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Two passages in Curtius Rufus' Historiae can be read within the context of a tradition in Roman historiography of including speeches by foreign enemies to voice critical views of Roman imperialism. In this paper, Darius' pre-battle speech at Gaugamela (4.14.9-26) and the Scythian ambassador's speech before Alexander (7.8.12-30) will be analyzed to show that behind an apparent rebuke of Alexander the Great emerges a strong criticism of Rome's imperial expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on nationality and colonialism, starting from the category of "creolization" present in Cape Verdean literature. It analyzes its origin and contribution to the formation of a "myth of origin". It observes nationalization in Africa and its relation to Portuguese domination and post-colonial policies. Finally, it presents contributions from several authors on nation, colonialism and national imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]