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Abstract In a previous paper in this journal, Jennifer Frey presented three arguments against New-Kantian approaches. This paper briefly reiterates these arguments and shows why New-Kantian positions do not succumb to them. Most noteworthy, such positions are formal and not substantive. They care little about the question whether people pursue the same goods and instead stress the role of procedure in explicating rationality and consent in explicating the good. By stressing this distinction between formal and substantive approaches, this paper also provides a hint to the contentious topic of how Kantians can deal with cultural diversity, historicity, and plurality in ethics. It finishes with some questions to the author of the previous paper: do non-formal approaches imply that peace can only exist within similarity?

ABSTRACT The seed deterioration process during storage is inevitable, but it can be slowed down using packaging that reduces the influence of the external environment on stored corn seeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of corn seeds stored in different packages and subjected to storage conditions in the central region of Brazil. Thirty-seven corn genotypes were analyzed in three storage environments: multiwall paper, 10 °C temperature, and 40% relative air humidity; multiwall paper under uncontrolled conditions; and hermetic packaging under uncontrolled conditions. The results of germination, water content, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, soilless cold test, and field emergence test were used. Physiological quality assessments indicated that storage under conditions of 10 °C temperature and 40% relative air humidity is more efficient in preserving corn seeds' physiological quality than packaging in an uncontrolled environment.

This paper is a poetic self-study based on a community education project in which the author was involved and in which poetry was a process of social transformation. There is a poetic process of weaving between writings produced during the project, occurred years ago, and writings created for this self-study. Its main purpose is to reflect on this poetic process, questioning how it can continue to illuminate our understandings, develop dialogue and transcend contradictions and ambivalences. A few meaningful events are selected where poetry played a relevant part and where poetic writing, combinins sounds and silence to create a singular musicality, is assumed as a way of deepening and transforming understanding and practice. It is a poetic organisation of rhizomatic relations that facilitates the flow of reflexivity and evocation of the movements experienced during the project and identified as important. They are in accordance with the principles of the project, where dialogical and critical approaches are emphasised. In the final sections the author discuss her positionalities and conflicts as researcher, educator and poet assumed along the process, and conclude by reflecting on some of the main contributions of this paper to the poetic self-study field and poetic inquiry.

This paper presents reflections on two emblematic works by Iannis Xenakis: Rebonds (1987-1989) and Okho (1989). The perpetuation of the myth of the impossible as a poetic trait of this composer’s production is the main justification for the practices of simplification and self-indulgence of the percussive community around his pieces. Rebonds led us to a more direct reflection around technical solutions to challenges found in the musical text: the double appoggiatura (drag) and the rolls on the wooden instruments. In Okho, we demonstrate the dynamic process of searching for timbres on the djembé, observing the tension of what was called ‘transplanting’ compositional material from a piece written to be played with drumsticks (Rebonds) to one played with bare hands. Having Irlandini (2020), Solomos (1996), Soteriou (2011) and Stasi (2011) as bibliographical references, the main goal of this paper is to present possible performance solutions for excerpts of percussion music by Xenakis that might evoke the notion of ‘impossible’.

In this paper a baseline of contemporary access to justice research is established. The baseline clearly illustrates key features of the research field suggesting that while the field of research has become more multifaceted in the course of the last two or three decades, it is nevertheless very much dominated by law scholarship and structural analysis of legal service provision. Departing from this overview of access to justice research as of today, five calls for future research on access to justice explicated in the reviewed literature is presented and discussed. I argue that future research on access to justice should: 1) Reach a clearer understanding of the problem (of access to justice), 2) consider a multidisciplinary approach, 3) support and develop evidence-based policy by committing to empirical research, 4) study a wider variety of social realities and 5) look for quality. The reasonings of this paper are based on a scoping literature review. En este documento se establece una línea de base de la investigación contemporánea sobre el acceso a la justicia. La línea de base ilustra claramente las características clave del campo de investigación, sugiriendo que, aunque el campo de investigación se ha vuelto más polifacético en el curso de las últimas dos o tres décadas, sigue estando muy dominado por los estudios de derecho y el análisis estructural de la prestación de servicios jurídicos. Partiendo de esta visión general de la investigación sobre el acceso a la justicia en la actualidad, se presentan y discuten cinco peticiones de investigación futura sobre el acceso a la justicia explicadas en la literatura revisada. Sostengo que las futuras investigaciones sobre el acceso a la justicia deberían 1) alcanzar una comprensión más clara del problema (del acceso a la justicia), 2) considerar un enfoque multidisciplinar, 3) apoyar y desarrollar una política basada en pruebas comprometiéndose con la investigación empírica, 4) estudiar una mayor variedad de realidades sociales y 5) buscar la calidad. Los razonamientos de este documento se basan en una revisión bibliográfica de alcance. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1352

Victims of terrorism can be considered a special category within the broader and more general group of “victims of crime”. In recent decades, there has been an international trend to develop more specific treatment, both in legal and practical terms, to address their particular needs in unfortunate times of intensification and sophistication of terrorist attacks, with a correlative increase in the harmful consequences for an increasing number of victims of terrorism. At the international level, one such instrument is the Madrid Memorandum, which contains relevant guidelines that serve as a reference for States, who can draw inspiration from them when designing their national standards of protection and support for victims of terrorism. This paper aims to critically analyze the legal framework applicable in Kosovo on the issue of protection and support of victims of terrorism from the pre-trial phase, through criminal proceedings, and after the completion of criminal proceedings, with special emphasis aiming to analyze the compliance of these rules with standards of the Madrid Memorandum. The paper identifies three areas in which the applicable legal framework for the protection and support of victims of terrorism in criminal proceedings needs to be harmonised with the Madrid Memorandum’s standards. Las víctimas del terrorismo pueden considerarse una categoría especial dentro del grupo más amplio y general de las "víctimas de delitos". En las últimas décadas, ha habido una tendencia internacional a desarrollar un tratamiento más específico, tanto en términos jurídicos como prácticos, para abordar sus necesidades particulares en tiempos desafortunados de intensificación y sofisticación de los ataques terroristas, con un aumento correlativo de las consecuencias perjudiciales para un número cada vez mayor de víctimas del terrorismo. En el ámbito internacional, uno de estos instrumentos es el Memorando de Madrid, que contiene directrices relevantes que sirven de referencia a los Estados, que pueden inspirarse en ellas a la hora de diseñar sus normas nacionales de protección y apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo. El presente trabajo pretende analizar críticamente el marco jurídico aplicable en Kosovo en materia de protección y apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo desde la fase de instrucción, a través del proceso penal, y una vez finalizado éste, con especial énfasis en analizar la conformidad de estas normas con los estándares del Memorando de Madrid. El documento identifica tres áreas en las que el marco legal aplicable para la protección y el apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo en los procesos penales necesita ser armonizado con los estándares del Memorando de Madrid. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1397

