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Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/context: The article aims to analyze child recruitment as a form of human trafficking. Beyond the theoretical perspectives that focus on security or rights, it addresses the topic as a form of unfree labor. By means of a case study focused on child recruitment by right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia, the paper analyzes how children entered and exited illegal armed groups, the functions they performed, and the exploitation they endured. The research argues that child recruitment operates as a large-scale labor-market uptake in the wartime social order, where the “employers” are paramilitary groups, and the labor force, in part, consists of children and adolescents. Methodology: This case study relies on different sources of information: a database on child recruitment provided by the special Justice and Peace Unit of the Colombian Attorney General’s Office (989 cases between 1981 and 2005), sentences of Peace and Justice, testimonials given by victims in judicial processes, and semi-structured interviews with different actors. Conclusions: The paper shows that child recruitment as a form of trafficking is functional to wartime social order in contexts of poverty and inequality. There is demand and supply; thus, both girls and boys, who worked as soldiers, are not only victims but also agents that make decisions in challenging conditions. Therefore, if the socioeconomic options for these children, even after their demobilization from the armed group, are still a choice between bad and worse, joining a violent (no longer “armed” but “criminal”) group will remain a feasible alternative. Originality: The article contributes to the academic literature on a recent topic, such as the overlapping between child recruitment and human trafficking in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. It also contributes to the literature on “unfree labor,” as the study focuses on an actor (illegal armed groups) that has not been analyzed until now. Finally, the research demonstrates the limits of understanding human trafficking (and child recruitment as a form of trafficking) as a problem of security or rights entitlement. It highlights the analytical and political advantages of categories such as “unfree labor” to provide effective solutions for the prevention and reintegration of child soldiers.

ABSTRACT Using estimations by Bresser-Pereira et al. (2021), this paper analyses the misalignment between the real exchange rate and the current account equilibrium exchange rate in Colombia in the last two decades (2000-2020). Evidence suggests that the commodity boom and bust cycle in this period is important to explain (i) the main trend of the misalignment, (ii) the deterioration of the current account in recent years and (iii) the general macroeconomic performance of the Colombian economy. A discussion about macroeconomic development and stability is also provided in the context of the Colombian financial configuration, characterized by a flexible exchange rate regime, central bank independence and inflation targeting. Ideas in this paper are consistent with key elements in the New Developmentalism Theory.

La literatura sobre el uso de sistemas de decisión automatizada (SDA) en el sector público ha dado cuenta de su creciente adopción en América Latina. En el caso de Colombia, no existen trabajos que mapeen y caractericen de forma sistemática el uso de SDA por parte del Estado. Este artículo contribuye a cerrar esa brecha en la literatura a partir del análisis de una nueva base de datos sobre 113 SDA de entidades del sector público colombiano, de los cuales 97 se encuentran en funcionamiento (86%), 14 en pilotaje (12%) y dos más que fueron descontinuados. La base de datos caracteriza los sistemas a partir de 40 variables y fue creada con más de 300 fuentes de información pública. Este artículo describe las principales características, usos y potenciales beneficios de estos sistemas en Colombia. Identificamos sistemas implementados por 51 entidades públicas nacionales y subnacionales del poder ejecutivo, así como por entidades de la rama judicial y de organismos de control. El grueso de los 111 sistemas que están en etapa de pilotaje o en ejecución fueron adoptados por entidades públicas del orden nacional (74%) y la gran mayoría fueron implementados por entidades del poder público ejecutivo (93%). Los SDA son usados para realizar una amplia gama de funciones y para apoyar diferentes tipos de actividades estatales, pero más de la mitad de los sistemas son usados para apoyar actividades de los sectores justicia (18%), educación (17%), y medio ambiente (13%). Además, la mayoría de los SDA pueden aportar a la implementación de políticas públicas (el 98%), pero algunos también pueden contribuir con otras fases del ciclo de las políticas públicas (12% al agendamiento, 18% a formulación y 2% a evaluación). Finalmente, el artículo identifica potenciales riesgos asociados al uso de diferentes tipos de SDA por parte entidades públicas.

