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This paper reflects on health reparation practices in the context of neoliberal hegemony and long-lasting impunity. It builds on an ethnographical approach (2019-2022) to four health reparation initiatives created by users and workers of a state reparation program together with civil organizations in the South of Chile. It states that the way these initiatives deal with the damage produced by state violence (1973-1990) point toward an alternative horizon for health reparations, which may also counter today’s authoritarian orientations.

This paper seeks to approach the story that blames the Chilean left for the institutional breakdown that ended in the civil-military dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet. If we take as a reference the Uruguayan case, in relation to the discussion on "who threw the first stone" (the left or the right), we do it to question and deepen our own case, by analyzing the arguments that justify representations of the past that criminalize, shame and dehumanize the identity pillars of the Chilean left. Thus, we will explore the responsibilities of the right wing not only in the institutional ruptures, but also in the dissemination and representation of common meanings that aim to see the actions of the left as a "cause" and the military irruption as a "consequence".

This paper aims to explore the ‘migratory careers’ of a group of highly educated Brazilian women and the dynamics activated to achieve the job-education match in Spain. It analyses the reasons for emigration and settlement, as well as the structures of opportunities and constraints, from a multidimensional perspective. The main findings show the existence of a system of vulnerabilities that influence both their geographical trajectories and their occupational (im)mobilities. This is explained in terms of the interrelationship between hindering/fostering factors in different dimensions of life, with the aim of developing a balanced migratory career to achieve the job-education match.

The paper presents the initial findings of a research project that investigates the origins of Italian ATAP NNs, such as parolaN chiaveN (keyword) or luogoN simboloN (place.symbol — symbolic place). This study is based on a meticulously chosen sample of 1,924 NN types that include 47 different modifiers as their rightmost constituent, sourced from Google n-grams frequency lists (2020), which represent the most extensive diachronic linguistic data currently available. While recent literature suggests that Italian ATAP NNs emerged in the latter half of the 20th century and gained significant productivity only after 2000, our data indicate that this process occurred approximately 50 years earlier, particularly for a notable subset of N2-based semi-schematic constructions. With respect to the theoretical frameworks of Construction Morphology, Relational Morphology, and Diachronic Construction Grammar, the analysis of the data provides an insight into the interaction between the fully schematic ATAP NN construction and various semi-schematic constructions (N2-based families). Moreover, the study attempts to identify key diachronic stages in the development of the pattern.

This paper analyses the descriptions of the Catalan language provided by foreign travellers who journeyed through the Catalan-speaking territories in the second third of the 19th century. It examines their observations and linguistic perceptions of the Catalan language and the language spoken by the inhabitants of these regions. Additionally, the study delves into the names used by travellers to refer to the Catalan language, its origins, its relationship with other Romance languages, and its status among them. While some travellers may not have provided detailed descriptions of the language due to the diverse purposes of their journeys, their various accounts and statements allow us to deduce their positions and opinions in addressing these questions. This analysis takes place during the 19th century, a period in which Romance philology was still an emerging area of research.

This paper presents a phenomenon that has attracted little attention despite being relatively frequent and very productive in spoken language. The aim of this study is to prove that the ‘ADJ as NOUN’ frame, which is commonly used to form comparative phrases and similes, is also employed to intensify the meaning of predicative adjectives in both English and Czech but without the element of comparison. This study analyses data from two spoken corpora; the Spoken BNC2014 for English, and ČNK — ORAL_v1 for Czech. The corpus data serve as evidence confirming the existence of this pattern as a distinct entity with its own functions alongside being used in comparisons and similes. The results further show that both languages display semantic incongruence between the adjectives and nouns co-occurring in this structure. However, each language uses nominal elements from different lexical fields. Finally, the paper discusses potential issues of interpretation and the general motivation behind the usage of intensifying post-modification.

This article questions the involvement of the fight against corruption and the neoliberal rationality, as well as the consequences brought by this interaction to the criminal procedure, mainly its use as a political tool. This theoretical endeavor is due to the discoveries of Operação Lava Jato, in good part to the use of old and new punitive ideologies that tend to aggravate the criminal justice system and its influence in the political-governmental scenario. Concerning the facts previously mentioned, and considering that corruption cannot be reduced under the suppression of procedural rights and guarantees, this paper aims at showing that the anti-corruption campaigns have been of great relevance to stimulate the neoliberal project. Regarding Brazil, these campaigns have helped prevent the democratization of the penal procedure field. For this purpose, this paper is going to present the origin of transnationalization of corruption through a bibliographic and documental analysis. In four topics, the present paper is going to demonstrate the connection of anticorruption campaigns to the neoliberals’ intentions, and establish the determinant role played by the fight against corruption, which started in Brazil in 2014, to the strengthen of authoritarian characteristics of the criminal procedure, as well as to its political use.

Approaching criminality in an interdisciplinary context has concerned practitioners in the last decades. The same situation is observed in criminal cases having as object the criminal investigation of corruption crimes, knowing the fact that this phenomenon is still into the judicial authorities' attention. In practice, there is a substantial jurisprudence on this topic. The current paper focuses on criminal investigation of the corruption in an interdisciplinary context, including elements of forensic investigation, gathering evidence by means of forensic science, as well as their administration during the criminal proceedings. Moreover, researching the current topic aims at analyzing phenomenon from the perspective of the judicial bodies' efforts of assuring functions of discovering and preventing corruption crimes, as well as punishing defendants during the criminal proceedings. In order to achieve this goal, the paper is designed in a qualitative research, with comparative elements and aspects of jurisprudence in criminal matters.

