Search

Society management and the COVID-19 pandemic require continuous restatement and consolidation. Furthermore, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development created by the United Nations establishes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations and where Goal 5 addresses gender equality as a central priority. The main aim of this paper is to present a crossed-analysis study on how the health crisis has influenced differently the social behaviour between gender and generations in Spain. For this study there have been used a massive open data from the Sociological Research Centre (CIS). The mixed techniques´ methodology of this research was applied to study four social effect dimensions, such as “way of living”, “way of thinking”, “way of self-healthcare” and “social habits and behaviour”. The used techniques contributed analytically to gender and generations management during the pandemic with the intent of complementarity. Obtained findings by analysing four studied dimensions explain the effects and consequences of the pandemic involving differences between men and women, younger and older generations, leading to society management implications that can timely serve as a paradigm with scientific insights for public policies.

Southern European cities face the challenges associated with the recent emergence of the formal and informal economies of the ‘Tourist City’ and are the scenario for diverse social tensions. Local protests against these changes, sometimes discredited as NIMBY –Not In My Backyard– have led to conflicts with visitors and local public administrations. However, fuzzy definitions of the groups organising these protests are often found in the literature, as well as regarding the previous urban conditions for and the impacts of their actions. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the protests in the Portuguese neighbourhood of Bairro Alto (Lisbon) and the Spanish neighbourhood of La Latina (Madrid), in order to explore how moral ownership and ‘belonging narratives’ around places are variously put into play to legitimise and/or contest urban changes. We also reflect on the benefits and perils of building strong local identities versus the contemporary global tourism that flows into Southern European cities.

This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments. This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments.Este trabajo analiza si existen diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo en los diferentes países sobre la percepción de un impacto negativo de la participación laboral de las madres en sus hijos y en su vida familiar. Para ello se identificaron, de forma simultánea, subgrupos de tradicionalismo a nivel individual y segmentos de países con diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo de sus ciudadanos, a través de un análisis multinivel de clases latentes (ML-LC) de las respuestas a tres preguntas del módulo Familia y Roles de Género del International Social Survey Program (ISSP), que se aplicó en 22 países en los años 1994 y 2002. Se identificaron seis subgrupos de nivel individual y cinco segmentos de países. La estructura de los subgrupos a nivel individual es casi idéntica en ambos años. Cuatro subgrupos a nivel individual difieren solamente de manera cuantitativa en su nivel de tradicionalismo. Dos subgrupos más se caracterizan por una tendencia a defender de la crítica a las madres que trabajan. De 1994 a 2002 el tamaño de los subgrupos tradicionales disminuye, y también se ha producido algún cambio en la composición de los segmentos de países.

Resumen: Este artículo ofrece una visión introductoria desde el novedoso campo de investigación de 'Niños nacidos de la guerra'. Se trata de niños y niñas nacidos durante y después de conflictos y guerras habiendo sido su padre miembro del enemigo, fuerzas aliadas o fuerzas de paz y su madre una ciudadana local. A menudo, los niños y niñas nacidos de la guerra son estigmatizados y discriminados en su propio país y sus intereses y derechos particulares eludidos en situaciones de postconflicto. En este artículo se presenta una categorización de los niños nacidos de la guerra y algunos de los resultados del proyecto de investigación realizado sobre niños de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por último, se explora la situación internacional y judicial de estos niños así como las pautas posibles de ayuda dirigidas a éstos y sus madres.Abstract: This paper gives a short introduction into the rather new research field of 'Children born of war'. These are children who are born during and after conflicts and wars were the father has been a member of an enemy, allied or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. 'Children born of war' are often stigmatised and discriminated in their home country and their particular interest and rights are overlooked in post-conflict situations. This paper presents different categories of children born of war and some results from research projects on children from Second World War are presented. Finally, the international and juridical situation of children born of war are discussed and possible guidelines to assist mothers and children introduced.

The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.