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conjuntura Internacional is the property of Conjuntura Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how Colombia’s Justicia Especial para la Paz (JEP) emerges as a tribunal within which the roles of history, politics, and transitional justice becomes contested. The paper starts by placing the JEP in a historical, social, and political context. Building on the contextualization, it focuses on how the JEP appears to be an extension of the five-decade long conflict in Colombia in its attempt to deal with the past. The paper underscores how punishing “bad” things is not an easy task. Against this background, the paper challenges the boundaries of criminal liability by discussing and analyzing “storytelling” as an alternative to truth-telling in the JEP in order to not only provide additional nuances to the conflict, but also as a way to, at least theoretically, tie different social collectives together in a post-conflict society and enable the courtroom to function constructively with difficult social issues in the aftermath of cataclysm.

Copyright of Palabra Clave is the property of Universidad de la Sabana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the guerrilla's strategic weakening and the establishment of the peace dialogues between the FARC and the national government, it started a situation of post-armed conflict, which has been accompanied with the transformation of the Colombian armed forces. In this way, the present paper aims to analyze this initiated in 2011, with the objective of identifying the new role that has been delegated to the military in the context of post-conflict that started with the signing of the Havana Peace Accords in 2016. The hypothesis of the paper is that the process, in one hand, has been consolidating the Colombian armed forces as an institution turned to the accomplishment of subsidiary tasks and, in the other, it has contributed to a renewal of the military dependency with the USA, although with different bases in relation to those observed during the Plan Colombia time. The methodolo gy employed in this research consisted of data analysis collected in international databases, analysis of documents from the Colombian government and literature review about military transformation. Despite this process involving the three armed forces (Army, Navy and Air Force), the first one has been more affected, which for this reason it will be more analyzed.

Kamsá is a language isolate spoken in the Sibundoy Valley in the Putumayo department of southern Colombia. Its speech community lives on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains, between the linguistic areas of the Andes and the Amazon. This paper presents various grammatical features of Kamsá, including its phonology, nominal morphology (especially noun class and case marking), verbal morphology (especially person/number marking for core arguments and evidentiality), morphosyntactic alignment, and syntax (including discussion of causatives, comparatives, and subordinate clauses). In doing so, the paper places Kamsá within its typological and geographical context, between the Amazon and the Andes.

Este artículo expone los resultados del análisis de la representación mediática, sobre el conflicto de la Reserva Thomas Van der Hammen en Bogotá durante el 2016. Para este propósito, la metodología empleada será de corte cualitativo, utilizando como método el análisis del discurso de las noticias publicadas por los periódicos El Espectador y El Tiempo. Igualmente, la técnica de investigación se basará en las entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los actores claves del hecho. Los resultados permitirán afirmar que, la representación mediática de esta Reserva se realizó a partir de fuentes institucionales, desconociendo a los actores sociales como los habitantes de la zona y se construyó a partir de hechos coyunturales y puntuales. Asimismo, la prensa representó a la Reserva como un conflicto político, entre el alcalde Enrique Peñalosa, frente a grupos ambientalistas del país y grupos de oposición a la administración distrital.

