; elle tem sido tambem verificado em outros rios do Brasil, embora não repetido com tanta regularidade como agora. Ficou demonstrado no presente trabalho, tratar-se de uma doença contagiosa, causada por um virus filtravel. Apparecem, a principio, alguns peixes doentes ou mortos; seu numero cresce muito nos dias seguintes. Parece serem atacados logo a maioria dos peixes do local onde ella surge porque, em 2 a 3 dias adoecem milhares e, em poucos, 8 a 15, decresce rapidamente o numero de animaes doentes e mortos. Nesse tempo a doença propagou-se a outros rios, relacionados com o primeiro, a montante ou a jusante delle, até muito distante do ponto onde começou a doença. A doença caracterisa-se clinicamente pela diminuição da capacidade motora dos peixes, que se movem com pouca actividade, deixando-se levar pela correnteza ou procurando permanecer nos pontos remansosos do rio; e pela tendencia a subir á superficie das aguas, em posição vertical ou obliqua, differente dos peixes sãos, que sobem horizontalmente. No inicio da doença os peixes defendem-se da captura, mais tarde são facilmente apprehendidos com a mão. As lesões se resumem em manchas, de tamanho variavel, situadas de cada lado do dorso. Essas manchas nem sempre são presentes. Mais constante é a congestão das nadadeiras, principalmente das nadadeiras peitoraes. Internamente ha augmento de muco na garganta, pallidez do figado e congestão da vesicula biliar, cuja bile é amarellada. Essas lesões internas tambem não são constantes. A doença transmitte-se: directamente, pela cohabitação de peixes seguramente sãos com peixes doentes, ou pela juncção de virus á água contendo peixes sãos; indirectamente, pela agua contaminada, ou pela agua filtrada em vela Chamberland F, cuja integridade foi verificada bacteriologicamente. O virus causador da doença é attenuado e destruido em temperaturas acima de 15° ou só age bem sobre peixes conservados em agua com temperaturas proximas de 12°. Conserva-se perfeitamente a 0°. Esta particularidade explica a coincidencia da doença sempre no inverno e nos rios de menor volume, onde as mudanças bruscas de temperatura são possiveis. Entretanto, a agua fria por si só não reproduz a doença nos animaes testemunhas, collocados em aquarios ao lado dos infectados, em todas as experiencias. A vista desta particularidade foi dada á doença a denominação de cryoichtyozoose. Verificações histologicas revelaram nos peixes doentes um processo inflammatorio na mucosa buccal, cujas cellulas apresentavam inclusões acidophilas, suggerindo-se então o nome estomatite contagiosa dos peixes, mais apropriado que o nome anterior, porque tem um substracto anatomico para a especificação da doença. Essas lesões permittem um diagnostico da doença a posteriori e á distancia. Investigações feitas sobre a etiologia permittiram afastar todas as outras causas conhecidas de mortandades em peixes: bacteiras, protozoarios, agentes physicos, incluindo o frio, e agentes chimicos, occasionando todos lesões bem conhecidas nesses animaes. Além disso, taes causas são facilmente constatadas por technicas simples de laboratorio ou pelo aspecto dos peixes atacados. Na «discussão» do assumpto ficou patente haver analogias dessa doença com certas mortandades observadas em outros paizes, particularmente com a estudada por Huxley, nos rios do Sul da Escossia, observada durante varios annos. Não é impossivel, tambem, que algumas das doenças descriptas em peixes como causadas por bacterias ou parasitos, sem prova segura da pathogenia desses agentes pathogenicos, tenham sua origem em agentes da mesma natureza da doença de S. Paulo. During the past few years there has been observed a dying of fishes in the rivers of the Brazilian State of São Paulo. It is evident, from information obtained by the author and by other investigators, that the phenomenon does not appear