This paper examines the association between preschool enrolment of 3-5 year olds and maternal marital status in Mexico and determines how this association varies by maternal education and socioeconomic status. Based on microdata from the 2010 Mexican census, we used descriptive statistics and random-effect logistic models for this analysis. Children of single, separated or cohabiting mothers have lower preschool enrolment rates than children of married mothers. However, for children of highly-educated mothers, these disadvantages are slightly reduced, and reversed for children of divorced mothers, except for children of cohabiting mothers, whose lower preschool enrolment persist across social groups.

This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments. This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments.

El documento explora, desde la perspectiva sociológica, politológica y psicológica, el estado del arte en el estudio de la violencia, y aborda la estrategia gubernamental de México en su versión asociada al narcotráfico. | The paper explores, from a sociological, political and psychological perspective, the state of the art in the study of violence, addressing the government's strategy in Mexico in the version associated with drug trafficking.

La percepción de la corrupción constituye uno de los elementos centrales de la opinión pública española. Para unos, es una construcción exagerada provocada por unos medios de comunicación que han hecho de los escándalos de la corrupción una mercancía de gran demanda. Para otros, es el fiel reflejo del deterioro de un sistema político imperfecto, sin controles ni castigos, sometido a la creciente mercantilización de servicios y derechos por el empuje sin descanso del neoliberalismo. El objeto de este trabajo es demostrar el funcionamiento de las fuentes que nutren la percepción de la corrupción en la coyuntura 2012-13, justo cuando alcanzó su registro más alto, así como evaluar sus posibles efectos sistémicos. | The perception of corruption is one of the central elements of Spanish public opinion. For some, it is an exaggerated construction provoked by some media that have turned corruption scandals into high-demand merchandise. For others, it is a true reflection of the deterioration of a flawed political system, without controls or penalties, undergoing the growing commercialization of services and rights imposed by the non-stop pressure of neoliberalism. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the functioning of the sources that feed the perception of corruption at the juncture 2012-13, just when it reached its highest levels, and to evaluate its potential systemic effects.

Este artículo tiene como propósito dar a conocer cómo las mujeres de la ciudad de León-Nicaragua conciben, conceptualizan y describen la salud desde su propio contexto. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con siete grupos de mujeres trabajadoras en la economía formal e informal. Por medio de un análisis de contenido y del discurso se identificaron cinco concepciones de salud: 1.Tradicional o campesina, 2.Maternal, 3.Social, 4.Equilibrio y 5.Biomédica. El conocimiento de estas concepciones podría ser utilizado para ajustar culturalmente los programas de prevención y promoción de salud en atención primaria en el país.ABSTRACTThis paper pretends to demonstrate how women in Leon, Nicaragua conceive, conceptualize and describe health from their own context. A qualitative study was conducted with seven groups of women workers in the formal and informal economy. Through a content and discourse analysis five health concepts were identified: 1. Traditional or peasant, 2.Maternal, 3.Social, 4.Equilibrium and 5.Biomedic. Knowledge of these health concepts could be used to adjust culturally prevention programs and health promotion in primary health care in the country.

This paper gives a short introduction into the rather new research field of ‘Children born of war’. These are children who are born during and after conflicts and wars were the father has been a member of an enemy, allied or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. ‘Children born of war’ are often stigmatised and discriminated in their home country and their particular interest and rights are overlooked in post-conflict situations. This paper presents different categories of children born of war and some results from research projects on children from Second World War are presented. Finally, the international and juridical situation of children born of war are discussed and possible guidelines to assist mothers and children introduced.