Introducción: Con la creciente demanda de aplicaciones en el mercado, las empresas han priorizado atender las necesidades tecnológicas del usuario promedio en detrimento de aquellos con diversidad funcional. Esto ha convertido la accesibilidad en un desafío crucial en diversos contextos, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde la diversidad de personas que acceden a contenido web es notable. Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta un estudio basado en una inspección de accesibilidad de seis portales web pertenecientes a universidades en la ciudad de Cartagena. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre la inclusión de pautas de accesibilidad y los factores de posicionamiento web obtenidos a través de Webometrics. Metodología: Se definen cinco fases metodológicas: elección de los portales web, selección de herramientas de inspección, aplicación de la inspección de accesibilidad, análisis de los resultados y formulación de conclusiones y recomendaciones. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio, se ha determinado una correlación superior a 0.8 entre el ranking local de las universidades según Webometrics y el ranking de problemas de accesibilidad identificados mediante herramientas de inspección automática. Conclusiones: El uso de herramientas automáticas de evaluación web debería ser implementado por las instituciones educativas para mejorar la accesibilidad de los sitios institucionales. Esta revisión periódica y la corrección de errores es una buena práctica para mejorar el posicionamiento local e internacional. ABSTRACT Introduction: With the growing demand for applications in the market, companies have increasingly focused on meeting the technological needs of the average user, often overlooking those with functional diversity. Consequently, accessibility has emerged as a critical challenge across various contexts, particularly within the educational sphere, where the diverse range of individuals accessing web content is particularly pronounced. Objective: This paper presents a study centered on the accessibility inspection of six university websites located in the city of Cartagena. The primary aim is to ascertain the relationship between the integration of accessibility guidelines and web positioning factors as determined by Webometrics. Methodology: The methodology comprises five distinct phases: website selection, tool selection for inspection, execution of accessibility inspection, analysis of obtained results, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations. Results: The study revealed a correlation exceeding 0.8 between the local ranking of universities according to Webometrics and the ranking of accessibility issues identified through automated inspection tools. Conclusions: It is recommended that educational institutions adopt automatic web evaluation tools to enhance the accessibility of their institutional websites. This regular review and rectification of issues represent best practices for improving both local and international visibility and usability.

Copyright of Etnográfica: Revista do Centro de Estudos de Antropologia Social is the property of Centro em Rede de Investigacao em Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo desarrolla un análisis de la Política nacional de Envejecimiento humano y vejez en Colombia 2015-2024 y de Política Nacional de Salud mental de 2018, con énfasis en la sa-lud mental de la población adulta mayor, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones establecidas en el contexto internacional desde 2002 en esta área. Metodología: Se realiza un análisis de cada política pública y un abordaje comparativo. Resultados: Se evidencia en el análisis de cada política y su comparación, los avances en los enfoques de derechos humanos, curso de vida y participación social ciudadana. Sin embargo, carecen cada una de ellas de elementos comprensivos y de aproximación específica de la salud mental en la población adulta mayor. Así también, se ven limitadas al abordar la salud mental en términos positivos. Esto subesti-ma la alta carga acumulada de esta población y sus familias, así como comprender la salud mental como una construcción social.

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciência da Informação is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciencia da Informacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) linked to the 2030 Agenda have been widely accepted by public and private companies, with many choosing to incorporate them within the framework of their social responsibility initiatives. This research article aims to find out how the SDGs are reflected in corporate sustainability reports and in which business activities they stand out the most. To this end, using a sequential explanatory methodology, the authors analyzed 12 sustainability reports issued in 2021 by large companies in Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador to verify their alignment with the SDGs. The reports showed evidence of a diverse range of programs associated with at least three SDGs, thus highlighting the importance of fulfilling not only the needs based on each company’s field of expertise but also those of its audiences and the community in general. The most prevalent SDGs were “decent work and economic growth” (SDG 8) and “gender equality” (SDG 5), followed by “responsible consumption and production” (SDG 12). This paper contributes to a growing interest among academia in the research on sustainability communication evidenced in annual reports.

