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2. Manejo clínico e cirúrgico de um cão com colangiocarcinoma difuso.
- Author
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Bonilla Trindade, Anelise and Guimarães Gerardi, Daniel
- Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an epithelial cell malignancy arising at various locations within the biliary tree. Primary liver tumors can be classified morphologically as solid, when a single large tumor involves only one liver lobe; nodular, when multiple tumors are located in different liver lobes; diffuse, when either multifocal nodular changes occur in different liver lobes or when diffuse changes occur throughout the liver. Surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors because there is no established, effective chemotherapy protocol. This paper reports on the management of a dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma. Case: A 13-year-old female, castrated Pinscher, weighting 6 kg, was admitted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with clinical signs of abdominal distension and dyspnea that had started one month ago. The patient had been subjected to total unilateral mastectomy to remove an adenocarcinoma. At clinical examination, the animal presented anemia, an area of silence during pulmonary auscultation on the right hemithorax, and hepatomegaly. Because of the chronicity and nonspecific signs, additional tests were requested. Abdominal ultrasound exam showed hepatomegaly with irregular echotexture; cavity areas scattered throughout the organ, especially by the right medial lob; discrete presence of free abdominal fluid. Thoracic radiography showed increased radiopacity in the medial and caudal right hemithorax, suggesting metastasis. Laboratory tests included a complete blood count (normocytic mycrocytic anemia), an albumin count (27.49 g/L), an alanine amino-transferase test (77.40 U/L), an alkaline phosphatase test (284.94 U/L), a creatinine test (0.81 mg/dL), a conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), a not conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), and a total bilirubin test (0.2 mg/dL). After blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed. An incision was made along the ventral midline. A tumoral mass, approximately 20 cm in diameter, was observed in the right medial lobe, as well as diffuse changes throughout all hepatic lobes. A total lobectomy was performed by applying the mass ligation technique by placement of a circumferential ligature around the liver hilus. The abdominal cavity was sutured routinely. Histopathological examination showed primary cholangiocarcinoma. The animal had excellent postoperative recovery after six days. Subsequently, the patient again succumbed to hepatomegaly, ascites, anemia, and lethargy, and the owner chose to euthanize the patient and did not authorize a necropsy. Discussion: The cholangiocarcinoma was classified as primary and diffuse because of the macroscopic characteristics of the liver, since there were diffuse changes throughout the organ. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice. Although the prognosis was better in the early stages, lobectomy was chosen in order to improve the patient's respiratory condition and, consequently, improve the quality of life. There were no surgical complications and the patient presented good postoperative recovery. After 60 days of the surgical procedure, clinical signs recurred (anemia, hyporexia and abdominal distension) and euthanasia was performed. Hepatic lobectomy in an animal with advanced stage cholangiocarcinoma provided good quality of life for a period of 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
3. OPEN, LAPAROSCOPIC, AND ROBOTIC-ASSISTED HEPATECTOMY IN RESECTION OF LIVER TUMORS: A NON-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
- Author
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Túlio Felício da Cunha RODRIGUES, Bianca SILVEIRA, Flávia Pádua TAVARES, Gustavo Moreira MADEIRA, Iara Proença XAVIER, Jorge Henrique Costa RIBEIRO, Rayanna Mara de Oliveira Santos PEREIRA, and Sávio Lana SIQUEIRA
- Subjects
Hepatectomy ,Laparoscopy ,General Surgery ,Liver ,Robotics. ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy. Aim: Compare the surgical techniques in open, laparoscopic, and robotic assisted hepatectomy for resection of liver tumors. Methods: Literature review based on scientific papers published on Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo in the last 17 years regarding the indications of these techniques for liver tumor resections and on papers comparing such techniques. Results: The comparative study shows the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery, such as smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, smaller immune and metabolic response, and quicker restoration of oral ingestion as well as lower morbidity rates. However, the need for a specialized surgical team and the reduction in handling area still remain as disadvantages in the laparoscopic technique. It is yet not clear whether robotic assistance presents considerable benefits over the laparoscopic technique considering that high acquisition and maintenance costs are limiting factors. Conclusion: Despite all challenges, laparoscopic hepatectomy presents many benefits over open surgery. The robotic assisted technique is still in evolution as many centers in the world perform hepatic resections with the platforms but only after a thorough patient selection. Thus, laparoscopy stands as the best option, unless there is some contraindication to the procedure.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [Hepatic artery system variations correlated to split-liver surgery: anatomic study in cadavers].
- Author
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Bertevello PL and Chaib E
- Subjects
- Cadaver, Female, Hepatectomy methods, Hepatic Artery surgery, Humans, Liver Transplantation, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Transplantation, Homologous, Hepatic Artery anatomy & histology, Liver blood supply
- Abstract
Background: The liver donor shortage and the higher demand on liver transplantation led to advanced liver surgery techniques in order to better utilization of the cadaveric liver donors. That is why the split-liver technique had been applicated in liver transplantation where the liver after been divided into two lobes would be implanted in two recipients., Aims: This paper has the goal of study both the extra-hepatic arterial distribuition and anatomie of the liver with application on the split-liver transplantation separating the liver in right and left hepatic lobe., Patients and Methods: The authors studied 60 livers from fresh cadaver looking at hepatic artery and its main anatomic variations correlating with split-liver surgery. The liver was split into two portions, right and left lobe., Results: The total liver weight was 1536 +/- 361,8 g, right hepatic lobe 890,3 +/- 230,9 g and left hepatic lobe 649,3 +/- 172,6 g. Common hepatic trunk was found in one (1,6%) case and came from superior mesenteric artery and in another one (1,6%), both left hepatic artery and left gastric artery came from the abdominal aorta. The right hepatic artery raised from celiac trunk in 44 (73,3%) cases, and in 15 (25%) from superior mesenteric artery it was acessory in 11 (18,3%) cases and dominant in 4 (6,6%). The left hepatic artery was acessory of left gastric artery in 2 (3,3%) cases. Hepatic artery trifurcation was found in 9 (15%) cases out of this 6 (10%) to segment IV, 2 (3,3%) to segment III and 1 (1,6%) to segment II. Also we found 2 (3,3%) medium hepatic artery to segment IV., Conclusion: Hepatic artery variations allowed liver section into right and left hepatic lobe.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis).
- Author
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Miranda, Dayane F. H., Fonseca, Luciano S., Braga, Juliana F. V., Costa, Francisco A. L., de S. Silva, Silvana M. M., de A. L. Souza, Francisco, and de Almeida, Hatawa M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. [Hepatic cell dysplasia. A pre-malignant lesion related to hepatocellular carcinoma and infection by hepatitis B virus].
- Author
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de Queiroz AC, Moreira DE, and Andrade ML
- Subjects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic pathology, Humans, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Hepatitis B pathology, Liver pathology, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Precancerous Conditions pathology
- Abstract
This paper reports the study of liver cell dysplasia in cases of hepatic cirrhosis, cirrhosis associated to hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. The frequency of the lesion was higher in cases of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated (84.2%), compared to the other groups. The search for evidence of B virus infection (AgHbs) was positive in 72.7% of the cases with liver cell dysplasia. It is pointed out the relation of liver cell dysplasia, to hepatocellular carcinoma and B virus infection.