This paper analyzes the challenges to eradicate poverty and extreme poverty in Latin America. Moreover, it seeks to understand the recommendations from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on this topic. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the United Nations and the Inter-American human rights systems to combat poverty (the legal instruments and monitoring bodies) and the goals states need to follow to better protect economic, social and cultural rights, and to provide an effective access to justice in the Americas.

This paper compares two marginal neighbourhoods and Italian “badlands”: the Zona Espansione Nord (ZEN) of Palermo and San Siro in Milan. It concerns multiple types of violence that affect them and their connections with different multi-scale processes. The two neighbourhoods emerge as the result of two urban histories that can be partly schematised in two dichotomous images: on the one side, the “non-Fordist” marginality of the ZEN, a social enclave of unemployment without a working-class past; on the other side, the “post-Fordist” marginality of San Siro, a multicultural socio-spatial configuration with a working-class past. Following the idea of the continuum of violence, we suggest that space is heuristically connected with violence and to this continuum. In order to illustrate this hypothesis, this paper introduces two case studies, drawing out their main common characteristics as urban badlands, and singling out the different traits that mark their specificity. It then links the continuum of violence to urban space, firstly in a synchronic perspective, mapping the different forms of violence that affect the two neighbourhoods today, and secondly on a diachronic perspective pointing to their different on-going dynamics, through the life stories of some of our interlocutors. Through this comparison, we illustrate how these two case studies combine and account for what we call the urban space-violence continuum.

The paper deals with Italian helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs which form complex predicates and with the rules that guide its use in Italian descriptive grammars published in Italy between 1953 and 2005. The author shows that those forms in both – traditional and contemporary Italian descriptive grammars are treated at the level of word classes whereas it could be more appropriate to discuss them as clause elements as they form complex predicates. In our opinion this way of describing such verbs is due to the tradition in Italy to focus on a form and not on function of an element. What is more, Italian grammarians tend to omit in Italian descriptive grammars noun predication and the role of semantic predicate (n pred.). The goal of the paper is to present the advantages of an integrated approach to helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs in modern Italian. The author emphasizes its importance for contemporary Italian FL syntax teaching

The aim of this paper is to address the issue of teaching politeness in textbooks dedicated to learners of Italian as a foreign language. It is assumed that in today’s ever-changing world, full of conflicts and challenges of various kinds, polite communication has become of increasing importance as it helps overcome differences between the participants of the act of communication and promote a peaceful coexistence. Politeness is a phenomenon particularly sensitive to the situational context: the forms considered appropriate vary according to the parameters such as place, channel, age or status of the interactants. Since the complexity of politeness and the variability of its exponents make it difficult to teach, the purpose of this research is to analyze if and how the current textbooks of Italian deal with this aspect of communicative competence. The paper examines which aspects of politeness are taught and with what methods. The analysis is based on the selected textbooks of Italian published in Italy and Poland, in order to compare their approaches.

In November 1807, Napoleon Bonaparte's troops were about to invade Portugal. To escape, the Queen of Portugal, Maria I, her son, future King Juan VI, Prince Regent at the time, as well as civilians and military men, had to embark and move to Brazil urgently. The transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil transformed the then colony of Portugal into the seat of the Portuguese monarchy, giving the country a significant role in the economic, social, and political issues of the Portuguese Empire, between 1808 and 1821. Among the changes made by the Portuguese Crown in Brazil in the process of reorganization of the State apparatus, we highlight the creation of the Royal Treasury, similar to the one existing in Lisbon since 1761, which was responsible for the collection and accounting entries of the income generated throughout the Portuguese domain. This paper examines the balance sheets of the ledger book of the 2nd Royal Treasury General Accountancy from 1814 to 1820, based on historical and documentary research conducted in the collections of the Brazilian National Archive. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the accounting information recorded in the annual balance sheets, comparing it across different periods and determining its functionality as a tax control tool. The paper contributes to the literature with information on this special historical period in which Rio de Janeiro provisionally became the capital of the Portuguese Kingdom, maintaining a vital role in the political, economic, and social context of the time. The results of the study enable us to infer the economic conception of fiscal control that the Royal Treasury exercised in its administrative and accounting organization, showing the role played by accounting in the management of the Portuguese Royal House, given that accounting records reveal the ascendancy of the environment over accounting and the influence of accounting on the environment.

This paper deals with, in a diachronic perspective, the Italian verb-noun compounds of the type portalettere and covers the time span that goes from the Origins well into the beginnings of the Twentieth century. On the basis of a rich dataset drawn from diachronic corpora and lexicographic sources, the article presents the history of this word-formation process, emphasizing the semantic and categorial nature of these compounds. The main claim is that the current semantic variability (person, instrument, event, period of time etc.) has always been available in the linguistic history of Italian as well as, to a minor extent, the categorial ambiguity by which VN compounds also function as adjectival modifiers. It is shown that this last function is much of a diachronic innovation. This paper, which stems from the theoretical premises of Construction Morphology, reveals that the productivity of the Construction [V-N]A|N is due to both the semantic and formal flexibility shown from the earliest attestations of the language, and to the productivity of some semi-specified subschemas, which have served as models for the creation of new VN compounds, especially over the past few decades.

