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Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar alguns aspectos relacionados à secagem de folhas de papel (celulose) sobre uma superfície aquecida e regime de convecção natural no interior de uma estufa. Foram analisadas três situações: - para a umidade inicial: amostras de 1 folha de papel, temperatura de secagem de 100ºC e umidade inicial de 130 a 180% (b.s.); - para a temperatura de secagem: amostras de 1 folha de papel, umidade inicial de 150% (b.s.) e temperatura de 50 a 110ºC;- para a espessura das amostras: temperatura de 100ºC; umidade inicial de 150% (b.s.) e amostras com de 1 a 5 folhas de papel. A influência destas variáveis no comportamento da secagem foi estudada a partir de uma proposta de curvas de secagem generalizadas, analisadas individualmente e para os três efeitos em conjunto, sendo proposto um modelo para ajustá-lasAspects in the drying of paper (cellulose) sheets over a heated surface under natural convection condition inside an oven are provided. Three different operational situations are carried out: (1) for initial paper moisture contents: sheets of only one hand sheet of paper, drying temperature of 100ºC and initial moisture content from 130 to 180% (dry basis - d.b.); (2) for drying temperature: sheets of only one hand sheet of paper, initial moisture content of about 150% (d.b.) and drying temperature from 50 to 110ºC; (3) for sheet thickness: drying temperature of 100ºC, initial moisture content of about 150% (d.b.) and multi-layer sheets of one to five hand sheets of paper. The influence of these variables in drying curves behavior is studied through the theory of generalized drying curves, analyzed individually for each effect and for all together. Finally, the possibility of fitting them is discussed

Considering the increased generation of solid waste and the difficulty of proper final disposal, it is of utmost importance to study the reuse of solid waste, seeking a beneficial alternative for the population and the environment. This study aimed to produce wood particle boards incorporated with different percentage of waste from the manufacture of labels and tags, commonly known as paper shavings, containing biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), aiming its reuse. Physical, chemical and mechanical tests were performed. The difference in density between the materials used to manufacture the boards influenced the production process as well as the amount of waste added. Values of moisture content and thickness swelling remained within the range set by the regulations. The results for water absorption analysis are in agreement with those in the literature on the incorporation of different types of waste in the boards. According to our findings, it was observed the importance of a homogeneous mixture of the materials, and pH control. The incorporation of waste containing BOPP into particle boards may be a promising disposal alternative for this waste, given the development of a by-product that encourages sustainable development.

ABSTRACT Sedentary behaviour is a global concern over the past decade and still an alarming issue at present. Among the concerns of being sedentary was gadget use among children as well as physical activity involvement. Several researches explore the factors link to inactive lifestyle. However, theory generation particularly on gadget use and physical activity involvement process among children were limited. Thus, this paper aims to build theory on gadget use and physical activity involvement among children. This study explores children experiences on too much gadget use and physical activity involvement through qualitative approach using grounded theory lens. Participants of the study were 11 to 13 years old school student and selected parents from Philippines. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi - structured in depth interview. Computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) was implemented in this study. Specifically, ATLAS ti. 22 software was used in data management and analysis which was guided by constructivist grounded theory by Charmaz. Theory was generated in this study after coding process i.e. initial coding, focused coding and theory building. Rigorous analysis of data in this study generated a theory and presented in form of process. The children’s involvement process theory to gadget use and physical activity was explained in the following phases; being influence, being happy, accepting the situation, giving conditional task, physical activity: being last on the list. The findings indicate the reason why children spend too much time on gadget as they interpret it as happy place and less time for physical activity as they consider it as last in engagement priority. Results of this paper contribute understanding on how middle school students interpret their experiences regarding excessive gadget use and physical inactivity. Awareness on how children view gadget use and physical activity involvement provides parents, health experts and other related professionals a basis for creating a plan or strategy to promote a balance gadget use and physical activity involvement for children.