- Published
- 1987
7. PHOTOSENSITIZATION IN A KID GOAT--CASE REPORT/FOTOSSENSIBILIZACAO HEPATOGENA EM CABRITO--RELATO DE CASO/FOTOSENSIBILIZACION HEPATOGENA EN CABRITO--REPORTE DE UN CASO
- Author
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Neves, Juliana Paniago Lordello, Silveira, Ana Eliza dos Santos, Rocha, Noeme Sousa, Crocomo, Leticia Ferrari, Alves, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca, Ferreira, Marcos Barbosa, da Silva, Frederico Guilherme Oliveira, and Filho, Wolff Camargo Marques
- Published
- 2016
8. Hepatite infecciosa canina em um cão geriátrico naturalmente infectado.
- Author
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Rossato, Cristina Krauspenhar and Martins, Danieli Brolo
- Abstract
Background: Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic viral disease of dogs. It affects mainly unvaccinated dogs under the age of six months. Although clinical signs of ICH are not specific, the necropsy findings are sufficient to allow a presumptive diagnosis associated with epidemiology and clinical signs. Clinician should suspect the disease when two years-old dogs or younger present acute death with abdominal pain, neurological disorders and signs of bleeding. The objective of this study is to report an unusual case of ICH, describing the clinical and pathological findings in a geriatric dog with the disease. Case: A female Basset Hound dog, 9 year-old, was presented with intense vomiting and diarrhea in the last day. The animal was not vaccinated there was two years. The blood count revealed moderate leukocytosis by neutrophils and deviation to the left and to the right, and monocytosis, besides lymphopenia and eosinopenia. It was also possible to observe hyperproteinemia and plasma intensely jaundiced. The biochemical examination showed alterations in liver and kidney parameters. After three days of hospitalization, the patient was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Macroscopic findings consisted of increased dark red liver, and fibrin strands in the capsular surface. There was a bloody fluid in the small intestine and stomach. Serous small intestine showed granular appearance. Kidneys were dark red aspect. There was ecchymosis in the lung. Histopathological analysis of the liver showed severe hemorrhage with multifocal hepatocellular necrosis randomized and intense mixed inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages, mainly in the periportal region with presence of intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes, which were amphophilic (characteristic of adenovirus); some of them met all the core, but most showed clear halo between inclusion and the limit of the nuclear membrane. Kidneys had rare amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal glomerulus. Discussion: Most authors recognize ICH mainly affecting young animals (up to two years). Factors related to vaccination as poor preservation of the product, mode of application and improper intervals between applications; or attached to the patient, such as stress and concomitant diseases, will contribute to the occurrence of the infection. The reported dog was delayed vaccination program there was two years ago, which may also have interfered with immune status. The dog in this case had clinical suspicion of liver disease, and there was not initial suspicion of ICH, which can be related to the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis of this disease, since the signs are nonspecific. This fact reinforces the importance of the definitive diagnosis of ICH that be confirmed by histopathology and/or supplementary diagnosis. The blood count of the patient showed an inflammatory WBC count with possible influence of stress. Furthermore, hyperproteinemia was related to the dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea and/or antigenic stimulation. In this patient, macroscopic findings were suggestive of HIC, while histological analysis confirmed our suspect. The diagnosis of the disease, in this case, was possible by the histopathological analysis that allowed the identification of intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver and kidneys, which are characteristic of the canine adenovirus type 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
9. Infecção fatal por Rhodococcus equi em caprinos no Sul do Brasil.
- Author
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Ari Gualberto Hill, João, José Benesi, Fernando, Finkler da Silveira, André Luís, Maria Biesdorf, Sonia, Garcia Medeiros, Michele, Ribas Werner, Pedro, Barbosa Guimarães, Lorena Lima, and Driemeier, David
- Abstract
Background: Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, cosmopolitan coccobacillus present in the soil and in feces of birds and a large variety of domestic mammals. It is the etiologic agent that commonly causes pneumonia in foals. This case report describes the clinical signs, lesions and the microbiological analysis of samples collected from three goats infected with Rhodococcus equi in a farm in southern Brazil. Cases: Three Boer goats died one week after presenting clinical signs that included: diarrhea, ruminal atony and anorexia (Goat 1); abortion, progressive weight loss, appetite loss, pale mucosas and tachycardia (Goat 2); and submandibular edema and anemia (Goat 3). Upon necropsy, it was shown that all goats presented multiple liver nodes between 0.5 and 3.0 cm in diameter. When sectioned these nodes presented yellowish contents that were not resistant. Additionally, Goat 2 presented nodes with caseous contents in mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs, which were similar to those observed in the liver. Upon necropsy, samples of organs were collected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological analyses and kept under refrigeration for microbiological analyses. Histopathological analyses of liver, lung and lymph node of all goats revealed the presence of multifocal necrotic areas associated with the deposition of basophilic granular material (mineralization) surrounded by intense macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. Besides, moderate amounts of giant cells were also observed. Fite-Faraco staining showed coccobacillary structures in cytoplasm of macrophages and giant cells. The histopathological changes observed in this study are consistent with lymphadenitis, hepatitis and pyogranulomatous pneumonia. For the microbiological examination, samples were inoculated by direct imprint on Blood agar and MacConkey agar, and in Brain Heart Infusion enrichment broth at 37°C for between 24 h and 48 h. Subsequently, small, shiny, non-hemolytic mucoid colonies were observed, which were then submitted to Gram staining. Isolated colonies underwent biochemical differentiation. Rhodococcus equi was isolated by direct microscopy and the Gram method. Discussion: Rhodococcus equi sporadically affects goats, causing multiple hepatic and pulmonary caseous nodules. These lesions were observed in the samples examined in the present study. Differential diagnosis of rhodococcosis in goats includes caseous lymphadenitis and tuberculosis, although the etiologic agents of these diseases were not isolated in this study. In spite of the fact that Rhodococcus equi is isolated from the feces of herbivores, especially equines, no such animals were reared in the farm where the goats analyzed lived. Goats have been farmed in the property since 2006. It was not possible to determine the virulence of the agent. Nevertheless, new cases of rhodococcosis in goats indicate that infection by Rhodococcus equi may be more frequent in ruminants than it is expected, and play an important role in the differential diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis. The detailed description of clinical signs and of the macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with the isolation of the infectious agent confirm the diagnosis of rhodococcosis, and allow the veterinary doctor to list the possibilities in the differential diagnosis of the disease in goats with other granulomatous and pyogranulomatous diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
10. Clinical and surgical management of dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma
- Author
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Trindade, Anelise Bonilla and Gerardi, Daniel Guimarães
- Subjects
Liver ,Cães ,Colangiocarcinoma ,Procedimentos cirúrgicos operatórios ,Neoplasm ,Hepatectomy ,Surgery - Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an epithelial cell malignancy arising at various locations within the biliary tree. Primary liver tumors can be classified morphologically as solid, when a single large tumor involves only one liver lobe; nodular, when multiple tumors are located in different liver lobes; diffuse, when either multifocal nodular changes occur in different liver lobes or when diffuse changes occur throughout the liver. Surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors because there is no established, effective chemotherapy protocol. This paper reports on the management of a dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma. Case: A 13-year-old female, castrated Pinscher, weighting 6 kg, was admitted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with clinical signs of abdominal distension and dyspnea that had started one month ago. The patient had been subjected to total unilateral mastectomy to remove an adenocarcinoma. At clinical examination, the animal presented anemia, an area of silence during pulmonary auscultation on the right hemithorax, and hepatomegaly. Because of the chronicity and nonspecific signs, additional tests were requested. Abdominal ultrasound exam showed hepatomegaly with irregular echotexture; cavity areas scattered throughout the organ, especially by the right medial lob; discrete presence of free abdominal fluid. Thoracic radiography showed increased radiopacity in the medial and caudal right hemithorax, suggesting metastasis. Laboratory tests included a complete blood count (normocytic mycrocytic anemia), an albumin count (27.49 g/L), an alanine amino-transferase test (77.40 U/L), an alkaline phosphatase test (284.94 U/L), a creatinine test (0.81 mg/dL), a conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), a not conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), and a total bilirubin test (0.2 mg/dL). After blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed. An incision was made along the ventral midline. A tumoral mass, approximately 20 cm in diameter, was observed in the right medial lobe, as well as diffuse changes throughout all hepatic lobes. A total lobectomy was performed by applying the mass ligation technique by placement of a circumferential ligature around the liver hilus. The abdominal cavity was sutured routinely. Histopathological examination showed primary cholangiocarcinoma. The animal had excellent postoperative recovery after six days. Subsequently, the patient again succumbed to hepatomegaly, ascites, anemia, and lethargy, and the owner chose to euthanize the patient and did not authorize a necropsy. Discussion: The cholangiocarcinoma was classified as primary and diffuse because of the macroscopic characteristics of the liver, since there were diffuse changes throughout the organ. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice. Although the prognosis was better in the early stages, lobectomy was chosen in order to improve the patient’s respiratory condition and, consequently, improve the quality of life. There were no surgical complications and the patient presented good postoperative recovery. After 60 days of the surgical procedure, clinical signs recurred (anemia, hyporexia and abdominal distension) and euthanasia was performed. Hepatic lobectomy in an animal with advanced stage cholangiocarcinoma provided good quality of life for a period of 60 days.