One of the main concerns is the nature of the missing values. Let’s consider extremes for simplicity. If missing at random we have not to care about. But if missing shows structures that covariate with substantive variables we have to make decisions. There are, in fact, several options to take. We are speaking about one country, one mode. But if you go cross-cultural (or more precisely, cross-state nations) and mixed modes many questions raise. For example, the simple one. What are we comparing? Reports and books usually go straight into variables distributions and coefficient comparisons. This is possible because the annalist presume "tabula rasa" effect from data collections procedures. But this is not, frequently, the real situation. This paper will expose the mixed missing mode imprint in international surveys. This will help to evaluate how deal with this problem. Also, to consider the real meaning of observed cross-national differences. | Una de las principales preocupaciones en la investigación mediante encuestas es la naturaleza de los valores perdidos. En el caso de que sean de ocurrencia aleatoria no generan problemas excesivos. Por el contrario, si los valores perdidos muestran estructuras que covarían con variables relevantes deben tomarse decisiones fundamentales. Eso en el caso de una encuesta en un país. Pero si se trata de una encuesta comparada, efectuada en varios países y además con modos mixtos de recolección de datos, la cuestión deviene bastante más complicada. Entre las preguntas surge la más evidente ¿Qué se está comparando realmente? Con frecuencia los investigadores emplean directamente distribuciones de frecuencia y coeficientes, haciendo “tabula rasa” de otros factores que puedan generar diferencias. Esta investigación muestra como la interacción entre las estructuras de valores perdidos, el modo de recolección de datos y el hecho de la cross-culturalidad es significativa. Se muestra su efecto en los datos.

Se da una estadística trágica que revela una gran cantidad de personas muertas en Argentina producto de enfrentamientos en espectáculos de fútbol. La violencia en este deporte es algo del cual se ha hablado mucho, pero pocas medidas efectivas se han llevado a cabo por el estado argentino. Dentro de esta coyuntura, el presente trabajo de revisión conceptual intenta proveer un nuevo modelo para comprender el fenómeno. La violencia no solo es un motor de cambio entre los agentes sociales que mantienen los bordes de la identidad, sino que se articula o desarticula hacia fuera en tanto se pueden establecer pactos de hospitalidad (amistad) entre las hinchadas. No obstante, lejos de desaparecer, la violencia se canaliza hacia dentro del club. Por el contrario, aquellas hinchadas que no celebran pactos de amistad, disminuyen la violencia dentro de sus filas pero la exteriorizan. Al ser un deporte nacido de la lucha bélica, el futbol está condenado a la violencia. | Given the tragic and sad numbers of the killed persons in Argentina resulted from clashes and acts of hooliganism, the present paper explores not only in the nature of violence, a point well and widely debated in the media, but also in the State inefficiency to eradicate the problem. In this vein, this essay-review provides readers with an all-encompassed model to understand the hooliganism. Violence not only is a key factor to promote the solidarity among citizens, but also keep the borders of community and its sense of security. Our thesis is that those hooligans who celebrate hospitality with others are penchant to exert violence inner wards while the violence does not disappear, but she is re-channelled towards the boundaries. The lack of hospitality reduces the internal violence but increase the hostility beyond the limits of community. The discourse of football has emerged from the army machinery of West and violence is enrooted in its own nature.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo situar discusiones recientes que han focalizado en la visibilización mediática de la violencia de género en España atendiendo a presentarlas en relación, por un lado, a los ejes discursivos del marco de reconocimiento establecido y, por otro, a las implicaciones teórico-políticas de este. Nuestra hipótesis es que la forma de visibilizar la violencia de género, en particular respecto de la judicialización como estrategia mediatizadora, no solo desactiva las posibilidades de transformarla sino que reproduce marcos de reconocimiento donde las mujeres no son sujetos agentes. El sujeto mujer configurado como víctima denunciante se encuentra supeditado al saber y control judicial y, por tanto, desprovisto de agencia. Para contribuir a la transformación de esta configuración, apuntaremos vías de intervención basadas en la innovación representacional. | This paper aims at revising recent debates in Spain on how gender violence has been made visible by placing them within the context of the analysis of, on the one hand, the variables that sustain how the problem has been discursively configured and, on the other, the theoretical and political implications that result from it. Our hypothesis is that the mode of visibilisation, particularly with respect to the use of judicialisation as mediatising strategy, not only deactivates the possibilities to transform the problem but it also reproduces frames of recognition that place women in positions devoid of agency. Since the solution to their ordeal is construed on the basis of filing a complaint, this, in turn, makes them subject to judicial power and control. In order to transform the problem, modes of intervention through representational innovation will be proposed.