to be new among us; it has also been verified in other Brazilian rivers, although not repeated with such regularity as at the present time. In the present paper it is demonstrated that we have to do with a contageous disease, caused by a filterable virus. The epizooty manifests itself by the appearance of some dead or sick fish; the number increasing very much during the suceeding days. It seems that at the outset a majority of the fishes is attacked, in the locality where it appears, for in 2 or 3 days, thousands are affected, and in a short time, 8 to 15 days, there is a rapid decline in the number of ill and dead animals. During this interval the disease spread to affluents of the first river, either above or below the first point of attack, and to a considerable distance from it. Clinically, the disease is characterised by the leassened motor capacity of the fishes, which move very slowly, allowing themselves to be carried by the current, or trying to remain the coves and at the margins of the river; and by the tendency of rising to the surface in an oblique or verticle, position, different from the healthy fish, which rise in a horizontal position. In the initial stage of the disease, the fish actively resist capture, but later on they can be easily taken with the hands. The visible lesions are restricted to spots, of variable size, situated at each side of the dorsum. These spots are frequent but not always present. A more constant character is the congestion of the fins, especially the pectoral fins. Interiorly, there is noted an increase of the mucus in the troath, paleness of the liver with congestion of the gall bladder, the gall being yellowish in colour. These internal lesions also are not constant. The disease is transmitted: directly, by the cohabitation of fish undoubtedly healthy with diseased fish, or by the contamination of the water containing healthy fish by the virus; indirectly, buy placing healthy fish in contaminated water, or in this water filtered through a Chamberland F candle, verified bacteriologically to be free from cracks. The virus do not cause the disease or is destroyed by temperatures above 15° C., or is active on fishes at the temperature of about 12° C. It retains its virulence perfectly at 0° C. This particularity explains the coincidence of the disease always appearing in the winter and in the smaller rivers, in which sudden variations of temperature appeared. However, cold water alone did not produce the disease in healthy test animals, placed in aquaria by the side of the infected fish, in all of the experiments. Because of this characteristic, the disease has been designated as « cryoichthiozoose ». Further histologic investigations shows in sick fishes inflammatory process in the mouth, whose cells show acidophil inclusions. The name « Contagious estomatitis of fishes » was proposed giving a anatomical substrat to the disease, instead the first name. This lesions do permit a further and distant diagnosis of the disease. It was verified that all other known agents causing dying of fishes, such as bacteria, protozoa, physical agents, including low temperature, chemical agents, all causing well known lesions in fishes, could be excluded. Aside from this, they are easily verified by simple laboratory techniques or by the lesions produced in the fishes attacked. In the « discussion » of the subject, it was evident that analogies exist between this disease and certain fish mortalities observed in other countries, especially that studied by Huxley and observed during several years in the rivers of Southern Scotland. It is also possible that some of the fish diseases described as caused by bacteria or animal parasites, but without sure proof of the pathogenicity of these agents, have the same etiology as the disease of the São Paulo rivers, here described.