- Published
- 2018
11. Ruminal, liver and claw lesion among feedlot cattle
- Author
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Viana Filho, Paulo Roberto Lucas, Rabelo, Rogério Elias, lattes.cnpq.br/2711571722876295, Silva, Luiz Antônio Franco da, lattes.cnpq.br/0446055905975647, Vulcani, Valcinir Aloísio Scalla, and Martins, Apóstolo Ferreira
- Subjects
Locomotor ,Fígado ,Liver ,Feedlot ,SAUDE ANIMAL (PROGRAMAS SANITARIOS) [MEDICINA VETERINARIA PREVENTIVA] ,Confinamento ,Cattle ,Ruminal Acidosis ,Acidose rumenal ,Bovinos ,TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS [CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS] - Abstract
A busca pelo aumento da produtividade, qualidade e a redução dos custos de produção é uma necessidade indiscutível nos diferentes sistemas de criação de bovinos e o uso de dietas de alto grãos, ricas em carboidratos altamente fermentáveis e com baixos teores de fibra tornou-se uma ferramenta indispensável para a nutrição animal. Contudo essas dietas podem ocasionar um desequilíbrio entre a produção e remoção de ácidos graxos voláteis no rúmen, com consequente acidose rumenal. Este problema pode resultar em lesões na parede do rúmen, predispondo a colonização e multiplicação de bactérias, evoluindo com frequência para a formação de abscessos hepáticos, rumenite e enfermidades podais. O presente estudo objetivou inter-relacionar na avaliação post mortem, a ocorrência de rumenite, abscesso hepático e enfermidades podais em bovinos da raça Nelore, manejados a pasto durante a cria e recria e em sistema de confinamento durante a terminação, bem como realizar uma caracterização das principais lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas no rúmen. Foram avaliados macroscopicamente 1060 bovinos de corte pelo exame post mortem dos pés, fígado e rúmen e microscopicamente avaliou-se 98 rumens. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%, para avaliar os pares de lesões. Para realizar a caracterização das lesões rumenais, as lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas foram classificadas em seis escores, sendo um para animais sem lesão e cinco para os animais com lesões. Foram encontradas 328 lesões em 300 (28,3%) bovinos, sendo 88 (8,3%) com enfermidades podais, dez (0,9%) com abscessos hepáticos e 230 (21,7%) com rumenite. Nenhum dos animais apresentou as três lesões simultaneamente. Dentre esses diagnósticos, 28 bovinos apresentaram duas destas enfermidades, sendo 26 (2,45%) com lesões tanto no rúmen quanto nos cascos e dois (0,19%) com lesão rumenal e abscesso hepático. O exame microscópico do rúmen verificou alterações em 21 (21,6%) lâminas. A rumenite aguda discreta foi a alteração predominante com 16 casos, seguida da rumenite aguda moderada e crônica, com dois casos cada uma. Encontrou-se apenas um caso de lesão em processo de cicatrização. Dentre os 98 rumens avaliados macro e microscopicamente, 23 apresentaram lesões macroscópicas e 10 tiveram as mesmas alterações verificadas na microscopia, sendo sete casos de hiperqueratose, dois casos de hiperemia e um caso de ulceração. Não houve inter-relação na avaliação post mortem, entre a ocorrência de rumenite, abscesso hepático e enfermidades podais em bovinos da raça Nelore, manejados a pasto durante a cria e recria e em sistema de confinamento na fase de terminação e a avaliação microscópica possibilitou a detecção de lesões rumenais que passaram despercebidas pela avaliação macroscópica, sendo um recurso diagnóstico extra para indicar o estágio de evolução das lesões rumenais. The search for increasing the productivity and the quality, along the reduction the cost of production, is an unarguable need of the different systems for raising cattle. Besides that, the use of high-grain diet has become an indispensable tool for animal nutrition. On the other hand, such diet may cause an unbalance between the production and removal of volatile fatty acids in the rumen leading to a ruminal acidosis. Ruminal acidosis may result in lesions in the ruminal walls, contributing for the colonization and multiplication of bacteria, frequently leading to liver abscesses, rumenitis and claw lesions. This paper aims at describing the interrelation among liver abscesses, ruminal and claw lesions of bovine in a post mortem evaluation. The cattle was raised on pasture for 17 to 27 months. 90 days before slaughter, they were taken to feedlots. 1060 bovine were macroscopic evaluated while 98 were microscopically. Statistical analysis were performed using Pearson´s Qui-square. The macroscopic and microscopic analysis were classified in six scores, meaning one for animals without a lesion and five for the ones which had a lesion in their rumen. 328 lesions were found in 300 bovine (28.3%), that is, 88 (8.3%) had claw lesion, 10 (0.9%) showed liver abscesses and 230 (21.7%) presented rumenitis. None of the animals was simultaneously diagnosed with the three aforementioned lesions. 28 presented two different lesions: 26 (2.45%) had ruminal and claw lesions while 2 (0.19%) showed rumenal lesion and liver abscess. The microscopic evaluation of the rumen pointed out alterations in 21 (21.6%) slides. 16 animals presented discreet rumenitis, 2 had mild rumenitis and 2 showed chronic rumenitis. One animal had its rumen to be in a healing process. Out of the 98 rumen analyzed macroscopic and microscopically, 23 had macroscopic lesion while 10 presented the same alterations found microscopically: 7 diagnosed with hyperkeratosis, 2 with hyperemia and 1 ulcer case. The post mortem evaluation showed no interrelation of occurrence among rumenitis, liver abscess and claw lesion in Nelore bovine raised on a pasture up to 90 days before slaughter. The microscopic analyzes revealed ruminal lesions which were not identified in a macroscopic evaluation. It proved to be an extra resource for diagnosing the phase of rumenal lesions.
- Published
- 2017
12. Propriedades, potenciais aplicações biomédicas e efeitos da sericina de Bombyx mori sobre a morfofisiologia de camundongos obesos por dieta hiperlipídica
- Author
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Kunz, Regina Inês, Maria Raquel Marçal Natali, Sandra Lucinei Balbo - UNIOESTE, Helenton Cristhian Barrena - UNINGÁ, Maria Montserrat Diaz Pedrosa - UEM, and Luzmarina Hernandes - UEM
- Subjects
Bioquímica ,Tratamento ,Brasil ,Bombyx mori ,Silk protein ,Serecina ,Biomaterial ,Jejuno ,Treatment ,Aplicações biomédicas ,Jejunum ,Obesidade ,Fígado ,Liver ,Proteína da seda ,Obesity ,Brazil ,Ciências Biológicas ,Sericin - Abstract
Sericulture is the commercial silk farming of Bombyx mori, popularly known as silkworm, whose final objective is the obtaining of the cocoon, processed by the textile industry. In accordance with Câmara Técnica de Seda do Paraná (Silk Technical Chamber of Paraná), the State is the greater national producer and generates the best silk of the world. Principally in the last years, scientists have investigate the physical and biological characteristics of silk threads proteins: fibroin, converted in raw silk, and sericin. Considering the importance of sericulture in Paraná State, as well the objective to presents applications of sericin, discarded by the textile industry, justify the scientific review paper about the properties and biomedical applications of silkworm sericin. In this study, we confirm that the sericin is product of alternative splicing of three genes, Ser1, Ser2 and Ser3, is secreted in the middle silk gland and organized in three layers around two fibroin filaments, so that each layer presents different characteristics of amino acids composition, molecular weight and solubility. Structurally, the sericin is a globular protein composts by random coil and β-sheets, domains that alters in accordance with mechanical forces and temperature variations, transiting in sol-gel form. Is compost by 18 amino acids, many of these with strong polar groups that confers hydrophilic characteristic. Differential extraction methods of sericin are described, being the principals based in urea solution, extraction with acidic or alkali solutions and high-temperature associated or not with high-pressure in autoclave. The diversity in extraction methods, associated with your genic and molecular heterogeneity, 20 to 400 kDa, enable your classification regarding the solubility, in sericin A, B or C, or based in place of synthesis in middle silk gland, in sericin A, M or P. Besides the own characteristics, the structural organization of sericin enable crosslinking, copolymerizations and combinations with other polymers, extended your applicability. For your low immunogenicity, the sericin can be considerate a compatible biomaterial, presenting good results in animal species and clinical studies. Your antioxidant potential can be attributed to the flavonoids and carotenoids pigments, frequently found between the sericin layers, and suggests that the sericin is a natural and safe ingredient for food and cosmetic industry, where it stands out as a moisturizing substance. This characteristic associated with your low immunogenicity, makes the sericin a healing potential, principally of burns and diabetes mellitus´ wounds. Still, the protein permits the composition of hydrogels, films and matrices used in tissue engineering, structures that can be used for drug or other substances delivery. In vitro studies proved that the sericin can be used as supplement in culture medium and cryoprotectant agent, in many cell lines; while tests with animals demonstrated an antitumour effect. Metabolically, proved a prebiotic action, by reduction of intestinal constipation and by absorption's increase of many ions available in the diet. Molecules of minor molecular weight presents hypotensive and anticoagulant action, and improves the activity of some cells involved in specific immune response. On lipid and glycemic metabolism the sericin acts beneficially when administrated preventively, reducing plasmatic concentrations of lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides and inflammatory cytokines related with the obesity, reducing the insulin resistance and increasing the serum adiponectin. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of sericin turns a promising biocompatible material for various biomedical applications. Whereas the increase in obesity occurrence, one of the most health problems in the world, and the difficulty in to control the associated comorbidities, arises the necessity in found natural recourses with therapeutic potential. Considering the effect in obesity prevention, we realize an experimental study to analyse the effects of B. mori sericin on the reversion of plasmatic parameters and tissue morphology of obese mice by high-fat diet. For this, were used male mice from C57Bl6 lineage, with approximately 9 weeks age, distributed in two groups: Control (CT) and Obese (OB), that received standard control diet or high-fat diet for 10 weeks, respectively. In sequence, the animals were distributed in four groups with seven animals each: Control (CT); Control + Sericin (CT-S); Obese (OB); and Obese + Sericin (OB-S), that remained receiving standard control diet or high-fat diet for more 4 weeks, period in which the mice of CT-S and OB-S groups received sericin orally at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. During the experimental period were monitored physiologic parameters, as weight gain, food consumption, faeces weight and analysis of faecal lipids, intestinal motility and glucose tolerance. The euthanasia was performed by exsanguination and the plasma used for determination of glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides and hepatic transaminases. Samples of white adipose tissue, liver and jejunum were processed for light microscopy and morphologic analysis. Fragments of liver were used to lipid determination, and triglycerides and cholesterol quantification. The mice fed with high-fat diet presents more weight gain and fat accumulation, as well increase of total cholesterol and glycemia, which proved the obesity development. There was hypertrophy in retroperitoneal and periepididimal adipocytes and development of hepatic steatosis, added to increase of hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides in mice that received high fat diet. The obesity promoted reduction in small intestine' length, as well increase in vilo's height and reduction in crypt depth and muscular layer thickness. The treatment with sericin don´t causes any effect in mice from CT-S group. In treated obese mice, sericin did not reverse the obesity, but increased the amount of lipid eliminated in faeces and restored the morphometric parameters of jejunum. Therefore, we observed that sericin presents a potential treatment for obesity by to promote the protection of jejunal wall components. A sericicultura é a atividade voltada a criação do Bombyx mori, conhecido popularmente como bicho-da-seda, cujo objetivo final é a obtenção do casulo, processado pela indústria têxtil. Segundo a Câmara Técnica de Seda do Paraná, o estado é o maior produtor nacional e responsável pela confecção da melhor seda do mundo. Principalmente nos últimos anos, pesquisadores têm investigado características físicas e biológicas das proteínas encontradas no fio de seda: fibroína, que dá origem a seda crua, e sericina. Considerando a importância da sericicultura no Paraná, bem como o intuito de apresentar aplicações da sericina, considerada produto de descarte pela indústria, se justifica a realização de um artigo científico de revisão sobre a temática das propriedades e aplicações biomédicas da sericina de B. mori. Neste estudo, confirmamos que a sericina é produto de splicing alternativo de três genes, Ser1, Ser2 e Ser3, é secretada pela glândula da seda média, se organiza em três camadas em torno de dois filamentos de fibroína, de modo que cada camada apresenta características de composição aminoacídica, peso molecular e solubilidade diferentes. Estruturalmente, a sericina é uma proteína globular composta por estruturas em hélice aleatória e folha-β, domínios que se alteram de acordo com forças mecânicas e variações de temperatura, transitando entre a forma sólido-gel. É composta por 18 aminoácidos, muitos dos quais contém grupamentos altamente polares que lhe conferem a característica hidrofílica. Diferentes técnicas de extração de sericina são descritas, sendo as principais baseadas no uso de solução de ureia, extração alcalina ou ácida e uso de alta temperatura, associada ou não à alta pressão em autoclave. A diversidade de metodologias para a obtenção da proteína, associada à sua heterogeneidade gênica e molecular, variando de 20 a 400 kDa, permite sua classificação quanto a solubilidade, em sericina A, B ou C, ou local de síntese na glândula da seda, em sericina A, M ou P. Além das características próprias, a organização estrutural da sericina permite ligações cruzadas, copolimerizações e combinações com outras proteínas, ampliando as aplicabilidades da molécula. Por apresentar baixa imunogenicidade, a sericina pode ser considerada um biomaterial compatível, apresentando resultados promissores em espécies animais e até mesmo em estudos clínicos. Seu papel antioxidante pode ser atribuído aos pigmentos de flavonoides e carotenoides frequentemente encontrados entre as camadas de sericina, e a tornam um ingrediente natural e seguro para alimentos e a indústria de cosméticos, onde se destaca como substância hidratante. Essa característica associada ao fato de ser imunologicamente inerte torna a sericina um potencial cicatrizante, principalmente de queimaduras e feridas relacionadas ao diabetes mellitus. Ainda nesta vertente, a proteína se mostrou eficiente na composição de hidrogéis, filmes e matrizes utilizados na engenharia de tecidos, estruturas que podem também ser utilizadas para a entrega de medicamentos ou outras substâncias. Estudos in vitro evidenciaram que a sericina pode ser usada como suplemento de meio de cultura e como agente crioprotetor, em variadas linhagens celulares; enquanto ensaios com animais demonstraram que a proteína pode ter potencial antitumoral. Metabolicamente provou ter ação prebiótica, por atenuar condições de constipação intestinal e aumentar a absorção de alguns íons disponibilizados na dieta. Moléculas de menor peso molecular apresentam ação hipotensiva e anticoagulante, além de melhorar a atividade de algumas células envolvidas na resposta imune específica. No metabolismo lipídico e glicêmico a sericina atua de modo benéfico quando administrada profilaticamente, reduzindo concentrações plasmáticas de lipoproteínas, colesterol, triglicerídeos e citocinas inflamatórias relacionadas à obesidade, diminui a resistência à insulina e aumenta a adiponectina sérica. Assim, as características físico-químicas da sericina a tornam um material biocompatível promissor para várias aplicações biomédicas. Devido à tendência de aumento na ocorrência da obesidade, um dos maiores problemas de saúde no mundo, e a dificuldade de controlar as comorbidades associadas, surge a necessidade de se encontrar recursos naturais com ações terapêuticas. Considerando o potencial efeito na prevenção da obesidade, realizamos um estudo experimental com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da sericina de B. mori na reversão de parâmetros plasmáticos e morfologia tecidual de camundongos obesos por dieta hiperlipídica. Para tanto, foram utilizados camundongos machos da linhagem C57Bl6, com aproximadamente nove semanas de idade, distribuídos em dois grupos: Controle (CT) e Obeso (OB), que receberam ração padrão ou dieta hiperlipídica por 10 semanas, respectivamente. Após esse período, os animais foram alocados em quatro grupos com sete animais cada: Controle (CT); Controle + Sericina (CT-S); Obeso (OB); e Obeso + Sericina (OB-S), que permaneceram recebendo as respectivas dietas por mais 4 semanas, período no qual os camundongos dos grupos CT-S e OB-S receberam sericina oralmente na dose de 1.000 mg/kg de peso corporal. Durante o período experimental foram monitorados parâmetros fisiológicos como o ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, peso das fezes e análise de lipídios fecais, motilidade intestinal e tolerância à glicose. A eutanásia foi realizada por exsanguinação e o plasma foi utilizado para a dosagem da glicemia, colesterol, triglicerídeos e transaminases hepáticas. Amostras de tecido adiposo branco, fígado e jejuno foram processadas para microscopia de luz e posterior análise morfológica. Fragmentos do fígado foram utilizados para a determinação de lipídios e quantificação de triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os camundongos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica apresentaram maior ganho de peso e acúmulo de gordura, bem como aumento do colesterol total e glicemia, caracterizando a instalação da obesidade. Houve hipertrofia dos adipócitos retroperitoneais e periepididimais e presença de esteatose hepática, acompanhada do aumento de colesterol e triglicerídeos no fígado nos camundongos que ingeriram dieta hiperlipídica. Ainda, a obesidade promoveu diminuição no comprimento do intestino delgado bem como aumento na altura do vilo e redução na profundidade da cripta e na espessura da túnica muscular. O tratamento com sericina não causou nenhum efeito nos camundongos do grupo CT-S. Nos animais obesos tratados, a sericina não reverteu a obesidade mas aumentou a quantidade de gordura eliminada nas fezes e restaurou os parâmetros morfométricos do jejuno. Assim, verificamos que a sericina se apresenta como um tratamento potencial para a obesidade por promover a proteção de componentes da parede jejunal. 87 f
- Published
- 2017
13. Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis )
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Luciano Santos da Fonseca, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, Dayane Francisca Higino Miranda, Silvana Maria Medeiros de Sousa Silva, Francisco de Assis Leite Souza, Hatawa Melo de Almeida, and Francisco Assis Lima Costa
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,felid ,Connective tissue ,imunoistoquímica ,Periodic acid–Schiff stain ,ocelot ,carcinoma hepatocelular ,Biology ,liver ,Leopardus pardalis ,fígado ,Eosinophilic ,medicine ,Neoplasm ,Leopardus ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Neoplasia ,felídeo ,jaguatirica ,Anatomy ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,immunohistochemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Immunohistochemistry ,Pancreas - Abstract