El presente artículo se orienta a explicar e interpretar el sentido de la acción social ejercida por actores y agentes socioeconómicos y políticos que intervienen en el proceso de planeación, tomando como punto de partida el reconocimiento y comprensión de las concepciones sobre el desarrollo regional esbozadas por ellos en sus comunicados, directrices y documentos estratégicos que emplean para incidir en una macrorregión como el Sur-Sureste mexicano en el marco de lo que se denominó como Plan Puebla-Panamá. Se plantea la tesis de que el desarrollo regional no es un proceso espontáneo, sino que es un proceso dirigido y gestionado mediante políticas públicas en las cuales convergen múltiples actores y agentes que hacen valer sus prioridades e intereses en los procesos de construcción de mercados y redistribución de la riqueza. Se trata pues de interpretar y contrastar la naturaleza, los alcances y limitaciones de las concepciones sobre el desarrollo regional expresadas por los gobiernos locales y las fuerzas sociales opositoras en el contexto de políticas públicas transfronterizas promovidas en espacios de reserva.This paper is oriented to explain and interpret the meanings of social action performed by actors and agents socio-economic and political involved in the process planning, taking as its starting point the recognition and comprehension of conceptions of regional development outlined in their communications, guidelines and strategic documents that they use to impact in a macro-region as the South-Southeast of Mexico under what is termed as the Plan Puebla-Panama. The thesis is that regional development is not a spontaneous process, but a process designed and managed through public policies in which multiple actors and agents converge, who assert their priorities and interests in the process of building markets and redistribution of wealth. The question is to interpret and compare the nature, scope and limitations of the regional development conceptions expressed by local governments and oppositional social forces in the context of cross-border policies promoted in spaces of reserve.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el papel de las redes alternativas de comunicación en la construcción del poder político a través del proceso de framing o enmarcado. En los últimos años, la capacidad del público para producir (nuestros) propios mensajes que potencialmente desafíen los encuadres fijados por la elite política se ha expandido enormemente con la llegada de Internet y las comunicaciones móviles. En este sentido, las redes virtuales son importantes porque pueden aumentar la capacidad de las masas para comunicarse entre sí transformando los marcos de referencia individuales en marcos interpretativos de carácter colectivo.The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of alternative communication networks in the construction of political power through the process of framing. In recent years, the ability of the public to produce (our) own messages that potentially challenge those frames established by political elites has been importantly expanded by the advent of Internet and mobile communications. In this sense, virtual networks are important because they can influence the capacity of masses to communicate with each other transforming individual frames of reference into collective interpretative frames.

Existe una corriente crítica reciente que trata de trascender desde las Ciencias Sociales los enfoques clásicos en materia de migraciones. Sin embargo, al análisis crítico resulta insuficiente; es necesario desarrollar enfoques metodológicos que mejoren la aplicabilidad de los estudios. Este artículo defiende la necesidad de adaptar estructuras y categorías de análisis a un modelo multifactorial y multidisciplinar que pueda captar en todas sus dimensiones un fenómeno tan complejo como es el de las migraciones.In recent years there exists a critical trend from Social Science which intends to go beyond the classical approaches as regards migrations. However, the critical analysis is insufficient; it is necessary to develop methodological approaches which improve the studies applicability. This paper upholds the necessity for adapting structures and categories of analysis to a multi-factorial and multidisciplinary model with the aim of understanding in all its dimensions such a complex phenomenon as migrations are.