Introduction: Disruptions in passage time percepction and its duration estimation had been widely studied, particularly in pathologies where affectivivity plays the lead. It is suggested that mental illnesses characterised by negative affect are related to overestimating of time duration and slower down passage time, while in mental ilnesses characterized by positive affect the opposite is usually the case. Nevertheless, recent research come out with contradictory findings, suggesting that affect is not significant or it depends of another conditions (p.e. exposition to concurrent stimular content). The main purpose of this paper is to analyze if affect has effect on time estimation and the passage time perception. Method: 97 participants (56,7% women), whose age oscillates between 18 and 65 years old completed PANAS questionnaireand they werethesubject ofan experimental task. The experimental taskconsisting in four sets, where different contents (sitcoms, videogames and dcomentary films) were exposed to participants in four timing conditions (videos of 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds). Following to each exposition, participants tried to estimate the video duration (in seconds) and they valued how fast was the passage time for them. Results: While negative affectivity had not influence on time estimation or percepción of the time passage, participants who report high positive affect present a lower passage time perception in exposition to TV sitcoms (t=2,22; p=0.043). These participants tended to underestimate the duration of each video (especially, sitcoms), despite the fact that this shift was not significative (r=-0,188; p=0,065). Conclusions: Although we have detected some influence of postiive affect on duration’s perception and time passage, this study disputes that affect has some significant paper on these aspects. This finding supports the need of review theories that defens a tactical relationship between affect and disruptions in time estimation and perception.

This article suggests a thought and analysis the mismatch between the implementation of the State of Autonomies and the scarce cooperation and collaboration between Autonomous Communities in the face of a set of contemporary urban and territorial phenomena that clearly goes beyond regional political–administrative limits and in turn define new territorial areas of intermediate scale. First, the paper contextualises the fit of interregional cooperation in the Spanish legislation and points out the possible factors conditioning the scarce use of this instrument (collaboration agreements and cooperation agreements between Autonomous Communities). Second, the initiatives and files collected in the Senate database are analysed and characterised. This analysis evidences the insufficient degree of interregional cooperation. The paper ends with a discussion in regard to the importance of this instrument for responding to common problems and establishing development projects in cross–border territories.

This paper explores the connection between law and literature, considering the concept of civil disobedience as developed in the plot of the novel Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. To do so, this research uses the approach of law in literature, by linking the actions of Dumbledore’s Army to the theory of civil disobedience by Dworkin. Also, the narrative is compared to the conception of civil disobedience as a fundamental right, based on the conflict between facticity and validity, as described by Habermas. Thus, the analysis identifies, in the novel, two categories of civil disobedience proposed by Dworkin, and discusses, in real life, the overlapping of disobedience based on justice and on politics, in order to identify the conditions that justify actions of civil disobedience. Besides that, this paper analyzes the tension between legality and legitimacy, considering the decisions of the Ministry of Magic and its educational decrees, which sets the school community apart from the official political power. In conclusion, the research examines the use of persuasive and non-persuasive strategies and the reach of civil disobedience’s purposes based on the actions of Harry Potter and of Dumbledore’s Army.

This paper proposes a scientific criticism of “Redefining claim preclusion from verdict sovereignty", in which the immediate execution of the sentence to those convicted by the jury trials is defended. From the delimitation of the concept of democracy in the criminal procedure, this paper addresses the problems of the ideological inversion of discourse around the procedural guarantees that, in the hypothesis of the article, led to the argumentative use of the sovereignty of verdicts for the purpose of expanding the criminal power. In addition, this paper operates the concept of normative culpability of the presumption of innocence, a key category for understanding the resources and the impossibility of execution of the sentence immediately or anticipated, before the claim preclusion of guilty criminal sentence.

This paper aims to analyze the women's rights in the Brazilian context, mainly, reproductive rights. So, to achieve this purpose, this paper through the combination of Law, philosophy, and Literature tries to rethinking why women can’t have a voice when the decisions about their rights are taken? Methodologically, it was used a bibliographical revision, the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, wrote by Margaret Atwood (2002) and the concepts of Homo sacer and state of exception developed by the philosopher Giorgio Agamben (1998; 2005) to illustrated how life-narratives can promote human rights.

In a work entitled On the Generation of Animals, Aristotle remarks that “intellect (nous) alone enters from outside (thurathen)”. Interpretations of this passage as dualistic dominate the history of ideas and allow for a joining together of Platonic and Aristotelian doctrine on the soul. This, however, pulls against the well-known Aristotelian position that soul and body are intertwined and interdependent. The most influential interpretations thereby misrepresent Aristotle’s view on soul and lack any real engagement with his embryology. This paper seeks to extract the account of intellect (nous) in Aristotelian embryology from this interpretative background and place it within the context of his mature biological thought. A clear account of the actual import of this statement in its relevant context is given before explaining how it has been misunderstood by various interpretative traditions. The paper finishes by touching on how early commentary by Christian writers, freed as it was from the imperative to synthesise Greek philosophy, differed from those that came after. While realising that Aristotle’s position would not aid them in their explanations of the soul’s survival after death, their engagement with Aristotle’s science allowed for other aspects of theology concerning the fittingness of soul to body.