RESUMO: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é uma neoplasia rara nos animais domésticos e em espécies selvagens foi relatado somente em antílopes, veado, cães da pradaria e furões, mas não existem relatos em Leopardus pardalis (jaguatirica). Este trabalho descreve um caso de carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em uma fêmea felina de aproximadamente 18 anos de idade, da espécie Leopardus pardalis, proveniente do Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina-PI, com histórico de anorexia, apatia e evolução ao óbito que foi encaminhada ao Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí para exame anatomopatológico. À necropsia foram observadas duas nodulações de aproximadamente 8,0cm de diâmetro no fígado, de coloração variando da brancacenta ao vermelhado claro, amarelada a vermelho escuro, subdivididas em lóbulos por tecido conjuntivo. No pâncreas foram observadas múltiplas nodulações de aproximadamente 1,0 cm de diâmetro, com superfície lisa, consistência firme, coloração vermelho-amarelada. A superfície de corte dos rins também apresentava várias nodulações milimétricas de distribuição multifocal, na região córtico-medular, consistência firme, coloração branco-acinzentada ou amarelada, sugerindo metástase. Os fragmentos das lesões de fígado foram coletados e no exame microscópico observaram-se proliferação de hepatócitos em cordões bem diferenciados, formando trabéculas com espessura de três ou mais células. Os hepatócitos apresentavam-se volumosos, pleomórficos, com citoplasma eosinofílico. Na coloração com PAS constataram-se, regularmente, acúmulo de glicogênio nos hepatócitos neoplásicos. A confirmação foi feita pela técnica de imunoistoquímica, utilizando-se anticorpo monoclonal (Hepatocyte Specific Antigen). Os achados anatomohistopatológicos, e o auxilio da imunoistoquímica permitiram concluir pelo diagnóstico de hepatocarcinoma trabecular metastático em Leopardus pardalis criado em cativeiro. ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare neoplasm in domestic and wildlife animals and has been reported only in antelope, deer, prairie dogs and ferrets; but there are no reports in Leopardus pardalis (ocelot). This paper describes a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in a female of an about 18-year-old Leopardus pardalis from the Zoological Garden of Teresina, Piauí, after a history of anorexia, apathy and fatal outcomes, forwarded to the Department of Animal Pathology at the Federal University of Piaui for pathological examination. Necropsy revealed two nodules of about 8.0cm in diameter in the liver, of whitish to bright red or yellow to dark red color divided into lobes by connective tissue. In the pancreas were found multiple nodules of about 1.0cm diameter, with smooth surface, firm consistency, and yellowish-red color. The cut surface of the kidneys also presented multiple whitish-gray or yellowish millimeter small nodules in the corticomedullary region, of firm consistence, suggesting metastases. Fragments of the liver lesions examined microscopically revealed hepatocyte proliferation in well differentiated strands, forming trabeculars of three or more cells. The hepatocytes were large and pleomorphic, with eosinophilic cytoplasm. In PAS staining glycogen accumulation was found in neoplastic hepatocytes . The confirmation of the diagnosis was made by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibody hepatocyte specific antigen. The findings allowed us to characterize the neoplasm as a trabecular metastatic hepatocarcinoma in Leopardus pardalis bred in captivity.
- Published
- 2015
14. The effects of caffeine and diclofenac on oxidative stress and inflammation on exercised rats
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Barcelos, Rômulo Pillon, Barbosa, Nilda Berenice de Vargas, Puntel, Robson Luiz, Puntel, Gustavo Orione, Oliveira, Mauro Schneider, and Porciúncula, Lisiane de Oliveira
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Inflammation ,Inflamação ,Cafeína ,Diclofenac ,Fígado ,Redox status ,Liver ,Caffeine ,Diclofenaco ,Eccentric exercise ,Exercício excêntrico ,Status redox ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Exercise can represent a physical stress that disrupts the homeostasis. Elevated muscle oxygen consumption increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory proteins production, leading to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Nowadays, both caffeine, a commonly compound present in many commercial beverages and medicines, and the non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including diclofenac, have been used in sports competitions events. Considering that athletes intent to improve their sports performance, mainly on high intensity competitions and short duration that can lead to inflammation and pain, a great number of athletes consume caffeine and NSAIDs due they ergogenic effects or avoid inflammation and loss of performance. However, little is known about the physical exercise and concomitant use of caffeine/diclofenac. Considering the sport specificity, most authors have focused exercise in skeletal muscle studies. In view of the important role of liver during physical activities, one of the goals of this work was to analyze the effect of caffeine and diclofenac on cell damage, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress markers in exercised rats. In two papers, we highlight the effect of caffeine on the oxidative damage, inflammation and tissue adaptation in liver, muscle and plasma of training rats. The experimental protocol included four groups: sedentary-saline, sedentary-diclofenac, exercise-saline, and exercise-diclofenac. The exercised groups performed a 4-week aerobic swimming training protocol and were treated with saline or caffeine (6 mg/kg). We found significant changes on citrate synthase (CS), superoxide desmutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels after training. These modifications were reverted by caffeine treatment. In the manuscript, we highlight the effects of diclofenac (10 mg/kg) on the inflammation induced by an acute exercise. Rats were divided in 4 groups: control-saline (CS), control-diclofenac (CD), exercise-saline (ES) and exercise-diclofenac (ED). The animals from the C and E groups received saline, while the groups CD and ED received diclofenac treatment during seven days previous to the exercise bout, which consisted in an acute bout of eccentric exercise lasting 90 min. We identified an increase in both gene expression and levels of proteins TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, NFκB, p65, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS in the exercised groups. Diclofenac treatment blunted these responses exercised-induced. Taken together, the data indicate that diclofenac and caffeine interfere on oxidative and inflammation responses induced by physical exercise, altering the adaptive mechanisms of tissues under exercise. O exercício físico pode representar um tipo de estresse por alterar a homeostase corporal. O elevado consumo de oxigênio pelo músculo esquelético durante o exercício físico aumenta a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e proteínas inflamatórias, desencadeando estresse oxidativo e inflamação sistêmica. Atualmente, a cafeína, um composto presente em diversas bebidas e medicamentos, e os anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs), incluindo o diclofenaco, têm sido amplamente usados em competições esportivas. Considerando que os atletas treinam com o objetivo de melhorar o seu desempenho esportivo, principalmente em provas de alta intensidade e curta duração e que essas podem levar à sensação de dor e processo inflamatório, um grande número desses atletas usa tanto cafeína e AINEs como recursos ergogênicos ou até mesmo para evitar perdas de performance em suas provas. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da associação entre treinamento físico e o uso concomitante de cafeína/diclofenaco nos tecidos. Levando em consideração a especificidade esporte, a maioria dos estudos são referentes a associação exercício físico e músculo esquelético. Entretanto, as respostas adaptativas ao exercício físico não são restritas ao tecido muscular. Considerando o importante papel do fígado durante a atividade física, um objetivo desta tese foi analisar os efeitos da cafeína e, em um segundo momento, do diclofenaco, sobre marcadores hepáticos de estresse oxidativo, dano tecidual e inflamação em ratos treinados. Nos artigos destacamos o papel da cafeína em modular as respostas de dano, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e adaptação causadas pelo treinamento físico em fígado, músculo e plasma. O protocolo experimental foi realizado com 4 grupos distintos: sedentário-salina, sedentário-cafeína, exercício-salina e exercício-cafeína. Os grupos exercício foram submetidos a 4 semanas de treinamento aeróbio de natação e os grupos tratados foram suplementados com cafeína (6 mg/kg), durante o treinamento. Identificamos mudanças significativas na atividade das enzimas citrato sintase (CS), superóxido desmutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e acetilcolinesterase (AChE), e nos níveis da aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) após treinamento. Todas essas alterações foram revertidas pelo tratamento com cafeína. No manuscrito destacamos o papel modulador do diclofenaco sobre a inflamação gerada por exercício agudo. O protocolo consistiu em uma sessão de 90 mim de exercício excêntrico agudo em esteira em ratos tratados previamente com salina ou diclofenaco (10mg/kg) (grupos: controle-salina, exercício-salina, controle-diclofenaco, exercício-diclofenaco). Após o exercício, foi identificado um aumento na expressão gênica e níveis da proteínas TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, NFκB p65, IL-6, TNF-α e iNOS. Essas respostas geradas pelo exercício excêntrico foram bloqueadas pelo tratamento com diclofenaco. Os dados obtidos nos permitem concluir que o diclofenaco e a cafeína interferem nas respostas adaptativas de cunho oxidativo/inflamatório geradas pelo exercício físico, podendo assim alterar os mecanismos de hormesis dos tecidos ao exercício físico.