EN. This paper shows the disproportionate influence Facebook exercises over Indian journalism and how it induces conformity and isomorphism in the journalistic field by nudging journalists to incessantly produce more of the same “shareable” content. It focuses on the efforts of 7 alternative news startups in South India to diversify news coverage, as gleaned through 11 in-depth interviews. These startups have a clear reformative agenda, criticizing and hoping to distinguish themselves from the mainstream media’s elite-controlled, partisan, sensationalist reporting that ignores issues affecting the marginalized. Key to these startups’ claims to be alternative is the dedicated, ground reporting of issues faced by the LGBTQ+ community, Dalits and Adivasis. As digital-only publications, they depend on Facebook to circulate their content, interact with the audience and earn revenue. Using the theoretical framework of platformization (Nieborg & Poell, 2018), this paper demonstrates how this dependence keeps startups locked in a perpetual loop of precarity, trying to placate the algorithm with shareable content to stay visible, hoping to eventually get enough subscribers to make it on their own. The constant churning of shareable content detracts organizational resources and leaves their content undistinguishable from the mainstream, postponing the realization of independence to a later date. *** FR. Cet article montre l'influence disproportionnée que Facebook exerce sur le journalisme indien et comment il conduit au conformisme et à l'isomorphisme dans le domaine journalistique en incitant les journalistes à produire sans cesse davantage de contenu "partageable". L'étude se concentre sur les efforts déployés par sept jeunes entreprises d'information alternatives du sud de l'Inde pour diversifier la couverture de l'actualité, recueillis au cours de 11 entretiens approfondis. Ces startups ont un agenda réformateur clair, critiquant et espérant se distinguer des médias traditionnels, contrôlés par l’élite, dont la couverture de l'actualité sensationnaliste et partisane ignore les problèmes affectant les personnes marginalisées. La clé de la nature alternative revendiquée par ces startups se caractérise par les reportages sur le terrain dédiés aux problèmes rencontrés par la communauté LGBTQ+, les Dalits et les Adivasis. En tant que publications exclusivement numériques, elles dépendent de Facebook pour diffuser leurs contenus, interagir avec le public et gagner de l'argent. En s'appuyant sur le cadre théorique de la plateformisation (Nieborg & Poell, 2018), cet article montre comment cette dépendance maintient les startups dans une boucle perpétuelle de précarité, en essayant d'apaiser l'algorithme avec du contenu partageable pour rester visible, dans l'espoir d'obtenir finalement suffisamment d'abonnés pour réussir à s'en sortir seuls. Le brassage constant de contenus partageables détourne les ressources de l'organisation et fait en sorte que leurs contenus ne se distinguent pas de ceux des médias mainstream, ce qui reporte la réalisation de leur indépendance à une date ultérieure. *** PT. Este artigo mostra como o Facebook exerce uma influência desproporcional sobre o jornalismo indiano, além de levar à conformidade e ao isomorfismo no campo jornalístico, incentivando os jornalistas a produzirem incessantemente o mesmo conteúdo "compartilhável". Com dados coletados por meio de 11 entrevistas em profundidade, o estudo foca nos esforços de sete startups de notícias alternativas no sul da Índia para diversificar sua cobertura jornalística. Essas startups têm uma agenda noticiosa claramente reformista, criticando e tentando se diferenciar das coberturas sensacionalistas e partidárias da mídia mainstream controlada pela elite, que ignora as questões enfrentadas por pessoas marginalizadas. Notícias dedicadas aos desafios das comunidades LGBTQ+ e dos Dalits e Adivasis são elementos-chave para que essas startups reivindiquem para si o papel de mídia alternativa. Por serem publicações exclusivamente digitais, elas dependem do Facebook para divulgar seu conteúdo, interagir com a audiência e obter receita financeira. Com base no quadro teórico da “plataformização” (Nieborg & Poell, 2018), demonstra-se que tal dependência mantém as startups em um ciclo perpétuo de precariedade, pautado pela busca de conteúdo compartilhável para usarem o algoritmo a seu favor e permanecerem visíveis, na esperança de atingir um número de assinantes o suficiente para se tornarem independentes. A utilização constante de notícias “compartilháveis” desvia os recursos organizacionais e faz com que seu conteúdo seja indistinguível daquele da mídia mainstream, adiando a conquista de sua independência. ***

PT. O presente artigo discute as relações entre a utilização de enquadramentos sensacionalistas pelo jornalismo brasileiro e o caso da série documental da Netflix Bandidos na TV, que conta a história do ex-deputado Wallace Souza e a do programa Canal Livre. Wallace foi deputado estadual do Amazonas por três mandatos consecutivos e apresentador do programa Canal Livre, que bateu recordes de audiência com a cobertura do trabalho policial e com a cobrança ao poder público no combate à criminalidade. Com o objetivo de responder à pergunta “Como determinados enquadramentos podem corroborar para a construção da imagem de uma personalidade como herói ou bandido?”, tomamos como objeto de análise a série da Netflix, que se apropria de enquadramentos sensacionalistas para a criação de um roteiro interpretativo. Este trabalho olha para a série no intuito de buscar respostas acerca das representações feitas de Wallace Souza. Apesar de o objeto do artigo ser a série da plataforma de streaming, é válido ressaltar que discutimos também sobre o programa Canal Livre e sobre a figura de Wallace Souza no contexto do jornalismo brasileiro, já que ambos estão imbricados à produção documental. Para a construção da análise, focamos em dois eventos narrativos da série, respectivamente, do primeiro e do segundo episódio - selecionados pelo fato de serem os primeiros eventos dos dois primeiros episódios e por ambos serem primordiais para o entendimento de Wallace como uma figura que tem credibilidade perante à opinião pública. Na tentativa de acessar os significados que são colocados em jogo pela série, o enquadramento é eleito para ser utilizado como um operador metodológico de análise. *** EN. This paper discusses the relationships between the use of sensationalist framing by Brazilian journalism and the case of the Netflix documentary series Killer Ratings, which tells the story of former deputy Wallace Souza and his show Canal Livre. Wallace was a deputy for the state of Amazonas for three consecutive mandates and hosted the show Canal Livre, which broke ratings records with its coverage of police work, pressuring public authorities to fight crime. In order to answer the question "How can certain framings corroborate the construction of the image of a personality as hero or villain?", we take as object of analysis the Netflix series, which employs sensationalist framings for the creation of an interpretative script. This paper looks at the series to seek answers about the representations given of Wallace Souza. Although the object of the article is the series on the streaming platform, we also discuss the program Canal Livre and the figure of Wallace Souza in the context of Brazilian journalism, since both are imbricated with documentary production. For the construction of the analysis, we focus on two narrative events of the series, respectively, the first and the second episode – selected for the fact that they are the first events of the first two episodes and for both being primordial for the understanding of Wallace as a credible figure within public opinion. In the attempt to access the meanings that are raised by the series, the framing is chosen as a methodological operator of analysis. *** FR. Cet article examine les liens entre le recours à des cadrages médiatiques sensationnalistes dans le journalisme brésilien et le cas de la série documentaire Homicides en série, de Netflix, consacrée à l'histoire de l'ancien député Wallace Souza et à son émission Canal Livre. Député de l'État de l'Amazonas durant trois mandats consécutifs, Wallace Souza a aussi été présentateur de l’émission télévisée Canal Livre, qui a enregistré des records d'audience en suivant le travail de la police et en appelant les pouvoirs publics à lutter contre la criminalité. Pour aborder la question « Comment certains cadrages peuvent-ils contribuer à construire l'image d'une personnalité en tant que héros ou bandit ? », nous avons choisi de prendre comme sujet d’étude cette série produite par Netflix, dont le scénario interprétatif est construit en faisant appel à des cadrages sensationnalistes. Notre regard sur la série vise à apporter des réponses concernant les représentations de Wallace Souza. Bien que cet article se concentre sur la série de la plateforme de streaming, nous nous intéressons également au traitement de l'émission Canal Livre et de Wallace Souza par les journalistes brésiliens, puisque ces deux sujets sont étroitement liés à la production du documentaire. Notre analyse est construite autour de deux événements présentés dans la série, respectivement dans le premier et le deuxième épisode – nous les avons retenus car ils ouvrent le récit de ces deux épisodes et sont cruciaux pour comprendre comment Wallace Souza est perçu en tant que personne crédible aux yeux de l'opinion publique. Pour tenter d'accéder aux significations mises en jeu par la série, nous avons choisi d’utiliser le cadrage médiatique comme outil méthodologique d’analyse. ***