ResumenEn los últimos años, la ciencia se ha preocupado de estudiar la felicidad y sus causas. Sin embargo, en los estudios no se ha prestado demasiada atención a grupos de individuos que comparten una idea bastante personal sobre qué es el bienestar, que va más allá de la opinión occidental. El presente texto pretende analizar las posibles ventajas e inconvenientes, así como las limitaciones y aportaciones, que los estudios de felicidad pueden ocasionar en la comprensión del Buen Vivir de los pueblos indígenas latinoamericanos. También sacaremos conclusiones sobre qué puede aportar el Buen Vivir a los estudios de la felicidad.AbstractIn the last years, science has studied happiness and its causes. However, research has not given much attention to groups that share a particular view of happiness, that goes beyond the western idea. This paper aims to analyze the possible advantages and disadvantages, as well as limitations and contributions of happiness research in the comprehension of Buen Vivir of Latin American indigenous people. We also draw conclusions on the contribution of Buen Vivir in happiness studies.

ResumenLas siguientes páginas ofrecen observaciones sobre la vulnerabilidad social y económica de los inmigrantes temporeros, en concreto los asentados en las zonas rurales del sur de Italia. A continuación, se expone un análisis sobre los fuertes conflictos entre los lugareños y los inmigrantes, prestando especial atención a las zonas rurales de Gioia Tauro y Rosarno. Esta última (con poco más de 15.000 habitantes) cuenta con la presencia de inmigrantes desde principios de la década de los noventa, para la cosecha de cítricos. La mayoría de los inmigrantes provienen del África Subsahariana. Al principio, el presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis crítico de lo que arrojan los datos, centrado en la transformación de la mano de obra agrícola, el estilo de vida de los inmigrantes y algunos aspectos socioculturales típicos del medio social. Por último, examinaremos la cuestión del papel de la inmigración desde el punto de vista de un proceso-concepto a través del cual se puede analizar la relación entre la ciudad y el campo y el cambio socioterritorial en clave cosmopolita.AbstractThe following pages deal with remarks on social and economical vulnerability of seasonal immigrants, in particular the ones settled in rural areas of Southern Italy. An analysis concerning the strong conflicts between the natives and the immigrants follows, the main attention being given to Gioia Tauro zone and to Rosarno rural area. The latter (a bit over 15.000 inhabitants) has included immigrants’ presence since the early 1990s, on citrus crop. Most immigrants are from South-Sahara region. At first, the paper aims at pointing out the critical analysis of what emerged from data, paying attention to rural labour transformation, to immigrants’ ways of life and to some social-cultural aspects, typical of the social environment. Finally, the question concerns immigration role from the point of view of concept-process through which it is possible to analyze the relationship between the town and the country and the social-territorial change in key cosmopolitan.

ResumenEste trabajo analiza el fenómeno de la movilidad desde Rumanía (interna, internacional y transfronteriza), recorriendo las fases históricas y las principales características antes y después de que este país se integrara en la Unión Europea. El “sistema de inmigración de Rumanía” tiene sus raices en la movilidad interna del período Socialista, y actualmente se caracteriza por el predominio de los movimientos circulares que, como en el caso italiano, coexisten sin embargo con una marcada tendencia a la estabilización.AbstractThis paper analyzes the phenomenon of mobility from Romania (internal, international and cross-border) tracing the historical phases and the main characteristics before and after this country entered the European Union. The “Romanian immigration system” has taken root in the internal mobility of the Socialist period and now is characterized by the predominance of circular movements that, as in the Italian case, however, coexist with strong trends to stabilization.

Resumen: La actual crisis financiera desde finales de 2008 ha devuelto a la actualidad las propuestas de Keynes, incluida la propuesta de crear una moneda internacional (Bancor). El artículo reflexiona sobre algunas de estas medidas, la eficacia de las políticas monetarias, la creciente desigualdad de los ingresos, el nuevo papel de los bancos, las estrategias políticas de los gobiernos ante la crisis y las oportunidades para combinar la recuperación con medidas que favorezcan un desarrollo más sostenible.Abstract: Since late 2008, together with the current financial crisis we can see a return of the Keynes’s proposals, including the proposal to create an international currency (Bancor). This paper reflects on some of these measures, the effectiveness of monetary policies, the growing income inequality, the new role of banks, political strategies of governments to address the crisis and the opportunities for combining the economical recovery with measures to promote a more sustainable development.