- Published
- 2015
15. Primary liver tumors in pediatric population: from pathology to clinic
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Rodrigues,Ana, Baldaia,Helena, and Carneiro,Fátima
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tumor mesenquimatoso ,pediatric liver tumor ,mesenchymal neoplasms ,Fígado ,tumor hepático pediátrico ,Liver ,tumor epitelial ,vascular neoplasms ,pathology ,epithelial neoplasms ,tumor vascular ,patologia - Abstract
As neoplasias primárias do fígado em idade pediátrica englobam um espetro complexo e amplo de tumores epiteliais, mesenquimatosos e vasculares, com comportamentos biológicos distintos (desde achados incidentais benignos a lesões malignas). Por serem entidades raras e com uma apresentação clínica inicialmente inespecífica, exigem frequentemente um elevado nível de suspeição para permitir um diagnóstico atempado. A epidemiologia, os achados clínicos e analíticos, os aspetos imagiológicos e sobretudo as características morfológicas e moleculares das lesões permitem atualmente um diagnóstico mais preciso destas entidades, com implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas. A monografia apresentada tem como objetivo a revisão da epidemiologia, da etiopatogénese, da histopatologia e das alterações moleculares das neoplasias primárias do fígado mais frequentes em idade pediátrica. Primary liver tumors in children and adolescents include a wide and complex spectrum of epithelial, mesenchymal and vascular neoplasms, ranging from benign, incidentally discovered lesions to malignant entities. A high level of suspicion is usually required for an early diagnosis of these tumors, due to their rarity and unspecific clinical presentation. The current knowledge on the clinical, analytical and imaging features as well as on the (molecular) pathology profile contributes for an earlier diagnosis, with prognostic and therapeutic implications. This paper reviews the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, histopathology and molecular features of the most common primary liver tumors in pediatric population.
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- 2013
16. Hepcidin: the key-molecule in the regulation of iron metabolismo
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Porto,Graça, Oliveira,Susana, and Pinto,Jorge Pereira
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Hepcidina ,inflamação ,fígado ,inflammation ,sobrecarga de ferro ,homeostasia do ferro ,Hepcidin ,iron homeostasis ,iron overload ,liver ,anemia - Abstract
A descoberta da hepcidina constitui uma das grandes revoluções do conhecimento na área da homeostasia do ferro. A demonstração de que este pequeno péptido de síntese maioritariamente hepática funciona como um controlador central do metabolismo do ferro e a subsequente elucidação dos seus mecanismos de acção e regulação, abriram novas portas na compreensão de um vasto leque de doenças do metabolismo do ferro e oferecem hoje novas perspectivas na prática clínica de diagnóstico e tratamento. Neste artigo são revistos alguns aspectos básicos da regulação e acção da hepcidina, e são também abordados novos conceitos que alargam o espectro de interesse à volta da hepcidina e da sua aplicação clínica The discovery of hepcidin constitutes one of the greatest revolutions in the present knowledge of iron homeostasis. The demonstration that this small peptide, synthesized mostly in the liver, functions as a central regulator of iron metabolism, and the subsequent elucidation of its mechanisms of action and regulation, all lead to a better understanding of a vast number of disorders of iron metabolismo and offer a new perspective in the diagnosis and treatment in the clinical practice. In this paper we review basic aspects of the regulation and action of hepcidin, and also address some novel concepts which enlarge the spectrum of interest around hepcidin and its clinical application
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- 2012
17. Psicopatologia e Encefalopatia Hepática
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Marques, João Gama, Telles-Correia, Diogo, and Canhoto, Manuela
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Psychiatry ,Encefalopatia Porto-Sistémica ,Fígado ,Psychopathology ,Encefalopatia Hepática ,Portosys- temic Encephalopathy ,Psicopatologia ,Psiquiatria ,Psicologia ,Liver ,Encefalopatia Hepática Mínima ,Hepatic Encephalopathy ,Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy - Abstract
Since Hippocrates that neuropsychiatric illness secondary to liver disease fascinates physicians, but only in the XIX century Marcel Nencki and Ivan Pavlov suggested the relation between high concentrations of ammonia and Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE). The reaction of ammonia and glutamate (origins glutamine, “the Trojan Horse of neurotoxicity of ammonia) continues to be the main responsible for the neurologic lesions, recently confirmed by neurochemistry and neuroimagiology studies. Glutamine starts the inflammatory reaction at the central nervous sys- tem but other important actors seem to be manganese and the neurotransmitters systems of GABA and endocanabinoids. Nowadays there are three different etiologic big groups for HE: type A associated with acute liver failure; type B associated with portosystemic bypass; and type C associated with cirrhosis of the liver. The staging of HE is still based on classic West Haven system, but a latent Grade 0 was introduced (the so called minimal HE); remaining the aggra- vating HE from Grade 1 (subtle changes at clinical examination) to Grade 4 (coma). In this work a bibliographic review was made on 30 of the most pertinent and recent papers, focusing in psychopathology, physiopathology, etiology and staging of this clinical entity transversal to Psychiatry and Gastroenterology. Alterations are described in vigility and conscience like temporal, spatial and personal disorientation. Attention, concentration and memory are impaired very early, on latent phase and can be accessed through neuropsychological tests. Mood oscillates between euphoric and depressive. Personality changes begin obviously and abruptly or in a subtle and insidious way. There can be changes in perception like visual hallucinations or even of acoustic-verbal. The thought disorders can be of delusional type, paranoid, systematized or not, but also monothematic ala Capgras Syndrome. Speech can be accelerated, slowed down or completely in- comprehensible. Insight is diminished at the very beginning at minimal HE, especially regarding the car driving abilities. Instinctive life can be impaired as various sleep disorders are present among half of HE patients; loss of appetite is common but there is a case of pica secondary to HE; and libido can seem increased by some pre-frontal type of disinhibition., Desde Hipócrates que as alterações psiquiátricas causadas por doença hepática têm fascinado os médicos, mas só em finais do século XIX é que Marcel Nencki e Ivan Pavlov sugeriram a relação entre o aumento de concentração de amónia e a Encefalopatia Hepática (EH). O fruto da reacção entre a amónia e o glutamato (a glutamina, verdadeiro “Cavalo de Tróia da neurotoxidade da amónia”) continua sendo considerado o principal responsável pelas lesões neurológicas, confirmadas recentemente através de estudos de neuroquímica e de neuroimagio- logia. A glutamina espoleta processos inflamatórios a nível do sistema nervoso central para os quais parecem também contribuir o manganésio, e os sistemas neurotransmissores gabaérgico e endocanabinóides. Actualmente consideram-se três grandes grupos etiológicos, qualitativos, de EH: tipo A associada a falência hepática aguda; tipo B associada a bypass porto-sistémico; e tipo C associada a insuficiência hepática crónica por cirrose. Quanto ao estadiamento clínico, este ainda se baseia no sistema West Haven, mas com a novidade da introdução de um Grau 0 pré-clínico (a chamada EH Mínima); à medida que agrava a EH pode ser quantificada entre o Grau 1 (com alterações subtis ao exame médico), e o Grau 4 (onde se instala o estado comatoso). Neste trabalho pretende-se fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de 30 artigos recentes, que focam os vários aspectos psico-patológicos, fisiopatológicos, etiológicos e de estadiamento nesta entidade clínica transversal à Psiquiatria e à Gastrenterologia. São descritas a nível da vigilidade e consciência: a desorientação no tempo, espaço e pessoa. Ao nível da atenção, concentração e memória há alteração dos testes neuropsicológicos logo na fase pré-clínica. O humor pode oscilar entre o eufórico e o depressivo. As alterações da personalidade podem instalar-se de forma óbvia e abrupta ou de forma subtil e insidiosa. Na percepção há alucinações visuais mas também acústico-verbais. O pensamento pode ser delirante paranóide, sistematizado ou não. O discurso poderá es- tar acelerado, lentificado ou imperceptível. O insight surge prejudicado na EH Mínima, nomeadamente para a capacidade de condução de veículos. Na vida instintiva, várias perturbações de sono atingem metade dos doentes com EH; o apetite surge diminuído mas foi descrito pelo menos um caso de pica; enquanto que a libido poderá parecer aumentada em contexto de uma desinibição semelhante à verificada nas lesões do lobo pré-frontal.