This paper focuses on the link between Transitional Justice (TJ) and Indigenous Peoples in Colombia. The aim is to identify and discuss how Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC) has used and appropriated the Transitional Justice in Colombia during the past 10 years. Thus, the main argument is the Colombian TJ, which is a social process of interactions involving diverse types of agents and multiple levels of law. This implies that Indigenous Peoples have engaged in a TJ from below through multi-sited uses of the discourse. This case study is analysed through a socio-legal and the sociology of social movements approach that articulates Law and globalization perspectives and, the diffusion and uses of law. The action-research perspective, the qualitative approach of ethnography and the methods of non-participant observation and in-depth interviews of some activists and social actors are used. In addition, qualitative content analysis of laws, policy papers, NGOs and indigenous organizations reports. Este artículo se centra en la relación entre la Justicia Transicional (JT) y los Pueblos Indígenas en Colombia. El objetivo es identificar y debatir cómo la Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC) ha utilizado y se ha apropiado de la Justicia Transicional durante los últimos 10 años. El argumento central es que la JT colombiana es un proceso social de interacciones que involucra diversos tipos de agentes y niveles del derecho. Esto implica que los Pueblos Indígenas se han involucrado en una JT desde abajo a través de los usos del discurso en múltiples lugares. Este estudio de caso es analizado a través de un enfoque socio-jurídico y de sociología de los movimientos sociales que articula las perspectivas del Derecho y la globalización, y la difusión y los usos del derecho. Metodológicamente usa la perspectiva de la investigación-acción, el enfoque cualitativo de la etnografía y los métodos de observación no participante y entrevistas en profundidad, y el análisis de contenido cualitativo de leyes, de documentos de políticas públicas, de ONG y de informes. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0960

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social protests were crucial to the election of Colombia's progressive government in 2022. However, it's role in the violence against Venezuelan migrants that preceded it is still unclear. This paper examines racial bias in media responses to Venezuelan migrants during Colombia's 2019-2021 social protests. Theorists suggest that structural changes like migration can normalize hostility against vulnerable groups when specific conditions increase hostile perceptions. Colombia's press has not been scrutinized for misanthropic and hostile views, focusing on xenophobic urban riots that occurred alongside social protests in November 2019. We conducted a content analysis of Colombian newspapers, linking migration, violence, and protests, along with public migration data from Venezuela. Our findings reveal that social movements in Colombia intersect with contemporary Venezuelan migration, highlighting the ambivalence of social protests. While protests may have shifted attention away from racist attributions toward Venezuelan migrants, they do not signify a new perception of vulnerable populations.

En este trabajo se estudian las maneras en que diferentes diarios colombianos construyen discursivamente, en sus versiones online, determinados participantes y procesos, en una temporalidad y espacialidad específica de carácter coyuntural. El marco teórico y metodológico se inscribe en los postulados de la Lingüística Crítica, atendiendo a dos ideas claves de esta escuela, la clasificación y los paradigmas de disputa. El artículo muestra cómo la discusión en torno del tópico La Macarena comienza con la denominación “fosa” y termina en la denominación “cementerio”, dejando entrever la disputa ideológica y las trasformaciones discursivas que activan mecanismos de silenciamiento en la construcción y clasificación discursiva del mundo social. Abstract This paper analyzes the ways in which various Colombian online newspapers construct discursively certain participants and processes in a conjunctural and specific temporality and spatiality. The theoretical and methodological framework is part of the postulates of Critical Linguistics, specially two key ideas of these theories: classification and paradigms of dispute. The paper shows how the discussion of topical La Macarena begins with the sign “fosa” and ends with the sign “cementerio”, suggesting the ideological dispute and discursive transformations that trigger silencing mechanisms in discursive construction and classification of the social world.

Copyright of Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura is the property of Revista Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper contributes to the important body of research on entrepreneurship and social capital. Most previous work on social capital and business incubators has analyzed how the structure of personal networks (measured by network size or density) and their quality (measured by tie strength) influence venture performance. However, few studies have focused on the mobilization of partners’ resources. This paper analyses how these three dimensions of social capital —defined in this article as the structural dimension, the relational dimension and the resource dimension— are closely linked to the three types of interactions in a business incubator: networking, counseling and resourcing. An Ordinary Least Squares regression was applied to a sample made up of incubating firms in Colombia. Results from the data analysis show that resourcing interactions constitute the most significant aspect of business incubators for entrepreneurs.

This paper presents a study on the intentions to quit of employees working in Colombian cooperatives. These enterprises were created to include woman affected by political violence into the labor market. According to some scholars, cooperative enterprises driven by a fundamental social mission face retention and recruitment problems. 332 workers participated in the survey. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analyses. The findings suggest that within this type of enterprise, leader-member exchange has a negative indirect effect on turnover intentions. Consistent with previous research, this relationship is mediated by perceived organizational support. Moreover, the relationship between leader-member exchange and turnover intentions is also mediated by job-embeddedness. The limitations of the study as well as practical and theoretical implications are presented at the end of the paper.