Com o fim de produzir o fenômeno de KOCH, os A. A. inocularam em 30 leprosos da Colônia Mirueira (Recife), de várias idades e formas clínicas, emulsões vivas de três culturas de bacilos ácido-álcool resistentes isolados de leprosos pro um dêles (S.A.). As doses inoculadas foram de 0,2 cc., por via intradérmica, em cada doente, das amostras "CII", "E" e "H" e mais da Leprolina S.A. (antígeno morto). No 10º dia da inoculação verificou-se que 24 dos 30 pacientes tiveram reação geral intensa; 2, reação moderada e 4, nenhuma reação geral. 16 dos 30 tiveram reação leprótica, sendo 10 em casos ativos (lepromatosos) e 6 em inativos, e 17 dos 30 tiveram adenopatias inguinais. O inóculo "CII" produziu escaras de 1 x 1 e 2 x 2 cm. de diâmetro, com destruição total da pele, nos 30 pacientes (o total dêles); o inóculo "E" produziu escaras de igual intensidade em 29, o inóculo "H", escaras muitos mais benignas em 23, e a Leprolina em 10, naturalmente por ação concomitante de um dos outros três inóculos. No 10º dia foram semeadas em meio de LOEWENSTEIN secreções das escaras de sete dos 30 doentes, num total de 20 tubos, dos quais 19 produziram retroculuras, a amioria contaminada por fungos ou por bactérias cianófilas. De um doente foi obtido retrocultura cromogênica da escara produzida na intradérmoreação pela "Leprolina S. A.", macro e microscòpricamente indiferencável das amostras "CII" e "E". Aliás, pela extensiva experimentação feita com estas duas amostras, estamos nos inclinando por considerá-las como idênticas. No 18º dia da inoculação foram feitos 30 esfregaços de secreções de lesões experimentais de 13 doentes, com 15 resultados positivos (50%), apesar do exame tardio. As morfologias macro e microscópica das retroculturas obtidas em Recife confirmam os caracteres descritos nas culturas originais. Dêste rápido ensaio se conclui que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou o fenômeno de KOCH parcial ou integral, com as clássicas reações gerais, focais e locais. A falta de recursos de laboratório na Colônia não permitiu melhor aproveitamento de tão precioso material experimental, e por isso êste trabalho apresenta várias lacunas.With the aim to produce the KOCH's phenomenon, the A. A. incoulated 30 lepers of the Colonia Mirueira (Recife), from various ages and clinical types, with alive suspensios of three strains of acid-fast bacilli isolated from lepers. Each volunteer received three intradermical inoculations in his thighs, of 0.2 c.c. each from strains "Chaves II", "Emília", and "Hecke" and in his left forea rom 0.2 c.c. of Leprolina S.A. (killed antigen). At the 10th day of inoculation were verified that 24 out of the 30 volunteers had severe general reaction, 2, moderate ones and 4, nothing. 16 out of the 30 had leprosy reaction, being 10 lepromatous cases and 6 inactive oens. The inoculum "C II" produced craters, of 1 x 1 and 2 x 2 cm. diameter in the 30 patients (total), craters with complete destruction of the skin; the inoculum "E" did the same in 29, of equal severety and the inoculum "H" did only in 23, but lesions of minor severety and the "L" produced craters in ten patients, evidently due to the concomitant action of one of the three inocula. At the same 10th day were inoculated secretions onto 20 tubes of LOEWENSTEIN medium of seven patients. 18 days later were seen developpment of retrocultures in 19 ou 20 tubes, the mojority being contaminated by fungs or cyanophile bacteria. From one patient (nº 16) was recovered a chromogenic culture from his Leprolin-test, macro and microscopically undistinguishable from strain "C II" or "E", which, based on a large experimentation the senior writer is inclined to consider as identical. At the 18 th day were made smears from lesions of 13 patients, 30 in total with 15 positive (50%) for one or another of the inocula. The macro and microscopical morphologies of the recovered cultures (retrocultrues) coincide with the characteristics of the original cultures from which the inocula were made. In conclusion, the majority of the patients showed partial or integral KOCH's prenomenon, with its classical general, local and focal reactions. By lack of laboratory resource, at the leper Colony, the precious material available from this series of experiments were not used, resulting in omissions of various kind in this paper.