While composing vocal music, it is usually required an extra “set of rules” that is generally related with the language of the text used in the music. Each language has characteristics connected with its pronunciation, prosody, meaning, etc., that are necessary in order to set the text in a way that is understandable, but also some of these “quirks” can be exploitable and shape the music in a way that is closer to the sound, rhythm or even the culture carried by the language. This first paper on the topic addresses the use of Latin language in musical composition, as many others have tackled its pronunciation in performance but there is not much written about how a composer can use the language confidence and efficiency. In this paper, the concepts of syllable length and tonic accent in Latin will be introduced and they will be explained and applied through musical examples from different historical periods.

When we talk about João Gilberto we talk about arrangement, versions, recording, revisiting and a refreshing of many songs that were recorded during his career, songs that in most cases are not his original compositions. This paper presents an investigation of João Gilberto’s harmony in his recording of Desde que o samba é samba. This work was made possible through the audition, transcription and comparison of João’s guitar and the first recording of the cited song. The audition, being key to identify aspects of his ideas, the transcription brought us, with detail, each note played by him, and finally, the comparison, being the raw material for the paper, allowed the detailed exploration on the musical ideas behind the recording, bringing theories about João’s concepts on structure, arrangement, harmony and his main instrument, the guitar, being those elements that together characterize João’s style of interpretation and arrangement.

The impact of women judges in addressing gender-based issues, particularly in Africa, is largely under-researched both at the regional and country-specific levels. This paper researches on the impact of women judges in selected gender-based cases in Ghana – that is spousal property rights cases. The paper seeks to answer the primary question: in addressing spousal property rights in Ghana, have women at the bench made a difference? In answering this question, a doctrinal analysis of purposively selected cases was conducted which led to a finding that women judges did not make a difference in the development of the law on spousal property rights in Ghana. The findings and recommendations made in this paper are expected to contribute to the understanding of how female participation in judging gender-based cases have influenced and could potentially influence the interests and rights of women as well as to inform the policy choice of women judges. Se ha investigado demasiado poco, tanto a nivel regional como nacional, sobre el efecto de que haya juezas que se ocupen de temas de género, sobre todo en África. Este artículo investiga el impacto de juezas en casos seleccionados, basados en género, de Ghana –es decir, casos de derecho de propiedad conyugal. El artículo busca responder a esta pregunta: ¿han marcado la diferencia las mujeres de la judicatura en cuanto a derechos de propiedad conyugal en Ghana? Se realizó un análisis doctrinal de casos seleccionados intencionalmente, y ello llevó a descubrir que no hubo tal diferencia. Esperamos que los hallazgos y recomendaciones recogidos en este artículo ayuden a comprender mejor cómo la participación de las mujeres en el enjuiciamiento de casos basados en género ha podido influir y puede influir potencialmente en los intereses y derechos de las mujeres; y, por otro lado, a informar la elección de políticas de las juezas.

The growing complexity of technoscientific issues has posed a challenge to decision-making in our democracies. Over the last two decades, we have thus witnessed a rise in the participatory processes that promise to democratize these issues by including citizens in decision-making. This paper aims to study the discourses and practices of the organizers of participatory processes in Spain to analyze these proposals' limits. In order to accomplish this objective, we conducted eight case studies by interviewing the individuals responsible for these processes and examining publicly available materials related to them. The analysis of the collected data reveals that, although the participation of laypeople is considered a positive contribution, the very configuration of participation—based on a problematic division between experts and non-experts—ends up limiting the ambition of democratizing decision-making. Based on these findings and drawing on lessons from the field of activism, the paper proposes a 'participation in the wild', which would allow rethinking the disposition of the stages and rhythms of participatory processes, and thereby blur the asymmetries that constitute these devices. This work, therefore, aims to contribute to the assembly of elements of political theory and science and technology studies, as well as bridging the gap between two fields that can make important contributions to achieve more democratic ways of conceiving decision-making concerning science and technology in society.

After several decades of economic integration and enlargement, divergence has been increasing in the European Union (EU), with weaker member states and regions falling behind their stronger counterparts. This paper argues that the structural causes of this increasing divide are explained in terms of the divergent trajectories of interdependent economies with different productive capabilities. In the process of European integration, the Southern peripheral countries were exposed to macroeconomic policies and shocks that, although apparently neutral, generated different effects and ever increasing regional disparities. Since the formation of the EU’s Economic and Monetary Union in 1992, events representing important milestones in the process of divergence include China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the eastward orientation of German industry, and the 2008 financial and sovereign debt crises and the ensuing austerity. In the final part, the paper evaluates whether new divides are likely to emerge in the new global context triggered now by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war.

Early childhood education corresponds to the first stage of the basic education system, whose purpose permeates the integral development of the child, which requires, among other things, the establishment of a broader and more effective academic debate about this stage. Thus, this study emerges with the objective of mapping the Course Completion Papers (TCCs) of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) that addressed this theme in the scope of their work. For this, a documentary research was carried out, analyzing the TCCs elaborated by the graduates of the courses offered by the campus of Tocantinópolis. The results indicate that in a universe of 159 papers available in the institution's Repository, only 12 addressed aspects related to Early Childhood Education, including from normative aspects to the pedagogical challenges of daily day care centers and preschools. It is concluded that the academic interest of these graduates is still configured from an incipient character, requiring a greater incentive on the part of the respective courses.

The modern concept of State security comprises a transversal and multidisciplinary approach, including, among others, energy, cyber and food securities. Major food producers or food importers includes food security as one of the National security´s policies main stream. In this context, strategic food security policies are essential to the sovereignty, economic development and political stability. The aim of this work was to contribute to this debate, which includes food security as a relevant component of National security and defense policies. This paper discusses the role of food security on major security policies, comparing food security approach on countries with different political and economic systems. The paper highlights the strategy on food security policies involves the political model, the role-play by the country on the global food security and the food self-sufficient approach. As a major food producer and global food exporter, Brazil plays an important role on global food security. Meanwhile, a food security policy should be consider as essential part of a national security strategy, which would support the Brazil economic development and its global political influence.