In a seminal essay from 1967, historian Lynn White, Jr., argues that the profound cause of today’s environmental crisis is the anthropocentric perspective, embedded in the Christian “roots” of Western tradition, which assigns an intrinsic value to human beings solely. Though White’s thesis relies on a specific tradition – the so-called “dominant anthropocentric reading” of Genesis – the idea that anthropocentrism provides the ideological basis for the exploitation of nature has proven tenacious, and even today is the ground assumption of the historical and philosophical debate on environmental issues. This paper investigates the possible impact on this debate of a different kind of anthropocentrism: Aristotle’s philosophy of biology. The topic is controversial, since it involves opposing traditions of interpretations; for the purpose of the present paper, the dominant anthropocentric reading of Gen. 1.28 will be analyzed, and the relevant passages from Aristotle’s De Partibus Animalium, showing his commitment to a more sophisticated anthropocentric perspective, will be reviewed.

Towards the end of the fourth century CE Nemesius, bishop of Emesa in Syria, composed his treatise On Human Nature (Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου). The nature of the soul and its relation to the body are central to Nemesius’ treatment. In developing his argument, he draws not only on Christian authors but on a variety of pagan philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the great physician-cum-philosopher Galen of Pergamum. This paper examines Nemesius’ references to Aristotle’s biology in particular, focusing on a few passages in the light of Aristotle’s Generation of Animals and History of Animals as well as the doxographic tradition. The themes in question are: the status of the intellect, the scale of nature and the respective roles of the male and female in reproduction. Central questions are: Exactly which impact did Aristotle make on his thinking? Was it mediated or direct? Why does Nemesius cite Aristotle and how? Long used as a source for earlier works now lost, Nemesius’ work may provide intriguing glimpses of the intellectual culture of his time. This paper is designed to contribute to this new approach to his work.

Access to a lawyer at the pre-trial stage of proceedings is an essential component of the right to defense in criminal proceedings and the right to a fair trial. Access to a lawyer enables the accused to make a good decision for his her defence. At present, there is no doubt that prompt access to a lawyer constitutes an important counterweight to the vulnerability of suspects in police custody, ensures equality of arms and provides a fundamental safeguard against coercion. This study analyses a suspect’s right to access to a lawyer at the initial stage of criminal proceedings in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The first part of the article provides an analysis of the understanding of the right to a lawyer at the pre-trial stage as applied by the ECtHR prior to the Salduz case. This period in the ECtHR’s case law was characterized by a lack of precision as to the temporal limits of the right laid down in Article 6 § 3 (c) of the ECHR. The next part shows the changes brought about by the judgment in the Salduz case regarding the protection of suspects and ensuring their right to counsel. It is argued that the Salduz doctrine not only covered the suspect’s access to a lawyer at the initial stage of the pre-trial proceedings, but also stressed the obligation to inform the suspect of his or her rights, including the right to remain silent. An important element of the Salduz doctrine was the possibility to eliminate evidence obtained during an interrogation conducted at an early stage of the pre-trial proceedings in the absence of a defense counsel. Further, the paper argues that the standard set out in the judgment in the Salduz v. Turkey case was confirmed in a number of rulings. The fourth part of the paper draws attention to the erosion of the Salduz standard that occurred with the judgment in the Ibrahim and Others v. the UK case. The article also brings into focus recent judgments of the ECtHR which have reinforced the view expressed in the Ibrahim and Others v. the UK case concerning a test of fairness of a trial as whole. It is underlined in the conclusions that recent ECtHR’s case law does not provide any cause for optimism regarding legal assistance at an early stage of criminal proceedings.

By analyzing the twin-track strategy applied to precautionary measures, the paper focusses on the precept enclosed in the second part of the Art. 275, para 3, Code of Italian Criminal Procedure (as well as in Art. 12, para 4-bis, d. lgs. 25 July 1998, n. 286) which establishes some exceptions to the general rules concerning the application of pre-trial detention. The essay begins by describing the rules applying where common crimes are under investigation and then addresses the requirements established for certain serious crimes. In particular, after a detailed account of the legislative evolution (from 1991 to date) of the provision in issue, the paper dwells on its unresolved critical aspects, also taking into account the Italian Constitutional Court’s stance on the matter.

This research focuses on the study of the use of AI in pretrial detention decision making. Specifically, it analyzes the way in which judges usually assess the requirements of pre-trial detention and questions whether AI systems can replicate such assessment processes, improving the efficiency of decision making. To this end, we analyze the biases that judges incur when deciding on pre-trial detention, assessing the purposes and dangers that justify it, and how AI tools could replicate and, when possible, improve such decisions. Finally, the paper reflects on the risks that the introduction of AI systems could pose to procedural rights and guarantees, trying to establish the precise precautions or safeguards that should flank the advance of AI in criminal justice to achieve an incorporation of science in justice that is respectful of the fundamental rights of the defendant. In short, this paper hinges on two key questions to be answered: 1st) Can the use of AI serve to improve the efficiency of the decision-making process regarding the adoption of pre-trial detention? 2nd) What risks does the use of AI in this context pose to the rights and guarantees of the defendant and what precautions should be taken to prevent such risks?