No presente trabalho são descriptas as alterações anatomo-pathologicas do baço na anemia drepanocytica (anemia falciforme, Sicklecell anemia) A observação refere-se a um menino de 12 annos de edade, de côr preta, o qual veio a fallecer em consequencia de processo de trombo-phlebite cerebral e de leptomeningite. A doença não foi reconhecida durante a vida e sómente pelo exame dos córtes histologicos do baço é que foi estabelecido o diagnostico de anemia drepanocytica, apresentando o baço as alterações peculiares á doença. In the present paper, the pathologico-anatomical changes of spleen in drepanocytic anemia are described (Sickle-cell anemia). In the case history, a 12 years old negro boy is concerned, who died in consequence of a cerebral thrombophlebitis process and leptomeningitis. The disease had not been recognized during life, and only on examination of the histological sections of the spleen the diagnosis of drepanocytic anemia was made, as this organ presented changes which are peculiar of the disease.

É apresentada uma revisão das recentes aquisições na anemia ancilostomótica, assinalando a importância de alimentação qualitativamente deficiente junto á infestação helmíntica na gênese desta doença. Acentuou-se que a anemia ancilostomótica é uma doença de carência. Profilaxia clássica da Ancilostomose resume-se em evitar a infestação do homem pelos ancilostomídeos. Critica-se a aplicabilidade destas medidas e eficiência das mesmas no que diz respeito á incidência da anemia. O presente trabalho mostra aquisições preliminares sôbre fundamentos de uma profilaxia de carência (tipo profilaxia do bócio endêmico) da anemia ancilostomótica, baseada na administração de alimentos contaminados por um sal de ferro. As misturas sulfato ferroso-farinha de mandióca e citrato férrico amoniacal-caldo de feijão, mostraram-se eficientes em prevenir a queda das cifras hemáticas durante largos períodos de tempo em indivíduos maciçamente infestados (6-8 meses). Não foi verificada a dose diária mínima eficiente dêstes sais, obtendo-se resultados satisfatorios mesmo com 0.1 g diária de sulfato ferroso (correspondendo a 0.037 g de ferro metálico). Numerosos alimentos e sais de ferro foram experimentados com resultados infrutíferos por diferentes razões. A influência dos helmintos, pela hemorragias intestinais que acarretam poude ser mais uma vez estudada, nos casos de sais de ferro administrados em doses ineficientes ou em períodos de prova sem medicação marcial. É proposta nova classificação de intensidade de infestação, levando em consideração o conhecido fato de ser a atividade dos helmintos, exclusivamente expoliadora. Em conclusão, nos parece exequível a profilaxia da anemia ancilostomótica mediante ingestão de alimentos contaminados por quantidades eficientes de sais de ferro. Êste método profilático extremamente econômico será na prática, provàvelmente, muito superior aos métodos de profilaxia anti-helmíntica, que além de onerosos são pouco práticos, pois interferem em hábitos enraizados nas populações rurais. A review of the recent advances in the mechanism of hookworm anemia is presented, pointing out the importance of a qualitatively defective nutrition in the genesis of this disease. The carencial aspect of hookworm anemia is emphasized. The accepted prophylaxia of hookworm disease limits itself to avoiding human infestation by the ancylostomidae. This method is criticized as a pratical means of eradicating the anemia in rural population. This paper deals with preliminary studies to build up a carencial type of prophylaxis in hookworm anemia (as in prophylaxis of endemic goitre) based on the administration of iron salts, in the food usually consumed in Brazil. The mixtures ferrous sulphate and mandioca flour or amoniacal ferric citrate and baked beans, have been able to prevent anemia in patients heavely infested. during long periods of time (6-8 months). the minimus efficient daily doses of iron needed to maintain normal blood levels have not been precisely ascertained, but even 0.1 g of ferrous sulphate (37 mg of metalic iron) daily in mandioca flour was satisfatory for that purpose. Different foods and iron salts have been tried with no results, for different reasons. When iron salts were administered in insufficient doses, the progressive evolution of the anemia was observed in detail. In conclusion the use of iron salts in suficient quantities mixed to usual food is advised as a prophylatic method is hookworm anemia. A campaign of this type can be accomplished at extremely low cost, and probably has definite advantages over the classical prophylaxis, whose methods interferes with rooted habits of people of rural areas and therefore give very poor practical results.

O autor estudou a ação inativante, sôbre o complemento de cobaia, alguns venenos de serpentes brasileiras pertencentes às famílias dos Elapideos e Crotalideos. Da primeira, foi utilizado veneno de Micrurus frontalis, da segunda, foram usados venenos de espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Crotalus (C. terrificus) e Bothrops (B. atrox, B. neuwiedii, B. jararaca, B. ja-raracussú, B. cotiara e B. alternata). O venenos de M. frontalis e C. terri¬ficus se revelaram incapazes de inativar o complemento, ao passo que os diversos de Bothrops empregados se mostraram altamente inativantes, destruindo sempre o 4.° componente do complemento (C4), fração idêntica à afetada pela ação da amônea. The author shows in this paper the results of the inactivation of com¬plement or alexin by some Brazilian snakes venoms of the Elapideae and Cro¬talideae families. The venom of Micrurus frontalis (Elapideae family) and of Crotalus terrificus (Crotalideae family) did not destroy the complement; but the venoms of Bothrops generus (B. atrox, B. neuwiedii, B. jararaca, B. jararacussú, B. cotiara e B. alternata), (Crotalideae family) are highly active in the inactivation complement, always destroing the fourth component, whichis exactly the same component that is detroyed by ammonia.

The present paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the genus Ormiophasia Townsend, 1919, based mainly on the male genital characters. Five new species are described from Brazil.