Objective/context: The article aims to analyze child recruitment as a form of human trafficking. Beyond the theoretical perspectives that focus on security or rights, it addresses the topic as a form of unfree labor. By means of a case study focused on child recruitment by right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia, the paper analyzes how children entered and exited illegal armed groups, the functions they performed, and the exploitation they endured. The research argues that child recruitment operates as a large-scale labor-market uptake in the wartime social order, where the “employers” are paramilitary groups, and the labor force, in part, consists of children and adolescents. Methodology: This case study relies on different sources of information: a database on child recruitment provided by the special Justice and Peace Unit of the Colombian Attorney General’s Office (989 cases between 1981 and 2005), sentences of Peace and Justice, testimonials given by victims in judicial processes, and semi-structured interviews with different actors. Conclusions: The paper shows that child recruitment as a form of trafficking is functional to wartime social order in contexts of poverty and inequality. There is demand and supply; thus, both girls and boys, who worked as soldiers, are not only victims but also agents that make decisions in challenging conditions. Therefore, if the socioeconomic options for these children, even after their demobilization from the armed group, are still a choice between bad and worse, joining a violent (no longer “armed” but “criminal”) group will remain a feasible alternative. Originality: The article contributes to the academic literature on a recent topic, such as the overlapping between child recruitment and human trafficking in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. It also contributes to the literature on “unfree labor,” as the study focuses on an actor (illegal armed groups) that has not been analyzed until now. Finally, the research demonstrates the limits of understanding human trafficking (and child recruitment as a form of trafficking) as a problem of security or rights entitlement. It highlights the analytical and political advantages of categories such as “unfree labor” to provide effective solutions for the prevention and reintegration of child soldiers.

Objective/context: The organizational vitality of political parties is understood as their capacity to attract activists, keep them allied to the organization, and united among themselves. More vital parties reproduce greater participation of their activists and increase their ability to resist changing circumstances and exogenous shocks. Four conditions explain the reproduction of political party vitality: trauma, programmatic purpose, channels of ambition, and exit barriers. This paper aims to analyze the vitality levels of the Centro Democrático (CD) party from the year of its creation (2013) until 2020. Methodology: The paper examines the case of the CD. Empirical support comes, fundamentally, from in-depth interviews with (former) leaders and activists of the CD and experts in the party. Secondary sources are also explored. Conclusions: As one of its main findings, this work highlights the moderate vitality of the CD. Trauma has a positive and significant relationship with vitality, while purpose, exit barriers, and ambition channels have positive effects, but smaller than those produced by trauma. A variable that moderates the behavior of the explanatory factors of vitality is the strong personalistic leadership of the founder of the party, former president Álvaro Uribe. Originality: This work contributes to understanding the organizational structures of political parties and their impact on their performance.

Is it possible to distinguish whether a government is willing to eliminate its accountability or aims for public trust or efficacy growth? Moreover, which elements in the government’s actions differentiate valid criticism from an attack on the independence of the judiciary? This paper proposes an original approach toward recognizing an attack on the judiciary. While previous approaches focused on the reformer’s motivation, adherence to international standards, or the requirement of the “tribunal established by the law,” this approach is looking for a kernel of judicial independence and finds it in sufficient conditions for a judge’s free and impartial decision. In the paper, changes in Hungary and Poland will be compared to the Slovak judicial reform since 2020. While after three decades after the fall of state socialism, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia face similar problems of backsliding of the rule of law and emerging populism, different motivations, interpretations, and outcomes of the judicial reforms can be seen in Slovakia. ¿Es acaso posible distinguir si un gobierno está dispuesto a eliminar su responsabilidad o si aspira a la confianza pública o al crecimiento de la eficacia? Por otro lado, ¿qué elementos de las acciones del gobierno diferencian una crítica válida de un ataque a la independencia del poder judicial? Este documento propone un enfoque original para reconocer un ataque al poder judicial. Mientras que los enfoques anteriores se centraban en la motivación del reformador, la adhesión a las normas internacionales o el requisito del “tribunal establecido por la ley”, este enfoque busca un núcleo de independencia judicial y lo encuentra en las condiciones suficientes para la decisión libre e imparcial de un juez. En el documento, los cambios en Hungría y Polonia se compararán con la reforma judicial eslovaca desde 2020. Si bien después de tres décadas de la caída del socialismo de Estado, Hungría, Polonia y Eslovaquia se enfrentan a problemas similares de retroceso del Estado de Derecho y populismo emergente, en Eslovaquia se observan diferentes motivaciones, interpretaciones y resultados de las reformas judiciales. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1393

The goal of this paper is to offer an account of an inter-lexical polysemy pattern connecting the three Italian prepositions per, tra and attraverso. It is shown via a corpus study that these prepositions can cover several related senses (i.e. they are polysemous), and that some of their senses overlap (i.e. inter-lexical polysemy is attested), thereby forming a clear-cut (lexical) contrast set. It is suggested that current theoretical proposals of polysemy cannot directly account for these data, and thus a new model must be introduced. The paper introduces such a model by combining generative (cartographic) syntactic insights with a Semantic Maps analysis. It is thus suggested that inter-lexical polysemy patterns arise because prepositions share syntactically equivalent structures, but partially different sense values are assigned to these structures. Therefore, these prepositions partition the semantic sub-space of ‘section’ spatial relations in only partially overlapping manners. Consequences for theories of polysemy and their connections to syntactic accounts of prepositions are discussed.

This paper exploring the Freedom of Speech in Canadian Constitutional Law is part of the series “Constitutional Law Around the Globe”. This chapter of the series focuses on “Fundamental Rights and Freedom of Speech” in contemporary democracies. Second in the row, this paper analyses the Freedom of Speech in Canadian Constitutional Law and how it has been shaped by the Supreme and lower courts over time, specially on the so-called “hate speech”. A final paper will approach the legal systems composing the series in a comparative perspective.

Introduction: The history of psychiatry encompasses the evolving concepts about the relationship between body and mind and also of the definition of normality, which depend on the knowledge and customs of different times and places. For a better understanding of this journey, this study privileged the presentation of the influential figures on the construction of psychiatric nosology and classifications mainly unfolded on a descriptive or causal basis, from psychics or somatics driving, since the western renaissance. Because of the length of this historical path, this study is divided into two parts. This paper, the first in a two-part series, is a preamble to the development of the new nosography and psychopharmacology of the 21st century, merit of the second paper in this series. Method: Narrative review based on secondary sources. Results: Part One includes a review of prior studies concluding that the psychiatric nosography construction has many stations and it passes through the 18th century more structured morbid classifications based on taxonomies of the natural sciences. Psychiatric classifications navigate the course between different psychiatric theories, often marked by inherent prejudices, alongside advances achieved in neuroscience and its intricate connections with the physiology of emotions, cognition and behaviors, shedding light on their deviations or disorders. This evolution goes in parallel with that of the macro and microanatomy, physiology, chemistry, pharmacology, genetics, internal medicine, mainly neurology, apace with evaluation techniques that also reach the Blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging (BOLD) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) that indirectly study the action of neurotransmitters and neuronal signalling. The biologic approach stands in contrast to the psychodynamic theory, particularly dominant until roughly the mid-20th century. Conclusion: The study of psychiatric nosohistoriography helps to understand the conceptual evolution of mental illnesses and the most recent importance of psychopharmacology for this.