- Published
- 2011
18. The intra-hepatic glissonian approach for liver ressections
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Antonio Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Martins and Marcel Autran C. Machado
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Surgery ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Hepatic tissue ,Surgery ,Resection ,Liver ,Hepatic surgery ,medicine ,Hepatectomy ,Anatomy ,business - Abstract
The intra-hepatic glissonian approach has been considered an advance in the modern hepatic surgery by allowing a safe resection, with minor bleeding and maximum preservation of hepatic tissue. This paper explores the history, the anatomy, the techniques and how to perform and understand the intra-hepatic glissonian approaches.
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- 2008
19. Comment on Safety and Antioxidant Activity of a Pomegranate Ellagitannin-Enriched Polyphenol Dietary Supplement in Overweight Individuals with Increased Waist Size
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Ana Faria, Rosário Monteiro, Isabel Azevedo, Conceição Calhau, and Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação
- Subjects
Flavonoids ,Lythraceae ,Plant Extracts ,Gene Expression ,Polyphenols ,Outras ciências médicas ,General Chemistry ,Other medical sciences [Medical and Health sciences] ,Overweight ,Antioxidants ,Hydrolyzable Tannins ,Mice ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Liver ,Phenols ,Other medical sciences ,Dietary Supplements ,Animals ,Humans ,Waist Circumference ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Outras ciências médicas [Ciências médicas e da saúde] - Abstract
For researchers, it is a most interesting and rewarding experience to confirm the effects and discover the mechanisms of the health-enhancing power of traditionally valued foods. No doubt pomegranate fruit is such an asset. In the paper by Heber and collaborators (1), recently published in this journal, antioxidant properties, corresponding to a decrease of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after 4 weeks of daily ingestion of 1000 mg of a pomegranate ellagitannin-enriched polyphenol extract have been described. These results confirm previousreports of the antioxidant potential of pomegranate (2-4) not only in Vitro but also in ViVo, in mice and in humans (5). (...)
- Published
- 2008
20. Hepatectomia direita por videolaparoscopia
- Author
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Marcel Cerqueira César Machado, Marcel Autran C. Machado, Rodrigo C. Surjan, Telesforo Bacchella, Fabio F. Makdissi, and Antonio Roberto Franchi Teixeira
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Right hepatic vein ,Blood transfusion ,Liver/surgery ,Pfannenstiel incision ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Surgery ,Hilum (biology) ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Surgery ,Laparoscopy/methods ,Dissection ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood loss ,Liver ,medicine ,Hepatectomy ,Laparoscopy ,Vein ,business - Abstract
The first application of laparoscopic liver surgery consisted of wedge liver biopsies or resection of peripheral lesions, mostly benign. More recently, reports of anatomic left and right hepatectomy have been seen in the literature. Expertise in some centers has evolved to such an extent that even living related donor hepatectomy has been performed. The aim of this paper is to report a laparoscopic right hepatectomy and describe in detail the surgical technique employed. To our knowledge this is the first case performed in Brazil totally laparoscopically. The surgery followed four distinct phases: complete mobilization of the liver; hilum dissection with encircling of right portal vein and right hepatic artery, caval dissection using linear vascular stapler to divide right hepatic vein and parenchymal transection with harmonic shears and firings of linear staplers are used to divide segmental 5 and 8 branches of middle hepatic vein. The liver specimen was removed by Pfannenstiel incision. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated in 120 ml with no need for blood transfusion. Hospital stay was 5 days. Laparoscopic right hepatectomy is feasible, technically demanding but can be safely accomplished by surgeons who have experience in advanced laparoscopic procedures and open hepatic surgery. In Brazil laparoscopic liver surgery is still in its first years and there is a lack of technical description of this complex procedure.
- Published
- 2007
21. Derivação bíleo-digestiva com o ducto do segmento III do fígado em obstrução hilar maligna
- Author
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Nicoluzzi, João Eduardo, Paul, Gustavo Marquesini, and Caron, Pedro Ernesto
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Cholangiocarcinoma ,Liver ,Liver neoplasms - Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma of the hepatic hilum is a seldom curable lesion. Those patients are often managed with prostheses. Cholangiojejunostomy on the third segment of the liver seems to offer effective biliary drainage with better quality of life compared to other forms of palliation. The aim of this paper is to report a successful case of a patient with irressectable biliary tumor submitted to a surgical biliary drainage.
- Published
- 2006
22. Potentialities of stem cell therapy in hepatic regeneration
- Author
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Braun, Ana Caroline and Pranke, Patricia Helena Lucas
- Subjects
Liver ,Hepatocytes ,Farmácia ,Stem cells - Abstract
As células-tronco são capazes de dar origem a diferentes tecidos e órgãos. Muitos artigos e experimentos científicos têm sido realizados com o intuito de conhecer melhor os mecanismos pelos quais essas células agem para regenerar os tecidos danificados e na atividade terapêutica de doenças incuráveis. O fígado possui uma notável capacidade de auto-reparo. As células hepáticas envolvidas na regeneração do fígado expressam os muitos dos marcadores presentes nas células-tronco hematopoéticas. Além disso, já foi demonstrado que as células da medula óssea podem originar células do epitélio hepático. Neste contexto, pode-se sugerir que as células-tronco desempenham um papel de suma importância no reparo das células hepáticas lesadas. Stem cells are capable to originate several and diverse tissues and organs. A considerable number of papers and trials have been performed improve the understanding on the mechanisms by which these cells operate to regenerate damaged tissues and to treat incurable diseases. The liver has a remarkable ability for self-restoration. Hepatic cells involved in liver regeneration express many of the markers as hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, it has been shown that bone marrow cells can originate cells from hepatic epithelium. Therefore, it is conceivable to suggest that stem cells have an important role in restoring liver injuries.