Resumen: Las actitudes ciudadanas ante el estado del bienestar van a ser en el futuro motivo de gran interés debido a los proyectos de reforma que se prevee realizar. Los valores y los intereses personales son el conjunto de factores que influyen decisivamente en la opinión de los ciudadanos. Este trabajo pretende dilucidar en que medida los valores representados por la idea de igualdad, de autoridad y de mérito, la posición política y la percepción de los efectos del estado del bienestar permiten determinar la opinión de los individuos sobre la situación futura del sistema de pensiones.Abstract: Citizens’ attitudes to the welfare state will be in the future of great interest because of the draft reform envisaged. The values and interests personal are all factors that strongly influence in the opinion of citizens. This paper seeks to ascertain to what extent values represented by the idea of equality, authority and merit, political position and perceptions of the effects of state welfare for determining the views of individuals on the future status of the pension system.

Leisure activities and identity interact and structure young people’s lives. Empirical research on such interaction is scarce and contradictory. This paper explores the relationships between leisure activities with different levels of commitment (serious, casual) and identity traits. A total of 938 young people (476 men and 462 women) aged 18 to 24 (M = 21.13; DT = 1.98) completed a time budget (TB) and a self-description questionnaire about identity based on the Twenty-Statements Test, as well an association between the TB and the self-descriptions. The study shows the complementarity of serious and casual leisure in the formation of youth identities and gender differences.

The aim of this scientific paper is to determine the extent to which knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between knowledge donating and organizational performance. Based on literature review and relying on the theoretical perspective “Knowledge Based View” the research hypotheses were formulated. Through a transactional study and with Mexican organizations of the Public sector through the perception of 239 public servants the hypotheses were supported. A multivariate analysis (SEM) was performed. The results of this research confirm that knowledge collecting influences knowledge sharing only when it is related to knowledge donating, and confirm that knowledge sharing is a mediating variable between knowledge donating and organizational performance. This research leads us to prove that in the public sector organizations the strategic direction of organizations must be reoriented towards their internal resources as the source of organizational effectiveness.

Resumen: El estudio empírico de la posición social de los individuos en las sociedades avanzadas supone un reto investigador, por cuanto las rápidas transformaciones en la estructura y las nuevas pautas de movilidad social hacen aconsejable incorporar variables ausentes en el estudio tradicional de la estructural social. El artículo propone cuatro estrategias operativas para el análisis de la estratificación social, recogiendo enfoques de diverso origen y tradición, y buscando sintetizar los esfuerzos desarrollados hasta el momento.Abstract: Empirical study of social position in advanced societies supposes a research challenge, because fast transformations in the structure and new patterns of social mobility, make it advisable to incorporate missing variables in the study of the traditional social structure. The paper proposes four different operative strategies for the analysis of social stratification, focusing approaches of diverse origin and tradition, and seeking to synthesize efforts developed up to now.

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza la participación social de los jóvenes españoles, partiendo del concepto de capital social. Utilizando como metodología los modelos estructurales de covarianzas, busca la relación entre las actividades de participación de los jóvenes y factores como la pertenencia a asociaciones y colectivos, el interés que manifiestan por la política, el grado de confianza en la utilidad de la participación política y valores como la solidaridad. También evalúa la influencia de variables externas como el género, la clase social o los estudios. La principal hipótesis que se plantea consiste en que el grado de participación general está mediada principalmente por el interés en la política y por la actividad en ámbitos de participación institucionalizados.Abstract: This paper analyzes the social participation of Spanish young people, based on the concept of social capital. We use Covariance Structural Models as methodology to find the relationship between the participation activities of young people and factors such as their associations membership, their interest on politics, their confidence feeling on the political participation and values such as solidarity. It also evaluates the influence of external variables such as gender, social class or studies. The main hypothesis is that the overall participation is mediated primarily by the interest in politics and by the activity in institutionalized areas of participation.