The tale of procedural fairness is, by now, familiar and well worn. People ́s Republic of China criminal system of justice, which is currently gearing towards the pathway of procedural fairness, has (for the better or for the worse) attracted a wide global gaze. Irrespective of the underlying fairness (or the lack thereof) of the grievances brought forth by a worldwide phalanx of critics, China is steadily toiling towards the path of procedural justice, which is rooted firmly in the Rule of Law. Whilst procedural justice and procedural fairness map seamlessly on to the context of corporate criminal procedure law, there is bevy of critical questions that are in dire need of being consistently addressed nonetheless. One which is whether and to what extent politically- charged tools, which seemingly belie the western-borne concept of separation of powers (as the Supreme People ́s Procuratorate Guiding Cases and, to some degree, Supreme People ́s Court Judicial Interpretations) are amenable to forge the path ahead to meeting the fundamental tenets of due process in corporate criminal procedure law in Mainland China. Against this background, this paper aims to answer two sweeping research questions. Firstly, the degree to which corporate governance (and corporate compliance) subdues (and foremost trumps) corporate criminal liability. Secondly, whether and to what extent SPP Guiding Cases have catalyzed a seismic shift in People ́s Republic of China criminal procedural law. Conversely,one central contention of this paper is that a set of fairness-fraught corollaries can be withdrawn from SPP Guiding Cases with a view to map the path forward to fulfilling the baseline standards of both procedural fairness and procedural justice in People ́s Republic of China corporate criminal procedure law.

This paper aims to explain what disciplinary action in the Brazilian prison system is, as well as what violations of rules and infractions are in terms of the Law of Penal Actions, how they are classified and their consequences during the execution of the conviction decisions. Furthermore, this paper presents a consistent empirical research in the analysis of proceedings judged by the State Criminal Division of the 2nd Circuit Court (DEECRIM-2aRAJ), referred to the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo, aiming to denote that the disciplinary actions (in administrative and judicial proceedings) violate prisoners human rights and fundamental guarantees. Through access to the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo electronic portal, it was possible to select the analyzed proceedings here presented and demonstrate the mismatch between the procedures provided in law and the applied practice in the prisons. In conclusion, comparing the results obtained in the research with the official reports issued by the National Prison Department, the outcome is that, this critical distance between the force and the effectiveness of the human rights and fundamental guarantees, characterized by the Judicial Power aloofness concerning the prison population, interferes with the local prisons turnovers.

This paper begins by exploring the notions of resistance and protest in popular music. Although the terms have been used in Anglophone discussions of popular music for some hundred years, there is a tendency to treat them as synonymous. The paper draws on the work of David Laing (2003), who considers the distinction between protest songs and resistance songs, and also extends Barbara Harlow’s (1987) conceptualisation of resistance poetry to the similarly compressed discourse structures of popular songs. Framed by this exploration and by Mikhail Bakhtin’s theorisation of popular culture as “the privileged bearer of democratic and progressive values” (Hirschkop, 1987, p. 92), the paper presents an interpretive discourse analysis of the construction of social commentary, resistance and protest in the music of the band Herbs in Aotearoa New Zealand’s first Pacific reggae album, released in 1981. This investigation includes consideration of configurations of time/space and place relationships and the implications of these for meaning in three of Herbs’ songs, through the lens of Bakhtin’s (1981b) notion of the chronotope.

The aim of the paper is to present the tourist and image potential of contemporary public architecture. Wrocław was chosen as the research subject, as it is a historical center with an extremely rich architectural heritage, which has enjoyed great interest among visitors for centuries. With the announcement of Wrocław as the European Capital of Culture 2016, and then the European Best Destination in 2018, its attractiveness increased significantly, which was reflected not only in the number of visitors, but also in the advertising materials themselves. Both before and after arrival, millions of tourists encounter a multitude of various advertising forms, both virtual and printed, which determine the direction of sightseeing and shape a specific image and perception of the city. In general opinion, Wrocław is considered a historic city, the most interesting places of which are concentrated around the Old Town and Ostrów Tumski. The Centennial Hall, built at the beginning of the 20th century, stands out from the „newer heritage”. The idea of the study, however, was to answer the question whether contemporary architecture is used in any way in the current tourist advertisement of the city. Another goal was to identify and list the most frequently appearing objects from the adopted group, and to analyze the manner of their presentation. Based on the collected materials, efforts were made to assess the role of the media in creating a tourist product in terms of promoting local architecture in recent years. At the same time, an attempt was made to evaluate the role of architecture in creating the city’s progressive brand. In the research, the author used the method of analyzing the existing statistical data, iconographic research and the method of analyzing the content of advertising materials, as well as scientific studies on cultural heritage and tourism in the city. The final part of the paper shows that modern architecture can be a significant element increasing the tourist attractiveness of the city.