The post-digital era is characterised by the vast presence of platforms that impose their digital affordances and algorithmic control on our behaviour. This environment is challenging education and training, with implications for digital and transmedial literacy. Investigating instructional methodologies is crucial to fostering critical comprehension of such novel informational environments. Argument maps (AMs), which were first created and evaluated in static information contexts (analogical/old web), could be useful in the emergence of dynamic (post-digital) textual forms. The current paper describes a comprehensive literature review based on the above assumptions. We looked into state-of-the-art research on using AMs to handle dynamic information. We found 150 papers using a PRISMA procedure and then examined 19 of them. Our review produced pertinent data about the current state of AMs, including the types of texts on which they are used and the tools (especially digital and artificial intelligence [AI]-based) that have been employed. Our research lays the groundwork for teaching the literacies needed in new informational settings, such as multimodal, dynamic, algorithmic and data-driven contexts, with a specific focus on AMs as effective mediational tools.

This paper discusses the territorial reform in Portuguese parishes in 2013 following the bailout from the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission (Troika). The purpose of this paper is (i) to frame the reform of the parishes in Portugal in the trends of reorganization at the local level in European countries in recent decades; (ii) to situate the aggregation at the national scale, integrating it in the Reform of Local Administration of the XIX Government (2011-2015); (iii) to analyze, from the Algarve, the changes in the exercise of its powers, in the provision of services to the population and in the relationship with the municipality; (iv) to discuss the results achieved.The methodology is based on the literature review on local territorial reforms in European countries, on the critical reading of the national process, and the empirical approach is based on the perspective of the elected representatives, based on semi-structured interviews with all the mayors of the aggregated parish councils in the Algarve.The top-down aggregation process applied in the country triggered in the region a reaction of sharing and collaboration between parishes, reducing tensions and fractures between communities (but, in other situations, exposing old divisions or fractures). The new map is assimilated, but criticism remains and two reversals have already occurred.

In this paper we propose an algebraic model for a modal epistemic logic. Although it is known the existence of algebraic models for modal logics, considering that there are so many different modal logics, so it is not usual to give an algebraic model for each such system. The basic epistemic logic used in the paper is bimodal and we can show that the epistemic algebra introduced in the paper is an adequate model for it.

The aim of this paper is a study on Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions that came along. With restrictions, violations. The principle of legality, the basic historical construction of the rule of law, had been solemnly and repeatedly vilified and carried with it many constitutional rights and principles, which, more than indispensable for us, are so on a universal level, such as the restless go and come and exercise economic activity. Under the auspices of teratological decrees, of congenital malformation, our rights were restricted. But what is worse: often under the parsimonious eye of those who should be keeping the Constitution. Is it deference to the political propaganda pieces, based on biopower, that invade the everyday? Is it a fear of contributing to health discouragement, justifying non-legality? In this paper, more than addressing the unconstitutionality of restrictions, we propose to discuss the reasons for this passivity and acceptance. Methodologically, we use inductive guidance, choosing some characteristics as a starting point to build a broader conclusion, using a wide bibliographic and jurisprudential review.

Social science research on courts and judges requires data that are typically generated through interviews, observation, or surveys for the purpose of answering specific research questions posed by the researcher. However, traditional methods of data collection are not always feasible. As an alternative, this paper examines the use of administrative data, which have been collected for non-research purposes, in judicial research. Using research undertaken by the author in Australia over the past decade as case studies, the paper examines potential sources of administrative data on courts and judges, how they can be acquired, and the uses to which they can be put. The paper then assesses the advantages and disadvantages of using administrative data, which vary substantially according to the data source. The paper concludes by agreeing with Babbie (2020) that ‘with so much data already collected, the lack of funds to support expensive data collection is no reason for not doing good and useful social research’ on judicial systems. La investigación en ciencias sociales sobre tribunales y jueces requiere datos que suelen generarse a través de encuestas, entrevistas u observación con el fin de responder a preguntas de investigación concretas planteadas por el investigador. Sin embargo, los métodos tradicionales de recopilación de datos no siempre son factibles. Como alternativa, este artículo examina el uso de datos administrativos, que han sido recogidos con fines ajenos a la investigación, en la investigación judicial. Utilizando como estudios de caso las investigaciones realizadas por el autor durante la última década, el artículo examina las fuentes potenciales de datos administrativos sobre tribunales y jueces, cómo pueden ser adquiridos y los usos que se les puede dar. A continuación, el artículo evalúa las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de datos administrativos, que varían sustancialmente según la fuente de datos. El artículo concluye coincidiendo con Babbie (2020) en que “con tantos datos ya recopilados, la falta de fondos para apoyar la costosa recopilación de datos no es razón para no hacer una investigación social buena y útil” sobre los sistemas judiciales.

Two models, the hierarchical model and the local control model, drive the way we talk about the decisions court actors and judges make. However, neither considered in isolation is an adequate explanation of courts’ administrative policy choices during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper explores how actors in state courts in the United States perceived and performed their policymaking capacity using elite interviews. It argues that considering features of both models provides a more nuanced explanation of the distribution of administrative authority in state courts. The interviews reveal that actors in court systems that both concentrate and distribute administrative authority behave in ways that contradict the prevailing explanatory model. The paper provides evidence of the value of recruiting and interviewing elites when researching court decision-making processes. This study contributes to our understanding of the consequences of centralized and decentralized administrative authority for court users. Utilizando entrevistas de élite, este trabajo explora cómo los actores de los tribunales estatales de Estados Unidos percibieron y desempeñaron su capacidad de formulación de políticas administrativas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Sostiene que considerar tanto las explicaciones jerárquicas como las de control local del comportamiento de quienes trabajan en los tribunales ofrece una explicación más matizada de la distribución de la autoridad administrativa en estos sistemas. Las entrevistas revelan que los actores de los sistemas judiciales que concentran y distribuyen la autoridad administrativa se comportan de formas que contradicen los modelos explicativos predominantes: en los sistemas administrativamente más descentralizados, algunos actores judiciales buscaban más orientación de los actores centrales, mientras que, en un sistema centralizado, algunos actores judiciales actuaban de formas que se desviaban de las órdenes centrales. Además de ampliar nuestra comprensión de las consecuencias para los usuarios de la autoridad administrativa centralizada y descentralizada de los tribunales, este trabajo aporta pruebas de las ventajas y los retos de realizar entrevistas con una muestra de élite a través de la tecnología.