Resumen: La heterogeneidad con la que nos encontramos al estudiar las parejas interculturales o mixtas, va más allá de las diferencias de origen sociocultural; interviene factores tales como el rol que cada individuo adopta dentro de la pareja (por ejemplo, quién contribuye más económicamente, el status, el nivel educativo, etc.). En este artículo se propone un modelo empírico que muestra el efecto de un conjunto de variables, que expresan circunstancias sociales, sobre la decisión de formar un matrimonio interculturalmente mixto. También las consecuencias en la vida social del individuo.Abstract: The intercultural marriages or mixed marriages depend upon several factor. Not only the different cultural origin. Other determinants like the role of the partner (i.e. economic contribution, status, educational level, etc.) or the type of the family (modern, traditional, etc.) influence the outcomes. This paper contains a proposal of empirical model for study the intra-European mixed marriages.

Resumen: Considerando el carácter cada vez más multicultural de nuestras sociedades, las parejas mixtas son una de los más relevantes indicadores de la integración de los inmigrantes en los países de destino, al tiempo que representan escenarios de encuentro y desencuentro de diferencias de toda índole (cultural, étnica, lingüística, religiosa, política, de clase, de ingresos, de nivel cultural, etc.). En este contexto se sitúa el presente artículo en el cual se estudia esta dinámica a partir de los discursos de parejas mixtas en Italia.Abstract: Considering the increasingly multicultural character of our societies, the mixed unions are one of the more significant guides of integration of the immigrant community in the host countries. At the same time, we can observe different encounters and disencounters (cultural, ethnic, linguistics, religious, politics, of class, of income, of cultural level, etc.). In this context, the present paper analyzes these aspects across mixed couples in Italy.

Resumen: El objetivo del artículo es plantear el contexto teórico de las características que envuelven el fenómeno de las familias multiculturales, es decir, aquellas familias en las que el origen étnico o la primera nacionalidad de uno de los miembros de la pareja no es la española (también llamadas parejas o matrimonios mixtos). Se trata de analizar las consecuencias que se derivan de la diversidad cultural, más allá de la cuantificación del hecho migratorio y presentar la metodología del estudio financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the theoretical context of multicultural families, that is, families in which ethnicity or first nationality of one of the partners is not the Spanish (also called couples or mixed marriages). The text analyses the consequences of cultural diversity, beyond of migration quantification and present the methodology of the study funded by the Ministry of Education and Science.

Resumen: Este estudio analiza las diferencias en la integración de extranjeros viviendo en intra e interétnicas parejas en Alemania. La teoría de la distancia social asume que los migrantes que forman parte de una pareja mixta estarán mejor integrados o, al menos, debería darse las mejores condiciones para una integración exitosa. Esta hipótesis es analizada a través de los primeros datos del Panel Alemán de Integración. El análisis realizado condujo al resultado central de que los participantes en el curso de integración se integraban mejor cuando contaban con una pareja alemana, especialmente en cuanto a la integración cultural se refiere.Abstract: his paper analyses differences in the integration of foreigners living in intra- and inter-ethnic partnerships in Germany. According to social distance theory, it is assumed that migrants living in an inter-ethnic partnership should be better integrated or should have better conditions for a successful integration than foreigners living in an intra-ethnic partnership. This hypothesis is analysed by using data from the first wave of the German Integration Panel, a longitudinal survey of integration course participants. The analyses conducted led to the central result that participants of an integration course are more integrated when they have a German partner without migration background. This is especially true for their cultural integration, i.e. knowledge and usage of the German language, but also for their social and emotional integration.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of the current university internship programs, with a particular focus on the present needs of the main stakeholders: the students and businesses. The study draws on the interpretive perspective of organizational culture (Berger and Luckmann), which stresses the difficulty of integrating subworlds with different codes, practices and habits. The results of a case study on the program run by University of Cadiz are then presented through a qualitative analysis. Otherwise, the conclusions have been compared with those obtained in recent research conducted by Spanish universities (Granada, UNED, Politécnica de Valencia, Politécnica de Madrid, Carlos III and Lleida).

