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The paper examines some key places in G. Vico's work, De antiquissima Italorum sapientia ex linguae latinae originibus eruenda (1710), in which the distinction between physics and metaphysics is never transformed into absolute distance, just as the heterogeneity of the infinite with respect to the finite is not dissolved. This is the great theme of the new metaphysics, concerned with reconciling itself with 'our religion', Christianity, and the limits of human reason in controversy with 'the first true meditated by Renato Descartes'. Man is not only the meeting point of nature and spirit but also the place of evil, of original sin, and yet vis veri, according to Augustine's lesson that helps correct Malebranche. The theoretical novelty lies in the assimilation of the ingenious faculty to the formative forces (memory, imagination and fantasy) capable of carrying out synthetic operations, devalued by Cartesian gnoseology and psychology. If the verum is the factum, the latter is the fruit of 'fictiones', i.e. of mental constructions made by the ingenium and its 'eye', the 'phantasy', capable of referring the metaphysical prototype of the divine truth to human operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we tried to examine the grounds of the cartesian thesis of the continued creation as well as the conception of time that it implies. On the one hand the necessity to take time as metaphysically discrete and as physically continuous from the analysis of the connections between inertia, causality and temporality was examined. On the other hand we sought to explain the possibility of such a conception by analyzing the main Cartesian theses about time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the present paper aims to offer an introductory approach of Immanuel Kant's first work, namely, the Thoughts on the true estimation of living forces, published in 1749. In a first moment, it tries to understand Kant's possible motivations when publishing this work in vernacular language (even in middle of financial difficulties), from the ambience of the University of Königsberg. Next, it refers briefly to the historical-philosophical context of the controversy about living forces, which basically consisted of a difference between Cartesians and leibnizians regarding the measurement of the force of a moving body. Finally, it presents Kant's position in the debate, as it is presented in the mentioned work, evaluating it in its scientific, metaphysical and methodological aspects. the central thesis is that, although Kant's first work presents gaps with regard the scientific knowledge of his time, he offers interesting contributions to the understanding of the author's philosophical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, a pivotal work for the interpretation of the philosophies of nature in German idealism, as a disciplin contained in the 'Architectonic of Pure Reason', that is, as an applied metaphysics of corporeal substance. In order to do so we initially discuss the distinction made in the preface to the work between a transcendental and a metaphysical-specific part of metaphysics of nature. As result we come to the conception of matter, taken as something moveable in space, as a minimal empirical concept for constituting the object of a metaphysics of corporeal substance. Further the opposition between transcendental and metaphysical principles is addressed as a key for understanding how the transcendental principles of the Critique of Pure Reason become the principles of Newtonian physics. Finally, we analyse how the metaphysics of nature exemplifies the idea of realization of the transcendental principles understood as the transition to the empirical realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]