The present paper is aimed to analyze how certain concepts of political identity are translated into poet-ics of identity in contemporary Spanish narrative. The analysis covers four novels published since 1998, written by Spanish authors and which achieved high rates of sales and positive critical recognition. The study was not limited to specific immigrant groups in order to reflect a variety of experiences and political positions represented in the texts. The paper is a study of the image and functions of immigrant characters in selected Spanish novels of the last three decades: Háblame, musa, de aquel varón (1998) by Dulce Chacón, Ventajas de viajar en tren (2000) by Antonio Orejudo, Cosmofobia (2007) by Lucía Etxebarria and En la orilla (2013) by Rafael Chirbes. Sociologists and psychologists indicate three main classes of negative attitudes towards immigrants (citizen insecurity, threat to cultural identity and competitiveness in obtaining resources). Within this context the article aims to determine to what extent the literary representations of immigrant characters constitute reproductions or transgressions of culturally prefabricated images of the Other and explores the different narrative and ideological functions these characters play. The paper also studies the presence of discourses that support social exclusion of immigrants and the means of subverting them.

This paper aims to analyze the theme of authorship and co-authorship of scientific articles, especially in relation to Law field of knowledge. Basically, its aim is to answer: when can a researcher legitimately be nominated as coauthor of a scientific paper? This is a pertinent issue, considering the academic, social and economic impacts of the definition of authorship, as well as its importance in terms of accountability and integrity of scientific production. Thus, it will analyze the co-authorship conditions and the basic standards on the subject.

With regards to the excesses of our current pandemic, many early philosophical contributions to an understanding of our situation have focused on an unsolvable dichotomy between continuity and discontinuity with regards to the possible novelty of the Covid-19-pandemic. This paper seeks to take the event-character of this global phenomenon as given, to focus instead on the question of what it means to philosophize it, and in turn, to think through our present. How can we write for or near the present without reducing it to a mere moment, without stifling it in concepts hastily cast upon it? Through a discussion of the symptomatic positions of Deleuze, Foucault, and Derrida on the concept of the event around 1968, this paper argues for a second order ethics of tending to the present as a repeated critical practice that does not renounce being affected by the world it emanates from.

This paper uncovers and explores the consequences of the restricted libidinal economy at the roots of Adam Smith’s image of thought. Focusing on Smith’s « History of Astronomy », the paper argues that the space in which the smithian system operates is grounded on Newton’s celestial mechanics. It shows how this epistemological framework strongly impacted Smith’s economic, libidinal, semiotic and cognitive views. More precisely, it underlines how this framework is unable to cope with unexpected events such as psychic and economic crisis, that are figured by comets, meteorites – and more broadly, any kind of not identified cosmological objects – in Smith’s text. Second, the paper sets up a dialogue between Smith’s image of thought, Kant’s first Critique and Freud’s meta-psychical apparatus, underlying some affinities between the three projects. Finally, the paper presents F. W. J. Schelling’s post-Kantian, general and meteoric cosmology as a relevant alternative to reconfigure the current globalized and yet restricted image of thought we inherited from classical liberalism and rationalism.

This paper investigates the influence of the mathematical problematic on the political function of Gilles Deleuze’s work (including his work with Guattari). Most prominent is an investigation into the Deleuzian problematic—signified by Deleuze as the (non)being or? being of being—which is traced through the work of French mathematics by way of Georges Bouligand, Salomon Maïmon and Albert Lautman. This mode of mathematical formalization is explored in relation to Kantian axiomatization (in terms of both extensive magnitudes and intensive magnitudes/distances, as well as the relationship between problems and ideas). This paper explores the way that Deleuze uses Lautman’s discussion of the mathematical real to bring mathematical concepts into other discourses (such as politics). The paper concludes by enacting this move, exploring the way that the concept of the problematic is used within the political register by putting it into conversation with the aleatory.

Two recent tendencies in digital-cultural theory have attempted to critique a representational view of computation through an attention to the language that itemizes computational processes. This paper argues that that each of the thinkers aligned with these two broad camps tend to reduce this language to one of two kinds of structure. The first approach sees the structures of computation and digitality as chiefly social; the second sees these structures as an extension of mathematical and philosophical logic. This paper proposes that the task of thinking outside this schema necessitates a methodological approach to computational elaborations of language not in terms of a logic of structure but a logic of sense. Through the work of Gilles Deleuze—by way of linguist Louis Hjelmslev—I introduce a notion of sense suitable for the analysis of the logico-mathematical statements that comprise digitality. I then read two examples from machine learning and computational linguistics research that provide occasion to consider aspects of digitality traditionally elided by the dominant usages of computers in the natural and social sciences. Finally, I conclude with some proposals regarding how we might conceive of the ontogeny of a digital object from this perspective.

This paper analyses the Spanish Civil War combatants’ private diaries as an alternative and/or complementary source to more conventional ones for the study of the conflict. The study mainly focuses on the lifespan of the sub-genre ’personal diary’ as an historical text, highlighting the reasons for its relevance as compared to other individual documents, the reasons for its onset, the importance of daily writing habits for the author, the eventual writing abandonment, later use of the document, and the main topics reflected by the combatants. The paper focuses on the analysis of 30 personal diaries, a substantial amount that allows for considering those texts as essential historiography sources. All this contributes to a closer, more tangible and more attractive interpretation and study of the conflict than the conventional ones do.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the process of awareness of the Workers Brotherhood of Female Catholic Action (WBFCA) during the first decades of Francoism. To this effect, a perspective is considered which establishes a dialogue and puts a strain on the notions of gender, class and religion within Catholic Spanish Action (CSA). This research shows the importance of Catholic workers’ identities in order to understand in depth the social participation modes “from below” developed in that period, as well as the conduct of Catholic workers therein. Drawing on female individual memories, this research displays some of the WBFCA subjectivities. Finally, the paper analyses some individual –and collective– tensions that arose between the workers and the CSA ladies, a point that allows for a better understanding of the communal narratives provided by the working class.

