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Abstract: This paper continues the program initiated in [5], towards a derivation system for security protocols. The general idea is that complex protocols can be formally derived, starting from basic security components, using a sequence of refinements and transformations, just like logical proofs are derived starting from axioms, using proof rules and transformations. The claim is that in practice, many protocols are already derived in such a way, but informally. Capturing this practice in a suitable formalism turns out to be a considerable task. The present paper proposes rules for composing security protocols from given security components. In general, security protocols are, of course, not compositional: information revealed by one may interfere with the security of the other. However, annotating protocol steps by pre- and post-conditions, allows secure sequential composition. Establishing that protocol components satisfy each other’s invariants allows more general forms of composition, ensuring that the individually secure sub-protocols will not interact insecurely in the composite protocol. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on modular derivations of two standard protocols, together with their simple security properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In [19], the authors presented a type-theoretic approach to the verification of security protocols. In this approach, a universal type system is proposed to capture in a finite way all the possible computations (internal actions or protocol instrumentations) that could be performed by a smart malicious intruder. This reduces the verification of cryptographic protocols to a typing problem where types are attack scenarios. In this paper, we recall this type system and we prove its completeness i.e. if the intruder can learn a message from a given protocol instrumentation, then this message could be infered from the type system. A significant result of this paper is the presentation of a new transformation that allows us to abstract a non-terminating type inference system into a terminating deductive proof system. We demonstrate how these results could be used to establish the security of cryptographic protocols from the secrecy standpoint. Finally, the usefulness and the efficiency of the whole approach is illustrated by proving the correctness of a new version of the Needham-Shoreder protocol with respect to the secrecy property. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Language-based approaches to information security have led to the development of security type systems that permit the programmer to describe confidentiality policies on data. Security type systems are usually intended to enforce noninterference, a property that requires that high-security information not affect low-security computation. However, in practice, noninterference is often too restrictive—the desired policy does permit some information leakage. To compensate for the strictness of noninterference, practical approaches include some mechanism for declassifying high-security information. But such declassification is potentially dangerous, and its use should be restricted to prevent unintended information leaks. Zdancewic and Myers previously introduced the notion of robust declassification in an attempt to capture the desired restrictions on declassification, but that work did not propose a method for determining when a program satisfies the robust declassification condition. This paper motivates robust declassification and shows that a simple change to a security type system can enforce it. The idea is to extend the lattice of security labels to include integrity constraints as well as confidentiality constraints and then require that the decision to perform a declassification have high integrity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]