Nowadays, it is commonly recognized that educational researchers are challenged to address the cumulatively interwoven pathways where critical theories must become complementary and responsive to developing complex research design (e.g., Critical Race Theory). Postcolonial theories, in this sense, have longed enriched a criticality committed to the deconstruction of Western ways of knowing by interrogating and dislocating mainstream notions of science, modernity, and identity. Still, it seems necessary to engage in a discussion about how it would be possible to carry out research with a post-colonial perspective on current identity formation scenarios strongly marked by new pathways of social mobility in the Global South. This paper focuses on two contributions to postcolonial thought: 1) multiplicity, 2) and concrete study analysis. In it, the authors seek to share their experience designing a complementary qualitative framework underpinned by these terms that serve to translate and contextualize the model of Community Cultural Wealth (Yosso, 2005) as applied to developing global education research about immigrant students and their emerging educational pathways in relatively new pathways of social mobility in South America. By drawing on lessons learned from the ongoing research built on the testimonios of Latin American students and their mothers in the northern region of Chile, the authors share analytical strategies that deploy post-colonial perspectives to complement the content and narrative analysis normally deployed in ethnographic educational methods. Finally, this paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about fractures, expansions, and openings within post-critical educational investigations regarding methodological aspects; postcolonial thought contributes to the reinvention of new ways of thinking about cultural diversity in education.

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a study that investigated the experiences of 25 physical education (PE) teachers from public and private schools in Angeles City, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that many PE teachers encountered various challenges and were hesitant and unconfident about teaching PE during the pandemic. Additionally, many PE teachers were given non-teaching assignments and responsibilities, which added to their workload. The study highlights the importance of equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to adapt to the new teaching and learning modalities during the pandemic and providing support for PE teachers during this challenging time. The paper concludes by suggesting that future research could investigate the specific strategies and approaches that have been most effective in helping PE teachers overcome the challenges they face in teaching during the pandemic and the long-term effects of the pandemic on the teaching and learning of physical education.

The genre of metapoetry thematizes the fictional elements – the inspiration of a poet, his poetic process, meta-poetic metaphors, the role of the poet in society, and intertextual references – partaking in the making of poetry explicitly or implicitly carried through a poem within a poem technique. This paper presents Eva Müller-Zettlemann’s theoretical pronunciation of meta-poetic elements, i. e., poetic inspiration, poetic process, and meta-poetic metaphors, at play in the metalyrics of Taufiq Rafat from his anthologies Arrival of the Monsoon: Collected Poems 1947-78 (1985) and Half Moon: Poems 1979-1983 (2008). Rafat’s inspiration is the South-Asian terra firma and lived experience that makes him infuse the regional sensibility through a poetic process of perceiving and penning down immediately. His meta-poetic metaphor involves the invention of an image of cultural genesis that informs the process of poetic creativity. Moreover, the study also considers the explicit expression of the role of the poet in society and the functions of poetry in Rafat’s poems, otherwise a prose phenomenon. Thus, the paper analyzes the conscious expression of the construction of South-Asian singularity inspired by the cultural kernel in content and form in Rafat’s metalyrics.

Postmodern poetry revisits the traditions and subjects myth and history to drastic experimentations. The present paper reacts to Ashbery's postmodern rendition of the myth of Orpheus in his poem ‘Syringa’ (Ashbery, 1985). He dismantles and opposes the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice and disrupts its totalitarian voice. The main concerns of the paper are to investigate what linguistic potentials Ashbery deploys in his experimentation, how these potentials help him appropriate and then subvert the mythical subtext, and what the consequences of this subversion could be. He disturbs the myth of Orpheus by drawing on the potentials of constructed oppositions. These potentials help Ashbery deconstruct the mythical narrative and adapt it to his postmodern tastes. The theoretical framework comprises Leslie Jeffries's notion of constructed opposition. The methodology is analytic and interpretive; it conducts a close reading of the poem which situates the poem at the intersecting nodes of myth, poetry, and language. The poem is argued to have relied heavily on the oppositions that Ashbery sets up between his text and its mythical subtext. The paper concludes negation and shifts of verb-tenses are the main structural triggers of opposition along with semantic triggers.