El objeto de las siguientes líneas pasa por hacer valer, como hipótesis de investigación, la periferialización experimentada por el conflicto armado colombiano en los últimos años. Como consecuencia del alcance experimentado por la Política de Seguridad Democrática y el Plan Colombia, pero también por el particular impacto del paramilitarismo, se ha llevado a cabo una tendencia centrífuga de la seguridad pública pero también de la violencia derivada del conflicto armado. Esta periferialización plantea un importante reto al Estado colombiano, sobre todo, porque una hipotética desactivación del conflicto con las FARC, y posiblemente con el ELN, dentro de los actuales diálogos de La Habana, solo será posible si se aboga por la superación de unos condicionantes estructurales de la violencia que, hoy por hoy, continúan irresolutos. De no darse esta circunstancia, muy posiblemente el sentido de la paz en Colombia siga siendo limitado y confiera a una parte importante de su territorio una lógica en la que la presencia de los grupos armados irregulares y la traducción violenta que ello supone siga resultando una constante lejos de cualquier atisbo de superación.

The current migratory movement from Venezuela to Colombia is at the heart of a heated debate. This paper aims to focus the attention on the Colombian context, starting from the transition process generated after the internal armed conflict. After that, border dynamics and migration policies will be examined, highlighting how the centrality of the subject order / disorder, social harmony / disharmony has also oriented the construction of the figure of the Venezuelan migrant both politically and in the media, with consequences on the reception and inclusion.

This paper describes the Colombian legal framework applicable for the mining industry and identifies the problematic issues within and then proposes some straightforward reforms. To accomplish this objective the presents some information about the importance of this activity in the current political and economic setting and describes the fast growth of this industry as well as the influence of the global markets with regard to the needs of the mining activity. The paper proposes six basic reforms to adjust the legal framework to the current challenges of the industry.

This paper investigates the suitability of the economic reintegration strategy for former Colombian combatants, taking into account the challenges facing this population. It argues that the international discourse primarily consists of a market-centred versus a people-centred perspective, each with a distinct approach to economic reintegration. The paper finds that in Colombia there was a lack of inclusion of key stakeholders in the initial design of the process. As a result, the economic reintegration strategy ended up merely accommodating certain neoliberal ideals and thereby leaned towards a market-centred approach. Lately, steps have been taken towards an increasingly people-centred approach. This is currently reflected in improved results of the process, which predict a brighter future for economic reintegration of former combatants in Colombia.

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación exploratoria a través de un estudio comparado para conocer la situación de las bibliotecas públicas en México y Colombia. Se exponen los antecedentes y el marco conceptual, los comparativos de datos socio-demográficos, legales y normativos, las estructuras bibliotecarias y la información de estadísticas e indicadores generados en cada uno de estos países. Además, se considera una propuesta del Programa Iberoamericano de Cooperación en Bibliotecas Públicas (PICBIP) para un sistema de indicadores de gestión mínimos para las bibliotecas públicas de Iberoamérica, se presentan conclusiones de este estudio y recomendaciones sobre las líneas de investigación a seguir.A report of the results of a comparative study of public libraries in Mexico and Colombia is provided in this paper, which examines the respective backgrounds and operative rules; legal and theoretical frameworks, as well as the statistical indicators of the libraries in each country. The paper also examines the minimal management indicators for public libraries developed by the Iberian-American Program for Cooperation in Public Libraries (PICBIP, by its Spanish acronym ), followed by conclusions and recommendation for further research.

