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Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Vegetarian and plant-based diets have been studied with the aim of reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To describe the effects of vegetarian and plantbased diets on lipid profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out with randomized clinical trials from 2015 to 2020, indexed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Portal BVS and Portal CAPES. Health descriptors and Boolean terms were used for greater sensitivity and specificity. Eligibility criteria included only randomized clinical trials, articles that compared a vegetarian or plantbased diet with the control group and that used at least one cardiovascular risk assessment parameter in the analysis of results. Results and Discussion: Ten articles were included in this systematic review. Significant reductions were demonstrated in the levels of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, Body Mass Index and inflammatory markers in the selected studies, without considerable changes in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The strict vegetarian diet presented relevant results when compared to conventional treatment or to reference diets in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Conclusion: Vegetarian and plant-based diets showed favorable results in metabolic rates. More studies are needed to carry out the adequate indication in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the diversity of Amazon fruits with potential functional activity, Solanum americanum which contains bioactive compounds that have potential to reduce weight gain, modulates metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative processes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the centesimal composition of this fruit and effects of Solanum americanum ingestion in rats. The centesimal composition was determined and two groups were constituted receiving by intubation (gavage) either water - control group (CO n=5) or 0.3214 ml of the fruit by 100 g body weight - experimental group (MP n=10). Feed intake and weight gain were measured (g) daily and at the end of the trial blood was collected for biochemical determinations (mg dl-1). Solanum americanum presented 81.36 ± 0.77 g of humidity, 3.58 ± 0.43 g of ashes, 0.24 ± 0.003 g of protein, 0.13 g ± 0.01 of lipids, 14.70 g of total carbohydrates, with pH 4.39 ± 0.02 and titratable acidity of 0.69 ± 0.02 g citric acid 100 g-1. MP group consumed less feed (25.05 ± 3.72) than CO group (28.34 ± 2.93) (p=0.018) suggesting that the fruit consumption may have provided a greater satiety that might have reflected on the trend to weight gain reduction in MP group (p=0.21). There was a tendency towards the blood glucose (90.90 ± 22.09) (p=0.47) and cholesterol (107.60±16.58) (p=0.54) reduction in MP group The aforementioned effects can be possibly attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds, which makes the consumption of this ripened fruit a sustainable option for management of chronic degenerative diseases.

Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentro da diversidade de frutos da Amazônia com potencial atividade funcional, Solanum americanum, que contém compostos bioativos com potencial para reduzir o ganho de peso, modula o metabolismo, processos inflamatórios e oxidativos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal desse fruto e os efeitos da ingestão de Solanum americanum em ratos. A composição centesimal foi determinada e dois grupos foram constituídos recebendo intubação (gavagem), grupo controle de água (CO n = 5) ou 0,3214 ml da fruta por 100 g de peso corporal - grupo experimental (MP n=10). A ingestão de ração e o ganho de peso foram medidos (g) diariamente e no final do estudo, o sangue foi coletado para determinações bioquímicas (mg dl-1). Solanum americanum apresentou 81,36 ± 0,77 g de umidade, 3,58 ± 0,43 g de cinzas, 0,24 ± 0,003 g de proteína, 0,13 g ± 0,01 de lipídios, 14,70 g de carboidratos totais, com pH 4,39 ± 0,02 e acidez titulável de 0,69 ± 0,02 g ácido cítrico 100 g-1. O grupo MP consumiu menos ração (25,05 ± 3,72) do que o grupo CO (28,34 ± 2,93) (p=0,018), sugerindo que o consumo de frutas pode ter proporcionado uma maior saciedade que pode ter refletido na tendência de redução do ganho de peso no grupo MP (p=0,21). Houve uma tendência à redução da glicemia (90,90 ± 22,09) (p 0,47) e colesterol (107,60 ± 16,58) (p=0,54) no grupo MP Os efeitos mencionados acima podem ser atribuídos à presença de compostos bioativos, o que torna o consumo desse fruto amadurecido é uma opção sustentável para o manejo de doenças degenerativas crônicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objectives: We performed a systematic review, with the aim of identifying the main evidence of the use of coconut oil, safflower oil and conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat. Materials and methods: The study included only the results of meta-analyzes, clinical trials, case-control studies and case series conducted in humans, published in the last 10 years. Results: The evidences showed that supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid or safflower oil in addition to promoting thermogenic action, provided changes in anthropometric parameters in most studies, with significant reduction in weight, BMI and body fat. Discussion: The results were more evident in studies that combined supplementation with diet and regular physical exercise, which puts in doubt the action of these supplements. No evidence was found that ensure that coconut oil decrease body fat. Conclusion: Depending on the findings of dubious character of these oils supplementation, the differences in methods used in the studies and the lack of mechanisms involved in the results, it is concluded that this type of supplementation has no effect on body fat reduction, necessitating a greater number of studies that prove their efficiency and safety.

The aim of this systematic review was assess the literature, comparing and analyzing the effect of high-intensity, exercise on aerobic and anaerobic, oxidation of body fat. The research was performed in electronic databases Portal Capes, Pubmed, Bireme and SciELO Brazil. Documents were searched from 2001 through 2012 and identified and selected 185 articles that addressed the desired words of search. After reading the complete articles, 25 were included, which met the following inclusion criteria: statistics of obesity globally and nationally, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, aerobic exercise and anaerobic low and high intensity and EPOC Zone FatMax. For the analysis of the studies, we considered the following aspects: Identification and quantification of studies, author, type of study, year of publication, sample location, reference for comparison between aerobic exercise and anaerobic low and high intensity VS acid oxidation acids, identification of EPOC and heart rate in Zone FatMax. The regular aerobic and anaerobic exercises are important factors in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and increased plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Both the strength exercise as aerobic promotes substantial benefits to health and fitness, including most of the risk factors of obesity. Physical activity can reverse the increasing prevalence of obesity, contributing through acute and chronic physiological changes. The review suggests that to obtain great energy expenditure and increased fat reduction, the ideal is maintain the moderate exercise at intensities between 60% and 70% in Zone FatMax. But as time optimization training exercise high intensity produces a similar result in the reduction of fat in a relative manner. With respect to the beneficial effects on lipoproteins, it is understood that the high intensity near or above 75% of VO2max significant effect on plasma levels of HDL-increasing and causing decrease in LDL. It was found that strength and aerobic exercises circuited and so are more efficient intermittent at best fat oxidation. Only the order promotes aerobic-strength increases the lifetime of the EPOC at a relatively high intensity 75% do VO2máx.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of ß-glucan present in oats on serum lipid profile in vivo. Methodology: A systematic review published in the last eighteen years, the foundations of Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scielo. We analyzed 13 studies related to ß-glucan. Results: The studies totaled 13 samples, ten were developed with humans, totaling 1242 participants, among which 52.5% were women (n = 652) and 47.5% men (n = 590). Among these, only one estudo49 was performed with male, which corresponds to 10%. Three studies were developed with a total of 72 rats and 70 hamsters. Of the thirteen studies examined, nine showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol, twelve showed a reduction in LDL, four showed an increase in HDL, only one study did not show any positive results with the offer of ß-glucan. The ß-glucan that suffered chemical modification showed better results. Conclusion: According to the results presented in this study, ß-glucan from oats, is effective in improving lipid profile in humans and biological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]