ABSTRACT Broccoli is increasingly favored by consumers as it is rich in vitamins and many other bioactive compounds. However, existing large tractor-drawn vegetable harvesting machinery is more suitable for large farmland and farm cultivation patterns. Therefore, this paper develops tracked broccoli harvesting equipment for small farmland and tests the ability to harvest broccoli. The tracked broccoli harvester developed in this paper is capable of traveling on its own in the field, cutting the stalks and transporting the broccoli bulbs. This paper analyses the working process of the cutting device and designs the working parameters. Through the cutting bench experiment, the optimal working parameters of the cutting device were determined as 456 r/min of rotational speed, 8.312 mm of overlap, and 0.255 m/s of pusher speed. In the field test, the broccoli leakage rate was 4.8%, the cutting qualification rate was 81.6%, the transport qualification rate was 95.62%, the damage rate was 3.96%, and the total loss rate was 8.55%. This structural model is an important technical support for broccoli harvesting equipment in China.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze how there are spatiotemporal factors that can disable/enable local agency capacities in peacebuilding processes. Those local agency capacities depend on the context, which are shaped both by time and space. The traditional conception of time and space allows only a narrow understanding that reduces the possibilities of agency, and to rethink and broaden the concept of time and space I rely on History of the Present Time and Critical Geography. This paper illustrates the theoretical debate through the women’s agency capacities in the Mozambican peace process. This example demonstrates the complexities and multifaceted disabling/enabling capacity of spatiotemporal factors for the exercise of agency and provide some guidelines to identify them.

ABSTRACT Typical resultative constructions in English are unavailable in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in Romance. This fact has been attributed by previous studies to different event-framings, following the Talmian view. English would illustrate the satellite-framing pattern, whereas Romance would illustrate the verb-framing pattern. Literature in BP has mainly focused on describing properties of different sentences similar to resultatives of the English type. A large part of the debate has been devoted to answering whether these can be classified as true resultatives. Much less attention has been dedicated to a proper description of the framing patterns in BP. This paper fills in this gap and, by doing so, argues that BP admits both framing patterns. The v-framing pattern is highly productive, exemplified by numerous complex parasynthetic verbs that entail a result. The s-framing pattern is marginal, illustrated by a small sample of modified resultatives and verb-particle constructions. This paper supports the framing analysis, but recasts its merits in light of new connections established among (apparent) resultatives in BP.

Artistic education is an important factor in the cultural growth of the nation – the development of personal qualities and abilities. The methodology of teaching music pedagogy is related to the category of musical style. The relevance of this study is conditioned by a broad interpretation of the concept of musical style. Numerous musicological interpretations of the concept outline the range of issues and a growing interest among scholars in the search for promising approaches to understanding musical phenomena and the integration of scientific knowledge. The purpose of the study is to investigate musicological solutions to the problem of style, to identify optimal approaches to building the educational process. The paper analyses various interpretations of the concept of "style" by musicologists. Methods and approaches of teaching musical and practical disciplines are highlighted, including the method of stylistic generalisation, experimental methodology, historical and stylistic approach, concentric approach, genre approach, and the principle of generalisation. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the educational process in the classes of musical and practical training should be built according to genre and stylistic principle – semantic generalisations of the genre in the context of multi-level style features. This paper can be useful for teachers in music education institutions to implement an effective approach to organising the educational process.

ABSTRACT: This bibliographical review presents a set of research about motherhood as a constructed social practice, the deterministic discourse of biology, and how it emerges in the training of biologists and teachers. The focus is on the Brazilian academic productions about this subject and its related aspects. About the methodological approach, the papers were raised from CAPES Portal in searches directed by descriptors previously defined. A set of 23 papers were found, and their analysis resulted in 3 thematic categories: 1. What is a mother?; 2. Breastfeeding; 3. What is a woman? - the biological discourse on stage. The results demonstrate the scarce discussion on specific topics. In general terms, discourses that speak directly about biological characteristics in women corroborate with the social place intended for them, over time, gave way to other sexist discourses, however masking under scientific neutrality. Within the production of scientific knowledge, it is evident that the purpose is to justify stereotypes in female and male bodies ways and, consequently, inequalities.

Abstract This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolving landscape of international politics, the challenges this scenario presents for the field of International Relations (IR) and the pivotal role played by Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI) in shaping both academic knowledge and policy frameworks. The study aims to achieve two primary objectives. First, to contextualize the significant shifts in international politics in the last few years, such as the rise of China and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, while advocating for interdisciplinary approaches and highlighting the contributions of Latin American, particularly Brazilian, scholars to global academic debates. Second, to trace the history, evolution, and international impact of RBPI since its inception in 1958, emphasizing its role in leveraging the standards of academic publishing in Brazil and Latin America, fostering international collaborations, and influencing policy decisions. The paper proposes that RBPI serves as an indispensable platform for advancing rigorous academic inquiry and offers a more inclusive perspective on international relations, thereby having a lasting impact on both the academic and policy landscapes globally.

Abstract This paper explores the securitisation geopolitics around environmental sustainability, advocating for regional securitisation as a means to address environmental challenges that otherwise complicate traditional security challenges, which are foundational to a regional security complex approach. The global landscape lacks a unified approach to environmental practices, prompting the examination of regional contexts to influence state behaviour and apply a regional security complex model to symbolise this transformation as “Regional Environmental Sustainability Complexes” (RESC). The paper demonstrates that the South Asian Regional Security Complex (SARSC) concept by Buzan has evolved into the broader South Asian Regional Environmental Sustainability Complex (SARESC).

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Data source: The search procedure was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The search was carried out until April 2022 in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Embase, Cochrane Central, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, and MedRxiv. The combination of terms used was: (Children OR Youth OR Teenagers) AND HIV AND (Tenofovir OR “Antiretroviral therapy”) AND (“Bone density” OR Osteoporosis OR Osteopenia). The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42022312851) Data synthesis: The initial searches resulted in 1156 papers. After the exclusion of duplicate studies, three blinded reviewers analyzed the title and abstract of 563 papers, of which 57 remained to be read in full. Only nine papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in descriptive and risk-of-bias analyses. Regarding study design, four were cross-sectional, three were longitudinal before-after studies without a control group, and two were prospective cohorts. Among these nine papers, seven showed no significant association between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use and reduced bone mass in young people. However, these papers did not have high methodological quality. Conclusions: Although most of the selected papers found no harmful effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on bone mass, further primary research with higher methodological quality is needed so robust scientific evidences can be obtained.

This paper investigates how Chinese taxi drivers utilize low-tech equipment, such as handheld radios and mobile phone services, to form local ride-hailing networks. Previous studies have analyzed how Internet platforms like Didi Chuxing have reshaped labor relations through technology and policies, but they have ignored the fact that outside metropolitan areas, traditional technological solutions, such as on-call radio platforms, have not been replaced by the rapidly expanding ride-hailing platforms. Therefore, to outline China’s diverse ICT practice environment, this paper focuses on a case study in two Chinese towns (Laizhou, Shandong; Ziyang, Sichuan), shifting the attention from metropolitan areas to neglected fourth- and fifth-tier cities. After reviewing the previous advancements in mobile communication technology, we discuss the economic, cultural, and social motivations behind the use of ‘low-tech’ devices and cooperative services by the Chinese taxi drivers in question.