VoTec (Vocabulário Técnico Online) is a web environment for terminographic management created by Fromm (2007) with the aim of training undergraduate and graduate students for terminographic and translation practices. Since 2007, it has been used in several research and projects aimed at researchers training and monolingual and bilingual reference works production. This paper aims to present an overview of the projects and research carried out through VoTec between 2007 and 2023, as well as of the updates made on its database and query page. To do so, we describe its initial version (Fromm, 2007), the Terminology in Fiction (Fromm, 2011a) and the Linguistics Vocabulary (Fromm & Yamamoto, 2013) projects, as well as the following terminographic works/proposals: Vocabulary of Historical Linguistics (Yamamoto, 2015), Vocabulary of Business and Events Tourism (Carvalho, 2015), Vocabulary of Theology (Cardoso, 2017), Bilingual Vocabulary of Linguistics (Yamamoto, 2020), Vocabulary of Digital Marketing (Mateus, 2022) and Vocabulary of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (Santos, 2023). This panorama highlights: (i) VoTec's productivity for research and projects in the scope of Terminology, Translation, monolingual, bilingual and multilingual Terminography and Pedagogical Terminography; (ii) its continuous updates allow VoTec to follow latest trends and technologies on online reference works, becoming increasingly robust and multimodal, as well as to approach the needs of current users of online reference works; (iii) due to the possibilities of customizing fields and functionalities, VoTec easily adapts to different types of research and is capable of generating terminographic products with different purposes and target audiences.

The death of god, which refers to the absence of god's value, weight, significance, and role from people's life experience, is among the most dominant themes of existential literature, especially that of Sartre. It is heavily investigated in his theoretical as well as creative works, such as Being and Nothingness (1969) and The Flies (1989) as it constitutes the cornerstone of his philosophical views of Existentialism, nihilism, freedom, and responsibility. It is hard to understand Sartre's The Flies (1989) and its philosophical background as well as theme(s) without considering the concept of the death of god and its involvement in the development of actions. Accordingly, this paper reads The Flies (1989) investigating Sartre's techniques of introducing and contending that god is dead and has nothing to do with people's life or prosperity. Considering the related literature and the different perspectives of Nietzsche and Hegel regarding Existentialism, the paper deciphers certain scenes and speeches delivered by several characters, such as Zeus, Orestes, and Electra, and it concludes that Sartre’s The Flies (1989) shows how the belief in the death of god may function as a productive force in humans' life and existence. Thus, the paper may help readers of Sartre better understand the existential mechanism of the death of god and comprehend why Sartre's Existentialism is to be viewed as an optimistic, rather than pessimistic, approach.

This paper presents a study carried out in a Brazilian pellet industry in order to determine the main properties of sugarcane bagasse pellets. Materials and methods are in accordance with standards from the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), Agência de Proteção Ambiental (EPA) and European Pellets Standard. The pellet properties mean values found in this study are: diameter (9.70 mm), length (22.70 mm), bulk density (726.32 kgm-3), mechanical durability (98.2%), moisture (5.49%), heating value (16.0 MJ kg-1), ash content (8.70%), fixed carbon (14.03%), volatile matter (77.27%), nitrogen (0.28%), sulphur (0.02%) and chlorine (< 0.02 %). The results are compared with those obtained from the literature and discussed according to international standards for biomass pellets, wood pellets and solid biofuel. The comparative analysis showed that there are differences between the results found in our study in comparison with other studies and international standards. The paper also presents the production process energy consumption and cost analysis.

This paper presents the modified perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) fed three-port DC‐DC converter in PV/battery hybrid system. The proposed MPPT technique reduces the drift problem which occurs in the conventional MPPT methods by including the data of change in current (ΔI) in addition to the data used in the conventional P&O algorithm. The drift phenomenon and its effects are clearly demonstrated in this paper. The ability of the proposed P&O method to address this issue is proved by comparing the conventional P&O algorithm in different modes of operation. The performance assessment includes peak overshoot, settling time, MPP ratio and stability. The experimental validation was implemented using DSPIC30F4011 microcontroller. From the analysis and results, it could be seen that the modified P&O showed better performance in terms of accuracy in tracking the maximum power, less tracking time, high MPP ratio and reduced drift in the changing weather conditions.

The paper aims to propose a business model framework under a product-service approach in the aerospace industry based on the main elements identified in the literature. Through a Multi Criteria Decision Method - the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) - a set of elements was prioritized by nine specialists from the industry for establishing a fractional ownership business model in the civilian market of a Brazilian helicopter manufacturer. The results indicate ten elements for composing the business model framework, in which value proposition, customers and culture are part of it. The practical implication of this study indicates an opportunity to boost the integration of product and service in the aerospace industry, specially using AHP for business model construction. For future researches, others companies can be considered in the study. In addition to manufacturers, service firms or operators of helicopters can compose the specialists group. Besides, another Multi Criteria Decision Method can be applied aiming to do a comparative analysis of the results among the methods. The paper fulfills a gap about how business model is structured in a product-service integration context, especially in an industry originally considered as manufacturer.