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of «inculturation» in the religious images drawn by Monica Liu (Ho-Pei), a unique artist who promoted Religious Art and Education in Taiwan. Monica Liu adopted Western Christianity into Chinese art to create paintings that reflect her love for nature as well as Our Lady who is deeply venerated in the Catholic Church and regarded as the mother of humanity. This paper is a qualitative research based on an interview conducted with Huang Wan-Yun, a protégée of Monica Liu who had a very close relationship with the latter during the last ten years of her life. This research is also based on some writings that Monica left behind and several articles written about her by acquaintances. The culture and faith expressed by Monica Liu through Our Lady’s images help us to deeply understand the value and relationship between religious art and faith. In addressing the needs of the secular world, religious art has encountered difficulties in terms of contemporary aesthetics. Monica’s distinct aesthetic considered «moral virtues» important to modern or contemporary art and their absence could result in distorted values. Therefore, true mission work in the field of religious art has to be close to everyone’s heart, as well as emphasize the importance of inculturation through natural representations and create awareness of taboo in art, which involves «additional and supplementary» elements in original artworks.

This paper affords an insight into an important phenomenon related to the current worldwide increase in xenophobic behavior. In the past as well as in the present, the issue of anti-Semitism was the topic to be discussed; we note the dangers of the return and growth of populist and racist political parties and social movements while observing similar discussions today, especially in Eastern Europe (including Slovakia). They are linked to the current anti-vaccination and anti-war movements. This study had three objectives: (1) To present the critical anti-Semitic narratives that survived communism and were re-mediated after the establishment of an independent Slovakia in 1993; (2) to identify inherited mechanisms that continue to determine the forms of negative attitudes of Slovaks towards Jews; (3) to identify and analyze current narratives representing new forms of digital anti-Semitism in the current disinformation media in Slovakia. This paper employs a structured interview method with thirteen Slovak multi-disciplinary experts to research crucial inherited and current anti-Semitic narratives. Our research identified ten anti-Semitic narratives that remain in the current disinformation media. The research also points to two former mechanisms from the communist era that still influence the attitudes of Slovaks towards Jews. This also influences the nature of contemporary anti-Semitism: the generational influence, under which intolerant attitudes pass from generation to generation, and the influence of (inherited) power and economic “remorse”, accompanied by the common notion of the “exploitation” of countries (including Slovakia) by the Jewish community. Finally, four new and current narratives have been identified through structured interviews with experts, determining the nature of current digital anti-Semitism.

The thesis of this paper is that laziness is not a psychological property of an individual subject but a collective sentiment: it is a reaction, or perhaps even a rebellion, against those who lock us within a culture that sees activity as a supreme value, often as an end in itself. Laziness is the response to those who force us to do and overdo, to give ourselves over to our occupations with zeal and constancy, total dedication and blind perseverance. So, it is not true that a lazy person does nothing, rather they do everything they can in order to not do anything. They work frantically in order to create the perfect conditions that allow them to activate their inertia. This paper tries to prove this thesis by analyzing some exemplary texts such as Goncharov's Oblomov, and linking it, upstream, with traditional Russian fairy tales and, downstream, with Melville Bartleby's famous tale.

The paper aims to answer the problem of the legitimacy of the jury nullification through the critical analysis of the argumentum a fortiori that sustains its inadmissibility in trials of heinous crimes against life because if neither the Parliament would be allowed to waive punishment, much less would the Jury be authorized to do so. The paper raises the hypothesis that the Jury is indeed not hierarchically inferior to the Parliament, so that the premises of the argumentum a fortiori would be mistaken. A bibliographical review based on the criminal functionalism is carried out regarding the legal nature of the Jury Court in the legal system and its dogmatic consequences, in order to verify the raised hypothesis, which observes that that the Jury corresponds to an institutional guarantee belonging to the People, allowing us to conclude that it is hierarchically superior to the Parliament and that the Jury nullification should therefore be seen as a sovereign waiver of the punishment.

A discussion of synodality in the Catholic Church, addressing the competing claims of prophecy and law, and examining the ways lay people are excluded from governance and from having their voices heard. The paper addresses the question of whom to obey, the law or the prophets, and reviews the ongoing confusion between the two apparent opposing forces. The paper describes the creation and recent functioning of the Synod of Bishops and lay-clerical tension in the Church, and the ways each contributes to either positive or negative discernment. Finally, in light of the ongoing Synod on Synodality, the paper examines and explains the discernment process in Ignatian terms, concluding that only Spirit-driven discussion is fruitful.

In this paper I will show that it is possible to extract elements from an embedded root clause in a V2 language, provided that the deleted copy is spelled out in a high position. However, if the embedded clause does not have V0-to-C0 movement, no deleted copy can be spelled out. This difference falls out naturally from the assumption that embedded root clauses must be thematically complete and that in the case of movement chains, the foot of the chain cannot be spelled out. This paper is a detailed study of extraction strategies in Norwegian, based on a corpus of 1329 informants. Its novelty lies in combining the study of extraction strategies with the presence of resumptive elements in the embedded clause.