With the development and application of algorithms as catalysts, the changing modes of information production, dissemination, and consumption have also given rise to a myriad of serious ethical challenges. This study employs a multi-case approach and semistructured in-depth interviews to examine three prominent international information technology companies, namely, Meta, Sina, and Byte Dance. By investigating the utilization of algorithms in content creation and distribution and adopting an epistemic, ethical framework, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of information cocooning resulting from inconclusive algorithmic evidence, the presence of algorithmic black boxes stemming from inscrutable evidence, and the issue of algorithmic bias caused by misguided evidence. Consequently, this paper proposes three fundamental ethical principles for algorithmic systems: certainty, interpretability, and reliability.

The aim of this paper is to explore the language-space relationship by analysing the way Latin American transnational speakers experience mobility processes and the way these shape their linguistic practices and identities. Namely, the focal point of this study is the way spatial and sociolinguistic bordering are constructed and conceived by analysing the narrative of a transnational woman who experienced back and forth migration between Peru and Italy with her family. I will analyse this aspect from a theoretical point of view in the first part of the paper, where I will refer to that part of the literature that, while studying the relationship between language and migration, addresses questions about how language ideologies, the centre-periphery dynamics, as well as the material conditions of diaspora influence language practices and the construction of social identity in contemporary societies. I will then explore these epistemological aspects through the voice of a Peruvian transnational woman relating the social and sociolinguistic cross-bordering she experienced with her family through her spatial mobility.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the benefits of information and communications technology (ICT) in the contextual target situation analysis at a distance to design online critical English for academic purposes (CEAP) courses. A contextual investigation of the publishing process of high-impact journals in computer science is presented, which is aimed at identifying issues that might influence the publication of Brazilian researchers’ papers. The beliefs and experiences of Brazilian authors in the aforementioned process were analyzed through electronic questionnaires and remote interviews. Moreover, research articles’ reviews were studied to identify the community´s criteria for accepting or rejecting papers. Via ICT, a wider contextual analysis was possible with participants located in different parts of the world. Results provided relevant information about researching and publishing in the field, which may substantiate the design of tasks aimed at improving students’ critical academic literacy. For developing continental countries such as Brazil, saving time and resources through ICT in CEAP courses’ design means the possibility of investing in a more relevant instruction, which better attends to students’ contextual needs and wants.

Abstract This paper offers a novel argument for fatalism: if one accepts the logical possibility of fatalism, one must accept that fatalism is true. This argument has a similar structure to the ‘knowability paradox’, which proves that if every truth can be known by someone, then every truth is known by someone. In this paper, what I mean by ‘fatalism’ is that whatever happens now was determined to happen now in the past. Existing arguments for fatalism assume that the principle of bivalence holds even for future propositions, that past truths are necessarily true, and/or that possible propositions never change into impossible propositions. However, my argument does not assume such premises. It assumes only the logical possibility of fatalism. Here, what I mean by ‘fatalism is logically possible’ is that there is at least one possible world where whatever happens now was determined to happen now in the past. Since this assumption is weak (thus is plausible), I believe it to be much stronger than the existing arguments for fatalism. In addition, I also show that what will happen in the future is determined now.

Chalmers’s two-dimensional argument against materialism (aka the zombie argument) is arguably the most ingenious attempt to ground a view about fundamental reality on epistemic considerations. From the conceivability of a being that is physically identical to a conscious being but that is deprived of phenomenal consciousness (a zombie), the argument draws on the interplay of the primary and the second intensions of the zombie hypothesis to infer the metaphysical possibility of a zombie world, and thus the falsity of physicalism about phenomenality. By means of a detailed reconstruction of the two-dimensional argument, the paper tries to isolate its most central assumption: that the role played by an epistemic scenario (an intentional object) in the verification of the zombie hypothesis is played by a nonintentionally individuated metaphysical world (the zombie world) considered as actual. The paper argues that no non-viciously circular case for this assumption has been made. Thus, the two-dimensional argument is at best inconclusive.

Abstract In the past, International Development Cooperation (IDC) was an analogue for Official Development Assistance (ODA) in which three central institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (DAC/OECD) regulated the practices of donors and recipients. Recently, a far more complex and diversified scenario characterized by new actors and approaches is replacing this architecture. This paper analyses the transformations in the IDC field, interpreting these processes through an analytical framework of the sources of institutional change. One of its principal contributions is highlighting a pattern of “punctuated equilibrium” through a theory-guided historical analysis, that reflects both periods of stasis and innovation instead of a gradual process of change. We argue that innovation depends on dissatisfaction and shocks, and that the nature of invention depends on a homogeneity of interests among its prominent actors. This paper is based on a research agenda that applies the punctuated equilibrium concept of social theory to the analysis of international regime complexes.

Abstract Abstract: Guyana has a strategic geographic position in the Amazon and the Greater Caribbean area, as revealed in the strategic thinking and military presence of the United States (USA). Its territory also possesses abundant natural resources, especially after the recent and significant oil discoveries, having the American company ExxonMobil as protagonist. Meanwhile, the country is characterised by a domestic political and ethnic cleavage. In addition, Venezuela and Guyana are in a historical dispute for the Essequibo area, which is potentially endowed and surrounded by areas with strategic resources. The main argument of the paper is that the oil discoveries in Guyana are leading to geopolitical and geoeconomic impacts regarding the intensification of domestic and foreign disputes, involving American and Venezuelan interests and recent state actions. More broadly, it points out that the north of South America has become one of the stages of the global power strife, in view of the Sino-Russian and American presences, in a context of Brazil’s absence. To survey and evaluate the actors’ actions resulting from the oil findings in Guyana, the paper is based on geopolitical and geoeconomic concepts, energy data, specialised academic and journalistic bibliography.

The present paper focuses on the travel notes by Michel Vieuchange (1904-1930), a young Frenchman who decided to reach Smara, a holy Muslim city located in the middle of the desert, to describe it, and to draw a map. His notes are to be analysed through the prism of autobiogeography. The term used by Michel Collot means telling your life through the places that has affected you. In the case of Vieuchange’s notes the geographical descriptions intervene with the description of the personality of the traveler and form a whole. The paper shows that three cities, Tiznit, Tigilit and Smara, mark three stages of the travel and correspond to different aspects of Vieuchange’s personality.

Nigerian has been grappling with battered image since independence but more so since the return of the nation to civilian rule in 1999. The various governments, conscious of the importance of good reputation at a time interdependence among nations is a necessity, have been embarking on image laundry activities but largely, the nation is perceived as a corrupt, insecure, lawless and economically weak nation with people who are not to be trusted for serious partnership. This has worsened with the negative stereotype of developing nations by global media. But developments in the entertainment industry—music, movie, comedy and related content making enterprises—which have produced several influencers, indicate that notwithstanding negative portrayal, social media influencers have made contents that have popularized and portray them in positive ways and through that, endear themselves to global audiences, using the social media. This gives rise to the need to find out whether the visibility of Social Media Influencers could be exploited to change the negative image of the country and to find out how the social media influencers could help in this regard, among other objectives. Using the library research approach, the paper analyses the relationship between the media and national image, the role of social media in image building as well as examine how popular social media influencers through their contents can boost Nigeria’s image. The SMIs analyzed were selected based on news publications of their popularities on the different social media platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The publications include top 10 lists of most popular people on these social media platforms and most popular viral contents by Nigerians in the past few years leading up to 2022. Supported by the precepts of perception and technological determinism theories respectively, the paper notes that updating of the perception of the country can occur through the interaction with the observed, in this case the SMIs and that technology (social media) can be leveraged upon to solve Nigeria’s image problem. It concludes that if the SMIs could make positive impacts as demonstrated by their large followings at the global stage, they could deploy their energies to create positive image for Nigeria. It recommends the deliberate involvement of SMIs as forces that can cause a positive update of the perspective of the global audience about Nigeria in the effort to change the narrative that has been built around the nation and indeed change the image of the country in order to rebrand and reposition it in the comity of nations.