This paper argues that dress is not a mere choice an individual makes; rather, it metonymizes almost every aspect of one’s identity. Through a critical analysis of Arab British novelists Fadia Faqir’s (2014) Willow Trees Don’t Weep and Leila Aboulela’s (2010) Lyrics Alley, the paper accentuates the skillful employment of dress in these novels and highlights its different implications. It also brings to light the strong relationship between the main characters and their choice of dress. In addition, this study draws on different theories of dress as an interdisciplinary subject in sociology, psychology, and cultural studies. The paper cites textual evidence which focuses on the different implications of dress and shows how these authors have used dress deliberately to comment on important social and political issues in their homelands and/in diaspora. Furthermore, it concentrates on these sartorial episodes to show that the identity construction of the main characters in these novels intricately intertwines with socioeconomic, political, cultural, religious, and psychological circumstances.

Spatial relationships are fundamental in shaping our interactions with the physical world. They also play a significant role in our construal of abstract ideas in terms of space. In order to understand this transfer of ideas from concrete to abstract space, image schematic approach is applied to analyze role of adpositions in a number of languages. This paper attempts to analyze conceptualization of postpositions in Bangla using image schematic approach. In Bangla, nominal postpositions are derived by suffixing locative suffix -/e/ with the noun. However, this suffix is also used as an independent postpositional marker in Bangla. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand image schema of this locative suffix in different contexts. The basic image schema of this locative suffix is observed to be that of container schema. However, functional component of this containment relation varies across different contexts. Further, two spatial postpositions of Bangla are analyzed indicating that locative suffix -/e/ primarily carries the sense of space in these two nominal postpositions of space. This analysis helps to understand how meanings of these nouns interact with meaning of locative suffix to form nominal postpositions using image-schema. These differences in meanings have resulted in their different distributional and usage patterns.

Politics of force today is inseparably connected with politics of images. This paper focuses on the representation of the image of Russia in the British political mass media discourse of 2013-2017. Taking into account K. Boulding’s definition of the image of state as a special concept, the paper claims that this concept includes the notion or nuclear, verbalized with the lexeme ‘Russia’ and its substitutes, and different associations, connected with this notion and thus forming: metaphorical, evaluative and ethnocultural associative layers of the concept. Drawing on the scientific works on problems of mass media discourse, image-formation, associations, structure and verbalization of concepts and using the methods of contextual, critical discourse, seme and conceptual metaphor analysis, the paper reveals the range of means for surfacing the nucleus and layers of the concept ‘Russia, used by British journalists. These means demonstrate ideological values of the discourse in question and stereotypes, which it forms in the minds of British people. The paper suggests that the scheme of analysis of the image of state in the political mass media discourse, offered in it, can be applied to the investigation of images of other states as well as to comparative studies.

Baddeley (2007) proposed the Hedonic Detection to explain the connection between emotion and working memory (WM). This review aimed to systematize evidence of the influence of emotion on performance of WM tasks and its association with the Hedonic system on current studies. We carried out a database research that generated 103 papers in a restricted period (2007-2017). Ten papers combining behavioural tests with psychophysiological measures and ten papers using strictly behavioural tasks were selected. In all approaches were observed that the type of cognitive request underlying the task is crucial to understand how WM performance is influenced by emotion. Besides, was possible to detect a trend in the literature to focus on executive process related to a neural model for WM, since just only one behavioural paper explained the results based on Hedonic Detector system.