En el presente estudio, que parte de la investigación doctoral, buscamos en primera medida realizar un acercamiento al proceso de descentralización latinoamericano en su conjunto para observar sus avances y sus dificultades más visibles, remarcando la importancia de la institucionalidad (tanto formal como informal) en los niveles de éxito o fracaso de dichas reformas. A punto seguido, tomamos el caso colombiano para realizar una revisión a dos bandas: en primer lugar, observamos el diseño de las instituciones que enmarcan dicha transferencia de competencias, para luego, por medio de un estudio de caso, señalar puntos de importancia dentro de los contextos locales que marcan la prevalencia (y en ocasiones fortalecimiento) de mecanismos no democráticos después de las reformas de descentralización. Terminamos este trabajo enfatizando la necesidad de revisar no solo las cuestiones formales que implica un nuevo protagonismo de la esfera local, sino también las cuestiones informales trazadas por las concepciones sociales alrededor de lo público, del papel de los organismos estatales, y de la propia ciudadanía en la definición de objetivos y en la implementación de mecanismos que permita alcanzarlos de manera conjunta en pos del bien común.

El propósito fundamental de las siguientes líneas es mostrar cuál es el estado de la cuestión actual del conflicto armado en Colombia partiendo del fortalecimiento del Estado en los últimos años gracias a la puesta en marcha de instrumentos que ha devenido eficaces, como la Política de Seguridad Democrática de la Administración Uribe o el Plan Colombia resultante del acuerdo Pastrana-Clinton en 1999 y continuado en toda la década pasada. Una situación similar se vive en México en donde los carteles del narcotráfico han provocado el debilitamiento de las estructuras del Estado y en el que desde 2006 se ha observado un crecimiento exponencial de la violencia y criminalidad. El objetivo es mostrar cómo, actualmente, el conflicto colombiano se halla en una tesitura en la que nuevos avances y éxitos de la enjundia y el alcance de los últimos años parecen difíciles de repetir. Los escenarios en disputa disponen de una sólida presencia de los grupos armados ilegales de manera que, tal vez, sea el momento de optar por nuevas estrategias, como la cooperación transfronteriza, que puedan suponer un nuevo horizonte de oportunidades para nuevas conquistas por parte del Estado.

This paper describes Antonio Ricaurte’s life as a childhero and martyr in the Independence of Colombia (1792- 1814). So it begins with the academic, literary, poetic, iconographic and pedagogical background related to Jose Maria Espinosa’s paintings and drawings. After, it is consolidated in the Papel Periódico Ilustrado de Bogotá journal, on the second half of the XIX century. Ricaurte’s polemic myth as a child hero is used during the conservative administrations (the regeneration and the hegemony) and the Catholic Church in Colombia, to awake, in the children and young people, the love for the country during the commemoration of his anniversaries (Ricaurte’s birth and death). Hence, it helps in the process of nation construction by appealing to the children heroes. Same example is Los Niños Héroes de Chapultepec in the oficial Mexican history. This paper collects a mixture of written sources with the National Independence iconographic sources.

Between 1910 and 1915 the American Museum of Natural History carried out several expeditions in Colombian territory. Taking into account recent studies on U.S. cultural imperialism and science and imperialism, this paper analyzes the collections of birds from these expeditions to explore the role of North American imperialism in science, as well as the role of North American science in the expansion of the United States in the first decades of the twentieth century. The paper illustrates how theories of race and migration shaped the way in which North American naturalists appropriated and comprehended Colombian nature. Likewise, the paper explores the perspective of Colombian naturalists towards the expeditions, concluding that, far from being mere puppets of North American interests, Colombians used the relationship with U.S. naturalists to pursue their own agendas.

Copyright of História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos is the property of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: The year 2021 marked the 50th anniversary of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC), the first organization established in Colombia to fight for territorial and identity rights of Indigenous Peoples. From a historical perspective and proposing an approach related to the concept of resistance, this paper focuses on how this latter has been expressed through this indigenous movement since its inception. Methodology: The information and reflections presented here are based on a corpus of bibliographical and documentary sources, as well as on a follow-up of the political mobilizations of indigenous peoples in situ, in the media, digital social networks, official minutes, and other statements. Conclusions: The analysis reveals the persistence of indigenous resistance and an expansion of the project that accompanies it, from a struggle for land and territory to efforts carried out along with other actors and social organizations to create a “better world.” Originality: The originality of the article consists of an analysis of the political dimensions of the resistance of Indigenous Peoples, which are still little known. In addition, it offers a novel approach to stress the intersection of (sub) national and global dynamics in which the demands of Indigenous Peoples and issues related to Colombia’s society and the whole world converge.