The main idea of the research paper is the redistribution of personal incomes. The subject is the effects of eliminating excess inequality. The core of the research paper is creating a model of erasing personal incomes under the subsistence minimum using a redistribution model. One possible way to get rid of personal incomes below the subsistence minimum is a partially progressive tax, which separates income into different sectors and settles a tax rate for each sector. Eventually, the redistribution can be held by certain society groups using a tax for wealthy people and government subsidies for poor segment of the population or evenly proportional income redistribution. It is useful to consider and compare two indicators: subsistence minimum and minimum consumer budget. A minimum consumer budget is a set cost of food and non-food products and services that meet basic physiological and sociocultural needs. In fact, it is the cost of the minimum consumer basket. The minimum consumer budget determines the lower bound value of life in society, followed by poverty. In Russia, this indicator is not popular, but it has a potential to be useful. In fact, one of the most important function of a tax system is keeping balance in society. The methodology is a redistribution optimization model. The optimal level of income inequality implies that there is a level of income inequality that maximizes economic growth. The optimization model consists of key parameters that determine inequality level, such as tax rate, education, and fertility. In some ways, the tax scale is not fair for definite groups of people. People have a social order to reconsider a tax scale. The result is a block of recommendations for shifting personal income inequality rate to a balanced point. The paper is aimed to provide a strategy for applying the fairer redistribution model with simple computations and prove that it can be applied with relatively low effort.

Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become in the last years one of the most used methodologies for three-dimensional recording in many scientific fields thanks to its great precision, low cost and speed. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow methodology to obtain precise results for the graphical documentation of an archaeological site with complex structures (Rouco & Benavides, 2023)The improvement of photogrammetric hardware and software has provided us with a tool of great value for archaeological research and survey. SfM photogrammetry has been widely applied to cultural heritage studies in a variety of ways, such as digitizing historical buildings, archaeological sites and artefacts. Improvement in UAV-mounted camera technology and calibration methods of non-metric cameras have expanded the use of photogrammetric modelling to non-professional and semi-professional users (Westoby et al. 2012). Although the potential of SfM photogrammetry allows obtaining 3D models with a very good graphic appearance using almost any type of camera, these models need certain calibration and adjustment processes in order to achieve enough precision for professional use.This paper focuses on discussing some important data capture workflow recommendations, as well as the new processing workflows implemented in Agisoft Metashape version 2.0, which improve 3D digital reconstruction and graphical documentation to make it complete and precise.The Herrera Roman Baths site offers an excellent opportunity to explore the complex casuistry in the record of cultural heritage due to the complexity in the registration of the structures and the high degree of precision and graphic resolution that the project required for the tasks of restoration of decorative elements. The existence of a roof structure that protects them has forced us to carry out a manual flight with a UAV at a very low altitude (4m), and to develop different modeling strategies to guarantee metric precision and a high level of detail.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.30.2023.2

La literatura sobre el uso de sistemas de decisión automatizada (SDA) en el sector público ha dado cuenta de su creciente adopción en América Latina. En el caso de Colombia, no existen trabajos que mapeen y caractericen de forma sistemática el uso de SDA por parte del Estado. Este artículo contribuye a cerrar esa brecha en la literatura a partir del análisis de una nueva base de datos sobre 113 SDA de entidades del sector público colombiano, de los cuales 97 se encuentran en funcionamiento (86%), 14 en pilotaje (12%) y dos más que fueron descontinuados. La base de datos caracteriza los sistemas a partir de 40 variables y fue creada con más de 300 fuentes de información pública. Este artículo describe las principales características, usos y potenciales beneficios de estos sistemas en Colombia. Identificamos sistemas implementados por 51 entidades públicas nacionales y subnacionales del poder ejecutivo, así como por entidades de la rama judicial y de organismos de control. El grueso de los 111 sistemas que están en etapa de pilotaje o en ejecución fueron adoptados por entidades públicas del orden nacional (74%) y la gran mayoría fueron implementados por entidades del poder público ejecutivo (93%). Los SDA son usados para realizar una amplia gama de funciones y para apoyar diferentes tipos de actividades estatales, pero más de la mitad de los sistemas son usados para apoyar actividades de los sectores justicia (18%), educación (17%), y medio ambiente (13%). Además, la mayoría de los SDA pueden aportar a la implementación de políticas públicas (el 98%), pero algunos también pueden contribuir con otras fases del ciclo de las políticas públicas (12% al agendamiento, 18% a formulación y 2% a evaluación). Finalmente, el artículo identifica potenciales riesgos asociados al uso de diferentes tipos de SDA por parte entidades públicas.

Este instrumento ofrece una orientación a profesores y estudiantes para que el uso de inteligencia artificial (IA) en contextos universitarios sea informado, transparente, ético, y responsable. Los Lineamientos proponen reglas, principios y ejemplos que son aplicables para las actividades peda-gógicas realizadas dentro y fuera del aula. El texto está precedido de un preámbulo que busca poner en contexto al lector mediante una breve explicación sobre la historia de la formulación y desarrollo de los Lineamientos. El instrumento está dividido en siete secciones: (1) introducción, (2) objetivos, (3) reglas de uso dentro y fuera del aula, (4) justificación de las reglas, (5) otros recursos para profesores/as, (6) apertura a futuros cambios, y (7) cambios respecto de anteriores versiones de los lineamientos. Aunque los lineamientos son pertinentes para el uso de cualquier tipo de IA, sus reglas se enfocan en el uso de chatbots –tales como ChatGPT, Bing, Claude, y Bard, entre otros– que permiten a los estudiantes acceder a los modelos de lenguaje a gran escala. El objetivo de los lineamientos es convertirse en un recurso útil para quienes precisen de un documento fundamentado, comprehensivo, y estandarizado que permita establecer guías de trabajo claras respecto del uso de IA en la universidad.

En Ecuador la primera ley orgánica de transparencia y acceso a la información pública estuvo vigente en el periodo 2004-2023. Para este periodo, no existe evidencia identificada por el ente garante o la academia sobre la utilidad de la información publicada para la incidencia ciudadana en la co-gestión o el control social. En este escenario, se aprobó una nueva ley que considera varios aspectos del modelo de la OEA, pero que aún presenta vacíos para responder a las actuales necesidades. El estudio tiene como propósito identificar los cambios en las demandas de información en el último quinquenio que -bajo la nueva ley- podrían ser atendidos desde la transparencia focalizada. Para el efecto, se aplica una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo. Se realiza un análisis documental y la revisión de las solicitudes de acceso para la Presidencia de la República. Se identifica que actualmente se requiere información específica y útil para la toma de decisiones.