In this paper, we explore contradictions in the uneven movements of engaging video games in learning, and the affective deployment of play as a strategic mechanism to guarantee institutional and civic compliance. To that purpose, we are tracing the links between positivist, evaluative paradigms in Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) scholarship, arguing that a linear assessment of knowledge transmission does not adequately engage the complexity of virtual worlds and the learning processes they mobilize. As a response, we propose a cyber-ludic pedagogical framework that embeds gamers’ knowledge-production practices and performances in the wider social context they occupy, acknowledging their hybridity as digital and physical experiences. We apply this framework to a case-study reading of a vlog entry performed as a humorous guide to social distancing at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our reading recognizes the operationalization of knowledge communication modes as tropes while emphasizing discrete projects of brand awareness, identity formation, and claims to digital space. Our analysis of the vlog performance of what we term ‘technodeviance’ serves to de-exoticize the deviant in educational research; problematize the assumption of one-way knowledge transmission and representation; and center the pedagogical value of game and play data that is found in popular culture texts and in user-generated content.

Versus is a preposition that in Latin meant 'towards', but already in the fifteenth century it acquired in the English legal language the value of 'against', and with this meaning it is frequently used in today's Spanish. This is what this is really about, to elucidate whether special education should be oriented “towards” inclusive education; or if both models should face each other, or if, on the contrary, special education and inclusive education are models that must converge and be integrated into a school that accepts as a paradigm any educational need’s type. The goal of this call for papers is to develop a space for reflect on these two school models that, in recent times, have come to foster a debate on whether one should should take priority over the other. Special education refers to a set of scientific knowledge and educational, psychological, social and medical interventions focuses on optimizing the possibilities of exceptional subjects. European countries are adapting special education in accordance with the principles of normalization, integration and inclusion, and with the conception of education as a service provided to citizens. The concept of Special Educational Needs´concept focuses on the student's issues, not starting from their limitations, but focusing on the provision of means to achieve equal capacities for all. The World Declaration on Education for All (Jomtien, Jomtien, 1990) is the basis for inclusive education and it goes from the concept of normalization of differences in ordinary schools to the concept of inclusive school, which accepts all students as basically different regardless of their personal and social circumstances. The World Conference on Special Needs Education (Unesco, 1994) held in Salamanca, Spain, represents the beginning of an Inclusive Education Movement, with one of the principles with special educational needs people., they should have access to ordinary schools and be integrated through a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting those needs. The real challenge of inclusive education involves a work that starts from the recognition of human diversity, the uniqueness of each individual and their belonging to a culture. The Inclusive School is an ethical and social requirement where the learning of all students is guaranteed, with special emphasis on those who are excluded, marginalized or at risk of being so, through the implementation of a set of actions aimed at minimizing barriers to student learning and participation.

Star Wars is a science fiction saga that for over thirty years has captivated fans and viewers all over the world. The saga reproduces the desires of the current society, decade by decade, and also produces new forms of representation regarding female characters. Although we know names like Princess Leia and Padmé, both had their narratives crossed by negative stereotypes about female representations. As it is a science fiction genre, we still notice a mostly male presence, despite new appearances of heroines. However, it was with the release of The force awakens (Foster, 2015), that the franchise reignited the engagement and interest of the public, besides attracting the eyes of a new generation. In this way, more female characters were cast for the new trilogy, such as the new protagonist being a woman. In the same year, a literary adaptation was launched in the publishing market, bringing the story to the field of letters and providing new dialogues between the characters. Accordingly, this paper aims to conduct an analytical study on the construction of the character Rey in the literary version of the story, under the light of feminist criticism. For our methodology, we conducted bibliographical research, using authors such as Murdock (2013), Kuhn (1994), and Mulvey (1983). As a result, we understand that it is important to perceive negative stereotypes reproduced in female characters in science fiction narratives, which are also related to women and their representations in literature.