Os autores apresentam seis tabelas, distribuídas de acôrdo com o relêvo do solo, onde tôdas as áreas estudadas nos Estados de Santa Catarina e Paraná são paresentadas com os índices trabalhados. No texto é realçado o valor quantitativo do índice "MK". A possibilidade de deduzir-se um fator de correção que representam um novo índice qualitativo (α), não pôde ser sustentada. Os autores, também, procurando relacionar a fitossociologia das áreas trabalhadas com o índice qualitativo correspondente (sociologia dos anofelíneos), acharam três tipos bastante diferentes de habitats para o subgênero Kerteszia na região. Concluindo, os mesmos, realçam que a presente nota apenas visa um subsídio a novos métodos ecológicos no estudo dêsses problemas. The authors present six tables, distributed in accordance with the soil relief, where all the studied areas in the States of Santa catarina and Paraná (brasil), are presented with the index statistic work. The quantitative value of the "MK" index is brought forward. The authors have arrived as the conclusions that the index "α" previonsly presented ar a conection factor is not consistent with the studies performed in the field. The authors, also in an effort of reporting the phytosociology of the worked areas with the corresponding index of quality (sociology of the anopheline), found three different types of habitats for the subgenus kerteszia in the region. In conclusion, the authors point out that the present paper only aims at a new introduction to new ecological methods, in the study of these problems. Die Autoren veroeffentlichen sechs Tabellen, verteilt in Uebereinstimmung mit dem Bodenrelief, in denen alle bearbeiteten Waldflaechen in den Staaten Santa Catarina und Paraná mit den betreffenden Indices dargestellt sind. Im Text heben sie den quantitativen Wert des Index "MK" hervor. Die moegliche Ableitung eines Korrektionsfaktors, der einen neuen qualitativen Index (α) darstellen koennte, kan nicht erwiessen werden. Die Autoren fanden, indem sie versuchen die Phytosoziologie der bearbeiteten Flaechen mit dem korrespondierenden qualitativen Index (Soziologie der Anophelinen) in Beziehung zu bringen, drei gut differenzierte Typen von "Habitats" fuer die Untergattung Kerteszia in dem betreffenden Gebiet. Zum Schluss heben sie hervor, dass die vorliegende Mitteilung nur auf neue oekologische Methoden im Studium dieser Probleme hinweisen soll.

No presente trabalho é feita a revisão da subfamília Atactorhynchinae Petrostschenko, 1956. Para o gênero Floridosentis Ward, 1953, o estudo é baseado em exemplares do material tipo, além de outros encontrados parasitnando três peixes do gênero Mugil (Parati), provenientes de Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro. Quanto ao gênero Atactorhynchus Chandler, 1935, o nosso estudo foi baseado na descrição original de Chandler e do trabalho de Golvan sobre a classe dos Eoacanthocephala (Van Cleave, 1936). In this paper, the authors revise the sub-family Atactorhynchinae Petrotschenko, 1956, after studying types of Floridosentis mugilis (Machado Filho, 1951) and material recovered from intestine of Mugil sp. from Cabo Frio, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. They confirm what was suggested by Bullock, 1962, about a new combination for the type species of Floridosentis Ward, 1953. For this reason, they make F. elongatus, synonym of F. mugilis Machado Filho, 1951. Besides they also enlarge the subfamily diagnosis and add a table showing the maind differences between the two genera under Atactorhynchinae Petrotschenko, 1956.

In this paper, preliminary to a series of investigations that the A. has the purpose to make about the influence of climatic factors particularly upon the prevalence of the most important acute infectious diseases in Brazil, he raises the question whether such factors do affect in this country the total death rates, as it is reasonable to suppose, according to what has been observed in temperate zones of northern and southern hemispheres. The inclusion of absolute humidity among other climatic factors to be dealt with seems justifiable according to Rogers and Stallybrass. Owing to scarcety of reliable data the A. was obliged to limit to a five-years period (1940-1944) the complete proposed investigation, which includes seven of the most important cities, scattered throughout the brazilian territory, from north to south - Belem, recife, Salvador, Rio, S. Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre. Reference is made to their normal climatic conditions and monthly death-rates variations with their mean values and standard deviations. In a first part dealing with seasonal variations only for purposes of comparison, he points out that in there tropical cities of Brazil, without very clear seasonal differentiation, the curve of general mortality reached its highest point in austral autumn season and the remaining four (including Rio near the tropic) in the spring, with the exception of Curitiba, where the peak coincided with the summer season. He shows how such important causes of deaths, as diarrheas, common respiratory diseases and tuberculosis, whose seasonal distribution for each one of the seven cities is referred, may explain such seasonal variations. On a second part, a study is made of the general mortality distribution by four-months periods selected in accordance respectively with the highest or lowest values of rainfall and of mean temperature and humidity during period 1940-1944. Finally he compares the monthly waves of such climatic factors and the corresponding waves of total death - rates and finds through correlation coefficients 17 significant values with respect to their standard errors. Variations in the death - rates seemed to be perhaps more closely and uniformly associated with variations of mean humidity, as is indicated by coefficients ranging from + 0.3 to 0.6.