As part of a broader multidisciplinary research project dealing with the association between health and green/blue environments, this paper aims at exploring the spatial variation of medication reimbursements within Belgium. These data were potentially and a priori considered as a proxy for health. This paper is purely exploratory: statistical maps, correlations, PCAs and cluster analyses corroborate the results. Five groups of medications prescribed for health disorders associated with the environment have been selected. We show that – at the level of the municipalities – the spatial distributions of the five medication groups are positively correlated to each other (medication consumption co-vary positively in space, whatever their type), but are independent of the environmental and socio-economic conditions measured. Against our expectation, they prove to be negatively correlated to air pollution and green spaces. Strikingly, the spatial distribution of medication prescriptions follows the linguistic border between Flanders and Wallonia. This implies that the observed differences are mainly due to administrative/political regional differences in terms of health policies, medical schools, pharmaceutical commercial activities, etc. that are hard to quantify (no data, diversity of actors) but should be taken into account in any further explanatory model. Medication reimbursements data correspond to a new type of data, and despite their potential attractiveness for health analyses, extreme care has to be taken when interpreting their spatial variation and their link to health.

The present paper is based on the concept of intersemiotic translation coined by Jakobson and its application to translations from text into illustrations. On this basis, the paper seeks to establish a model of analysis that relies on Leuven-Zwart’s comparative model and applies some of its tenets to intersemiotic translation processes. The framework suggested here firstly splits both text and illustration into small units of meaning that will facilitate an ensuing contrast between them. This comparison will lead to a second stage where possible shifts of meaning will be spotted and analyzed. It is expected that the results of this stage will help determine the dynamics between a text and its corresponding illustration. Eventually, the aforementioned analytical model will be tested on a series of illustrations from two different picture books: Titch and A Couple of Boys Have the Best Week Ever.

This paper explores the construction of subjectivity in literary self-translation. As it will be argued, the notion of the reworking of the prior ethos, defined by Amossy (2001, 2010, 2014) as the set of socio-discursive elements and procedures which enable speakers to restore, modify or transform in a new exchange the image the audience may have of them, is productive to reflect upon the distinctive nature of the discursive practice known as self-translation (Grutman y Von Bolderen, 2014; Ferrara y Grutman, 2016). The validity of our theoretical and methodological proposal will be put to test through the analysis of two essays by Puerto-Rican writer Rosario Ferré (1990, 1991a). Accordingly, the goal of this paper is two-fold: to articulate a proposal which, based on the notion of reworking of ethos, can account for the particularities of subjectivity in self-translated discourse, and to contribute, on an analytical level, to the study of self-translation in the field of US Latina literatures.

Since the nineteen seventies, the Socialist International (SI) played a key role in the rapprochement between Europe and Latin-America. Indeed, Felipe González and the PSOE promoted the SI principles at both national and international levels, being at the root of the relationships between Western Europe and Latin America. Within this context, this paper aims at examining the trajectory of the PSOE foreign policy towards Latin America. With this purpose, this paper identifies three crucial moments between the nineteen seventies and the nineteen nineties. The first one coincides with a clear approach between the PSOE and Latin America involving increased mutual knowledge and the strengthening of their links through the SI. The second one took place when previous “political” statements were brought to life. The third and last moment is identified with the re-sizing of “economic” activity in foreign matters after Spain became a member of the EEC.

The conjunction como si select usually in the subordinated adverbial clauses (modal, conditional and comparative) the tenses of the subjunctive mood cantara / cantase and hubiera / hubiese cantado. However in some papers is mentioned the possibility of the construction of como si with the tenses of indicative mood. This paper contains the analysis of the modal selection after como si and, particularly, the possible substitution of subjunctive by the indicative tenses. The analyses is realized on the ground of the corpus of Real Academia Española (CORPES XXI, CREA, CREA. Versión anotada).

According to the United Nations (UN), about 70% of the world’s population projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Therefore, cities are experiencing an enormous urban transition the world has ever seen, accounting for 80% of global carbon dioxide emissions, consuming over two-thirds of the world’s energy, and producing 1.3 billion tons of waste per year. Leaders, governments, architects, urban designers, developers, planners and business leaders need to make decisions and find solutions for how billions of urbanites will live in the future. Therefore, future cities will require new design principles to face their urban challenges and problems such as pollution, poverty, poor environment, land use management, green-house gas emissions and socio-economic and environmental risks. In this context, the case study area of this paper will be El Raval district, which is in a medieval quarter of Barcelona. This area considered as one of the oldest and a significant part of the city that contains many heritage buildings and unique traditional urban context going back to hundreds of years. The district has an influx of immigrants, which has transformed its label from an industrial neighbourhood into a residential one and low rents that have attracted many people of low income, making it a vibrant and multicultural community. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to address the implementation of innovative solutions, advanced technologies, ICT and IoT that might enhance people participation in the urban design processes and respond to urban futures challenges. The result of this research will lead to creating a platform to resolve the conflicting values of architectural heritage and smart cities principles, sourcing new sustainable technologies and the integration of the smart infrastructure systems.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.23.2019.14