This paper aims to analyse the participation of Latin America in the League of Nations, by considering Colombia as a case study. Through a historical approach and using diplomatic sources, the purpose of the essay is to find out the orientation of Bogota’s governments about the structure of an organism built to ensure peace, but from the beginning lacerated by the tension between the traditional politics of power and the aspirations for universal cooperation schemes.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Economic growth is not always related to social welfare. Therefore, this paper takes the case of the Colombian economy that has a strong dependence on commodity exploitation to identify the impacts of different commodities such as oil, coffee, coal, and nickel over economic variables. The results show that the increase in prices of commodities generates significant impacts on economic activity in variables such as GDP and investment. Also, there are no significant impacts on variables that provide welfare to individuals as total consumption or the unemployment rate.

A territorial approach to food security: building connections between the city and contryside with the Food Acquisition Program (PAA): considerations for the Colombian case In Latin America both urban studies and rural studies have offered various proposals and debates on the transformation of the rural-urban relationship, however, although we are considered some of the most relevant perspectives, even if are considered the most relevant perspectives, reflection we suggest in this paper highlight some part of permanence which we believe are key elements in analyzing the contemporary context of this relationship: the agrarian dimension of rurality, bimodality in agricultural production from the colonial period to the present, and especially, the food issue. With the spotlight on the role of family farming for food security in Brazil and Colombia, a summary of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) is presented, looking especially at the program's scope and limitations as an articulator of urban and rural territories, as the possibility of linking the popular sectors of the countryside and the city. The following section outlines a proposal for a territorial approach to food security, and underscores the contributions of geography to understanding the food process by which food is indispensably linked the countryside and the city. Finally, considerations are made regarding the implementation of development strategies for family farming in Colombia, based on the experience of PAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectiu. Indagar sobre la relació entre memòria i arxiu que estableixen els investigadors del conflicte armat colombià. -- Metodologia. Des de la perspectiva dels estats de l'art, analitzem la informació secundària produïda i divulgada a Colòmbia, en l'última dècada, sobre memòria col·lectiva del conflicte. L'estudi de la producció documental ens permet revelar les característiques presents en la descripció, l'anàlisi i la interpretació que fan els investigadors. És a dir, passem de la mera recopilació i l'ordenament dels estudis a formular hipòtesis i traçar camins per continuar estudiant el tema. -- Resultats. Aquest article deriva d'un balanç de les investigacions produïdes en l'última dècada a Colòmbia que prenen les expressions de la memòria col·lectiva com a nucli per a l'anàlisi del conflicte armat. En el cas concret dels arxius, els treballs analitzats permeten fer un diagnòstic de la seva situació en relació amb la protecció dels drets humans al país, del qual es desprenen tres grans temes. En primer lloc, la necessitat de dur a terme un inventari dels arxius de drets humans, patrimonis dispersos molt amplis, entre els quals hi ha: arxius governamentals, d'organismes de víctimes i familiars i de defensa dels drets fonamentals, comissions investigadores i tribunals judicials, col·leccions particulars entorn de persones o temes que actuen o s'aborden durant el conflicte. En segon lloc, es manifesta la urgència de recopilar els materials i organitzar els patrimonis, entre els quals hi ha els que recullen els testimonis efímers de les víctimes, que han servit de suport als investigadors. En tercer i últim lloc, es fa referència a la importància de pensar, des de la disciplina arxivística, en el paper fonamental que compleixen els arxius en la mesura que són memòria i testimoni de la societat, especialment en un país tan colpejat per la violència, on les víctimes no disposen, moltes vegades, dels documents per fer valer els seus drets.Objectives. To investigate the relationship between memory and archive records established by researchers of the Colombian armed conflict. -- Methodology. Taking a state-of-the-art perspective, this paper analyses the secondary information produced and disseminated in Colombia in the last decade related to the collective memory of the conflict. This study of the production of documents allows us to identify the characteristics present in the description, analysis and interpretation that researchers make. In other words, rather than a simple compilation and organisation of the respective studies, we formulate hypotheses and suggest future paths for studying the records. -- Results. This article is based on an assessment of the research undertaken in the last decade in Colombia that take expressions of collective memory as their focus in analysing the armed conflict. In the specific case of the archives, the studies analysed allow us to make a diagnosis of the current situation regarding the protection of human rights in the country. Three main themes emerge: first, the need to build an inventory of human rights records, which represent a very broad and disperse heritage, among which are included: the records of the government, those of organizations of victims and relatives and of human rights defence groups, of investigative commissions and law courts, as well as those held in private collections focused on individuals involved in the conflict or which address topics related to the conflict. Second, there is an obvious urgency to compile the materials and organize the heritage, among which are to be found the documents that report the ephemeral testimonies of the victims, which have served to support the researchers in their work. Third and finally, the importance of thinking from within the perspective provided by the archival sciences is more than apparent, given the fundamental role played by the records as the memory and testimony of society, especially in a country that has suffered such violence and where the victims more often than not have no documents that help them assert their rights.