Questioning the social spiral deriving from participation has flared up the debate regarding the place it occupies in contemporary democracies. It does not seem possible to deny the evidence that many studies have pointed to regarding the political attitudes associated with institutionalised participation (associations). But we question in this study the fact that the whole participation phenomenon is equated with that type of participation. Our paper compares different ways of participation in a sample of European countries to, first, analyse the activities that can be linked to each form of participation and whether it can be held that they are different from the point of view of the individual. Second, we analyse the attitudes that lead individuals to choose one option over the other. We conclude that for individuals the different forms of participation are different forms of political engagement. Our study shows an evolution in non-institutional forms of participation over time that is difficult to ignore, from being expressions bordering illegality to taking them as normalised tools for citizens. We could now start to consider them from the point of view of the implications they have for democracy as a different way to exercise political influence.

Negli ultimi anni la crisi economica ha colpito con forza l’intero Sud Europa, esasperando dinamiche di impoverimento e precarizzazione di lungo periodo. In Italia e in Spagna, tra gli altri, si è assistito a mobilitazioni contro la precarietà lavorativa e esistenziale. In questo contributo vengono presi in esame i movimenti contro la precarietà in Italia e in Spagna, allo scopo di analizzarne la genesi, gli sviluppi e le prospettive future. In particolare, il paper si concentra sulle rivendicazioni dei movimenti, l’autorappresentazione, la struttura delle alleanze e le strategie di azione, mettendo in luce i risultati delle proteste e i repertori discorsivi e di azione.

En aquest treball es repassa primerament el paper que ha tingut l’esport en el reforçament de la identitat nacional. A continuació, centrem l’atenció en el futbol per a parlar de la dinàmica centre-perifèria duta al terreny dels clubs de la Lliga espanyola; i dels èxits de la selecció espanyola i les implicacions per al sentiment nacional. Això últim ens serveix de base per a l’estudi empíric desenvolupat a partir d’entrevistes semiestructurades a militants de base de partits valencians d’esquerra i centreesquerra. Amb aquest material analitzem els discursos dels militants sobre aquestes victòries i la seua relació amb la identitat nacional.

One of the main concerns is the nature of the missing values. Let’s consider extremes for simplicity. If missing at random we have not to care about. But if missing shows structures that covariate with substantive variables we have to make decisions. There are, in fact, several options to take. We are speaking about one country, one mode. But if you go cross-cultural (or more precisely, cross-state nations) and mixed modes many questions raise. For example, the simple one. What are we comparing? Reports and books usually go straight into variables distributions and coefficient comparisons. This is possible because the annalist presume "tabula rasa" effect from data collections procedures. But this is not, frequently, the real situation. This paper will expose the mixed missing mode imprint in international surveys. This will help to evaluate how deal with this problem. Also, to consider the real meaning of observed cross-national differences.

Since late 2008, together with the current financial crisis we can see a return of the Keynes’s proposals, including the proposal to create an international currency (Bancor). This paper reflects on some of these measures, the effectiveness of monetary policies, the growing income inequality, the new role of banks, political strategies of governments to address the crisis and the opportunities for combining the economical recovery with measures to promote a more sustainable development..

This paper analyses differences in the integration of foreigners living in intra- and inter-ethnic partnerships in Germany. According to social distance theory, it is assumed that migrants living in an inter-ethnic partnership should be better integrated or should have better conditions for a successful integration than foreigners living in an intra-ethnic partnership. This hypothesis is analysed by using data from the first wave of the German Integration Panel, a longitudinal survey of integration course participants. The analyses conducted led to the central result that participants of an integration course are more integrated when they have a German partner without migration background. This is especially true for their cultural integration, i.e. knowledge and usage of the German language, but also for their social and emotional integration.