No presente trabalho é feito um estudo de cinco trematódeos monogenéticos pertencentes à família Capsalidae Baird, 1853. Para a subfamília Benedeniinae Johnston, 1931, foram criadas duas espécies pertencenteso ao gênero Benedenia Diesing, 1858: Benedenia pompatica sp. n., que muito se assemelha a Benedenia sciaenae (Beneden, 1852), diferindo desta principalmente pela estrutura do 2º e 3º pares de macroganchos e Benedenia innobilitata sp. n. que mais se aproxima de Benedenia jaliscana Bravo-Hollis, 1951, afastando-se desta espécie pela ausência do cirro armado e também pela estrutura e localização da vagina. Da subfamília Trochopodiane (Price, 1936) são apresentados novos hospedadores: Lepidotrigla cavillone para Trochopus pini (Beneden & Hesse, 1863) e Serranus cabrilla para Megalocotyle grandiloba Paperna e Kohn, 1964, sendo apresentadas com novas descrições e ilustrações. Ainda desta subfamília é criada uma nova espécie do gênero Allomegalocotyle (Robinson, 1961) Yamaguti, 1963. A. gabbari sp. n. diferencia-se de A. johnstoni (Robinson, 1961), única espécie do gênero, pela morfologia dos macroganchos, localização do poro vaginal e vesícula seminal bem desenvolvida e externa. In this paper we make a study of five monogenetic trematodes of the family Capsalidae Baird, 1853. We describe two new species of the genus Benedenia Diesing, 1858, Benedeniinae Johnston, 1931: Benedenia pompatica sp. n., which is very similar to Benedenia sciaenae (Beneden, 1852) abd differs from it mainly by the structure of the second and third pair of the haptoral hooks; and Benedenia innobilitata sp. n. near to Benedenia jaliscana Bravo-Hollis, 1951 does not have the armed cirrus, proper to the last and the structure and position of the vagina is also a considered characteristic. For the subfamily Trochopodinae (Price, 1936) we give new hosts: Lepidotrigla cavillone for Trochopus pini (Beneden & Hesse, 1863) and Serranus cabrilla for Megalocotyle grandiloba Paperna & Kohn, 1964, and we also redescribe and illustrate them. Under this subfamily we also propose a new species of the genus Allomegalocotyle (Robinson, 1961) by the morphology of the haptoral hooks, the position of the vaginal aperture and the big external seminal vesicle.

Os autores resumem os conhecimentos atuais sobre eliptocitose normal e patologica. Apresentam 20 verificações em individuos normais, cujos resultados mostraram uma excentricidade menor que a descrita por autores europeus: 2.000 hematias em 20 individuos normais. I 71, II 26, III 3, IV 0, I.E. 1,06, E.E. 3. Confirmaram a hipereliptocitose na anemia perniciosa. Descrevem um caso de hiperexcentricidade constitucional, cujo resultado manteve-se constante durante 5 anos. Por fim descrevem em um caso fatal de leucemia reticulo-endotelial uma hiperexcentricidade bastante acentuada: 300 hematias observadas I 14, II 27, III 35, IV 24, I.E. 5,63, E.E. 59. Medindo a excentricidade das hematias apresentadas em microfotografias e desenhos de diversos trabalhos referentes á leucemia monocitica ou reticulo-endotelial, verificaram no resultado global uma hiperexcentricidade bem nitida. The authors summarize all that is known at the present time about normal and pathological eliptocytosis. They present 20 observations of normal persons, the results of which showed a smaller excentricity than that described by the European authors: 2000 red cells in 20 normal persons. I 71, II 26, III 3, IV 0, I.E. 1,06, E.E. 3. They reassured the fact of a hypereliptocytosis in pernicious anemia. A case of constitutional hyperexcentricity is detailed in which the result was constant during 5 years. Lastly they describe in a fatal case of reticulo-endothelial leucemia a highly pronounced hyperexcentricity: 300 red cells observed I 14, II 27, III 35, IV 24, I.E. 5,63, E.E. 59. Measuring the excentricity of the red cells shown in the microphotographs and sketches of several papers dealing with monocytic or reticulo-endothelial leucemia, the authors verified in the final result, a very clear hiperexcentricity.

Foi pesquisada a capacidade transmissora do Aëdes (O.) lepidus em relação ao Plasmodium gallinaceum. Êste mosquito comportou-se como ótimo vector, apresentando elevado índice oocístico e esporozoítico e produzindo a malária por picada em animais sensíveis (pintos e frangos). The observations reported in this paper indicate that the recently describeb Aëdes (O.) lepidus is a very good vector of Plasmodium gallinaceum, transmitting the malarial infection to chicks of varying ages.