Se trata de retomar un planteamiento que había hecho el historiador inglés Eric Hobsbawm, en el sentido de reelaborar la tipología del bandolero social. Según él, para reelaborarlo era necesario contar con muchos más estudios de casos. A partir de algunos de ellos, el artículo se centra en dar cuenta del debate que ha generado el modelo del bandolerismo de Hobsbwm desde mediados del siglo XX. En primer lugar, doy cuenta, cómo sus discípulos y críticos han interpretado su modelo, principalmente el del bandolero social. Un segundo aspecto tiene que ver con algunos casos de bandolerismo mediterráneo, principalmente el catalán, el que se ha dado en el Magreb y el itálico. Por último, doy cuenta de un caso particular de bandolerismo social en el Tolima, Colombia: el del “Palomo” Aguirre. Palabras clave: historia, bandolerismo social, Colombia, Tolima. Social Banditry. The Case of Northen Tolima (Colombia) Abstract This paper is about retaking an approach made by the English historian Eric Hobsbawm, in the sense of reworking social bandit’s typology. According to him, in order to rework it, many more case studies were needed. Based on some of them, this paper focuses on accounting for the debate generated by Hobsbwm banditry’s model since mid-20th century. First, I account for the way his disciples and critics have interpreted his model, mainly that of the social bandit. A second aspect deals with some cases of Mediterranean banditry, especially the Catalan, the Italic and the one that took place in Maghreb. Finally, I account for a particular case of social banditry in Tolima, Colombia: the one of “Palomo Aguirre”. Keywords: history, social banditry, Colombia, Tolima.

In the last few years, Colombian ELT scholars have become aware of the importance of discourse for the dissemination of ideologies and agendas. As a result, the number of studies on this area has shown an unprecedented growth. Nevertheless, few investigations have explored and analyzed both sides simultaneously so as to display not only the types of hegemonic discourses that have permeated the field but also those which have recently emerged in response to such a situation. Considering these elements, this paper reports on a qualitative case study carried out with the purpose of analyzing the latest types of hegemonic discourses and discourses of resistance that have taken place in elt in Colombia. After analyzing the data gathered, which consisted of empirical and conceptual articles, as well as linguistic policies emitted by the Colombian Ministry of Education (men), the results showed that discourses revolving around bilingualism (understood as the English-Spanish relationship), identity, and native speakerism have been a recurrent aspect in the Colombian elt field. Yet, findings also suggest that, especially in the last decade, elt scholars have been resisting these discourses by promoting alternative ones that acknowledge initiatives in different areas of knowledge. In light of these aspects, it is recommended to keep resisting and promoting an agenda of decolonization so that alternative discourses, as is the case of those that acknowledge the incorporation of epistemologies that have been historically overlooked, continue gaining traction within the field.