- Published
- 2006
23. Variações do sistema arterial hepático e sua aplicabilidade na bipartição do fígado: estudo anatômico em cadáveres
- Author
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BERTEVELLO, Pedro Luiz and CHAIB, Eleazar
- Subjects
Artéria hepática ,Liver transplantation ,Fígado ,Liver ,Hepatic artery ,Transplante de fígado - Abstract
Racional - Com a escassez de doadores de órgãos e com o aumento da demanda para o transplante de fígado, faz-se necessário aplicação de técnicas cirúrgicas avançadas para viabilização e melhor aproveitamento dos fígados disponíveis, como a chamada técnica da bipartição do fígado, onde de um doador se consegue fazer dois transplantes hepáticos, geralmente um adulto e uma criança. Objetivos - Estudar detalhadamente a distribuição arterial em sua porção extra e intra-hepática e suas implicações na secção regrada do fígado em dois segmentos anatomicamente equivalentes (lobo esquerdo e lobo direito). Material e Métodos - Estudo de 60 fígados provenientes de cadáver fresco, examinando a artéria hepática e suas ramificações, bem como suas variações anatômicas. A secção hepática foi realizada em duas metades: lobo direito e esquerdo. Resultados - O peso total do fígado foi de 1536 ± 361,8 g, do lobo direito 890,3 ± 230,9 g e do esquerdo 649,3 ± 172,6 g. Em 1 (1,6%) caso, o tronco hepático comum, era proveniente da artéria mesentérica superior, e em outro (1,6%), a artéria hepática esquerda era proveniente da aorta abdominal. A artéria hepática direita era proveniente do tronco celíaco em 44 (73,3%) casos, em 15 (25%) era oriunda da artéria mesentérica superior, sendo que em 11 (18,3%) casos era acessória e em 4(6,6%) era dominante. A artéria hepática esquerda era acessória da artéria gástrica esquerda em 2 (3,3%) casos. Em 9 (15%) casos houve trifurcação da artéria hepática própria, originando a artéria hepática média, que ficou assim distribuída: 6 (10%) casos como tronco único para o segmento IV, em 2 (3,3%) casos para o segmento III e 1 (1,6%) para o segmento II. Em 2 (3,3%) casos, ocorreram 2 artérias hepáticas médias que irrigavam o segmento IV. Conclusão - As variações anatômicas da artéria hepática não impediram a secção do parênquima hepático em lobo direito e esquerdo. Background - The liver donor shortage and the higher demand on liver transplantation led to advanced liver surgery techniques in order to better utilization of the cadaveric liver donors. That is why the split-liver technique had been applicated in liver transplantation where the liver after been divided into two lobes would be implanted in two recipients. Aims - This paper has the goal of study both the extra-hepatic arterial distribuition and anatomie of the liver with application on the split-liver transplantation separating the liver in right and left hepatic lobe. Patients and Methods - The authors studied 60 livers from fresh cadaver looking at hepatic artery and its main anatomic variations correlating with split-liver surgery. The liver was split into two portions, right and left lobe. Results - The total liver weight was 1536 ± 361,8 g, right hepatic lobe 890,3 ± 230,9 g and left hepatic lobe 649,3 ± 172,6 g. Common hepatic trunk was found in one (1,6%) case and came from superior mesenteric artery and in another one (1,6%), both left hepatic artery and left gastric artery came from the abdominal aorta. The right hepatic artery raised from celiac trunk in 44 (73,3%) cases, and in 15 (25%) from superior mesenteric artery it was acessory in 11 (18,3%) cases and dominant in 4 (6,6%). The left hepatic artery was acessory of left gastric artery in 2 (3,3%) cases. Hepatic artery trifurcation was found in 9 (15%) cases out of this 6 (10%) to segment IV, 2 (3,3%) to segment III and 1 (1,6%) to segment II. Also we found 2 (3,3%) medium hepatic artery to segment IV. Conclusion - Hepatic artery variations allowed liver section into right and left hepatic lobe.
- Published
- 2002
24. Serum and hepatic biochemical evaluations of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) extract
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Fernandes, A. A H [UNESP], Bordon, J. G. [UNESP], Batistella, R. F. [UNESP], Nascimento, S. M. [UNESP], Silva, M. S. [UNESP], Alves, M. J Q F [UNESP], and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
liver parenchyma ,enzyme assay ,nonhuman ,plant root ,Serum protein ,animal cell ,Asteraceae ,fructan ,Fructans ,polymnia sonchifolia extract ,unclassified drug ,enzyme activity ,Metabolism ,Liver ,Medicinal plants ,medicinal plant ,biochemical composition ,plant extract ,oligosaccharide ,blood sampling ,rat ,Therapies alternatives ,aqueous solution ,alkaline phosphatase ,plant leaf - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:20:24Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:34:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0036081788.pdf: 1140575 bytes, checksum: 690fc0338650d75b9aa9355d1a94250b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:20:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-01-01 Yacon is a medicinal plant, the tuberous roots of which have been thought to contain a large amount of fructan (oligosaccharides). Purpose - The aim of paper was to study the effect of aqueous extracts of yacon on biochemical parameters of clinical importance in rats. The animals (male, wistar, weighing approximately 300g) were divided in 3 groups: G1(n=8)= water control; G2(n=8)= aqueous extract of roots (0,17g/100g/day); G3(n=8)= aqueous extract of leaves (25mg/100g/day). The serum samples were obtained after 30 days, and the biochemical parameters were measured. The livers were removed and homogenized in 0,01M phosphate buffer pH 7,0 and then the supernatant fractions were used for enzyme assay. Significantly increased serum glucose was observed in G2 (206,72±91,27 mg/dL). The groups G2 and G3 rats had higher (p
- Published
- 2002
25. Microscopic aspects of the rats liver after copaiba oil administration
- Author
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Edvaldo Lima Silveira, José Maciel Caldas dos Reis, Wellington Alves Epaminondas, Ricardo Villar Barbosa de Oliveira, Melissa Ramos Moraes, Aki Noguchi, and Marcus Vinicius Henriques Brito
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medicinal ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,RD1-811 ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Histologia ,lcsh:Surgery ,Plantas medicinais ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Plants ,Copaiba Oil ,Surgery ,Rats ,Liver ,Fígado ,Copaiba ,medicine ,business ,Corn oil ,Ratos - Abstract
A utilização de plantas medicinais é uma prática comumente observada nos países em desenvolvimento. Desta forma objetivou-se verificar os efeitos microscópicos do óleo de copaíba no fígado de ratos. Para tal foram utilizados 50 Rattus norvegicus albinus, machos, distribuídos em cinco grupos: Grupo Copaíba 0,63 (GC0,63 ml/Kg de óleo de copaíba), Grupo copaíba 0,06 (GC0,06 ml/Kg de óleo de copaíba), Grupo Água (GA0,63 ml/kg de água), Grupo milho (GM0,63 ml/Kg de óleo de milho) e grupo Padrão (GP). As substâncias foram administradas diariamente por 14 dias, quando os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que microscopicamente, não foram encontradas alterações hepatocelulares, porém, foi verificado congestão vascular nas veias portais e centrolobulares, maior no grupo GC0,63 em relação aos grupos GC0,06, GM, GA e GP (p< 0,05). Já no grupo GC0,06, apesar de não haver diferença estatística, foi observado congestão em maior intensidade que nos grupos GM, GA e GP (p>0,05) o que sugere haver uma relação dose dependente. Os autores concluem que, de acordo com a metodologia empregada, o óleo de copaíba tanto na dose de 0,06 ml/kg como de 0,63 ml/kg foi capaz de promover congestão vascular no fígado de ratos, sugerindo ação dose dependente. The use of medicinal plants is a commonly practice observed at developing countries. Then, this paper aim to verify the effect of the copaiba oil in the liver of rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were used distributed into five groups: Group Copaiba 0.63 (GC0.63 ml/kg of copaiba oil), Group Copaiba 0.06 (GC0.06 ml/kg of copaiba oil), Group Water (GA0.63 ml/kg of water), Group Corn Oil (GM0.63 ml/kg of corn oil) and Standard group (GP). The substances were administered daily by 14 days. The animals were submitted to euthanasia in the 14th day, being withdraw the liver and realized histologic study. The results demonstrated that microscopically, in the hepatocity cells no alterations were found; however, vascular congestion was verified in the portal and mid-lobular veins. A larger congestion was observed in the group GC0.63 in relation to the groups GC0.06, GM, GA and GP (p 0.05), suggesting a dose-effect relationship. Then, the authors conclude that in agreement with methodology used, the copaiba oil promote vascular congestion in the liver of rats, suggesting dose-dependent action.
- Published
- 2000
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