This paper discusses about the fixed frequency pulse mask control based high frequency AC conversion circuit for industrial induction heating applications. Conventionally, for induction heating load, the output power control is achieved using the pulse with modulation based converters. The conventional converters do not guarantee the zero voltage switching condition required for the minimization of the switching losses. In this paper, pulse mask control scheme for the power control of induction heating load is proposed. This power control strategy allows the inverter to operate closer to the resonant frequency, to obtain zero voltage switching condition. The proposed high frequency AC power conversion circuit has lesser total harmonic distortion in the supply side. Modeling of the IH load, design of conversion circuit and principle of the control scheme and its implementation using low cost PIC controller are briefly discussed. Simulation results obtained using the Matlab environment are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the pulse mask scheme. The obtained results indicate the reduction in losses, improvement in the output power and lesser harmonic distortion in the supply side by the proposed converter. The hardware results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Current paper is the result of a research on twenty-eight starting university teachers in four universities in southern Brazil and seeks to understand their concern on pedagogical discussion spaces as a possible support for the development of their teaching practice. The research started from the point that starting teachers should insert themselves within higher education culture and find pedagogical support to develop their lectures. As a rule, they have recently obtained a doctoral degree, complying with the required academic title for their tenure, but with scanty or no pedagogical preparation. The subjects answered a semi-structured interview, with issues on the challenges, difficulties and possibilities of pedagogical support pointed out when they started their activities. The quantitative data form the corpus analyzed used in the analysis. The paper is based on studies by Garcia (1999, 2009b), Vaillant and Garcia (2012) and others. Results showed that pedagogical education and professional development of university professors, developed through pedagogical spaces, are essential for and welcomed by these teachers. An overall policy is required that valorizes the teaching tasks as fundamental for achieving teaching quality.

This paper presents studies on the lexical access of bilinguals with the aim of extending the assumptions of the bilingual lexicon to the study with multilinguals. For that, studies that investigated the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM), the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA+) model and the models of speech production, on the serial and interactive views, are presented. Two models specifically designed for multilinguals are also presented in this paper: the Multilingual Processing Model and the Dynamic Model of Multilingualism. Based on this review of literature, research questions are raised to the investigation of the models presented with multilinguals.

This paper addresses the primary public inspection, particularly that exercised by parish inspectors, considered as one of the forms of manifestation of the policy on education. A research about reports and official letters concerning the primary public education in Paraná in the provincial period (1853-1889) shows ordinary school issues and, especially, the relationship between teachers and the authorities responsible for the administration and control of the work in schools. This paper aims to deep the knowledge on parish inspection and literary council, as components of the inspection that used to be present in the relations between teachers and inspectors. The methodology includes documental research, analysis of sources and crossing of information from reports and official letters with the provincial legislation of Paraná. We can conclude that, in spite of a relative legal organization when it comes to the distribution of administrative functions and control over public instruction, the latter remained quite precarious at the end of the provincial period, since only with the advance of social relations of production of material life the school would become necessary.

Deleuze's philosophy constructs a unique and highly expressive poetics. In fact, it is the result of an intense work in writing, which may not be separated from his philosophy of conceptual creation. Current paper conceptualizes what would be a poetics of immanence in Deleuze´s terms, as a contrast to mimetic and representational poetics. The poetics of immanence proposes a mutual presupposition between concepts and affections, or between thought and its expression in words, instead of a transcendent relationship between the two terms. The essay investigates some features of this poetics to demonstrate its pertinence for certain modern and contemporary poetics. Samuel Beckett, one of the most important references to Deleuze, will be highlighted in the paper.

Relying on the Constructal Design method, this paper introduces new periodic models for the thermal potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (Eahe). As a case study, it analyses the best spacing for three ducts arranged triangularly in order to maximize the heat transfer between soil and air. More specifically, the ratio between the horizontal and vertical spaces among the ducts is set free to vary up to limiting global constraints. This paper aims to better understand how the variations in affect the thermal performance of Eahe. As an additional contribution, some relationships between and the thermal potential of Eahe are mathematically and continuously stated. This allows establishing additional results for the efficiency and energetic performance of Eahe, as well as recommend arrangements in the shape of isosceles triangles with base and height unitary.

This paper shares the results of a study into the way Iranian TEF or TEFAQ candidates treat the listening comprehension as a skill as well as their awareness and exploitation of metacognitive strategies while listening to an audio document. A Persian translation of the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) was used in addition to another questionnaire specifically developed for this research in order to gage how important candidates think listening in L2 is compared to the other skills, how much time they spent on practicing listening, and how often they take advantage of authentic documents to improve their listening. Not only did the results show an underestimation of the listening comprehension skill by the majority of Iranian L2 learners, but they also pointed to significant differences in the way men and women exercised their ears and treated the incoming audio stream. The paper concludes that learners’ awareness of listening strategies needs to be raised through classroom instruction and frequent exploitation of authentic documents outside the classroom setting should be encouraged.

This paper addresses the glosses of the first edition of George Chapman's philosophical elegy, The Shadow of Night (1594), as a specific and common practice of prescriptive work, produced by Renaissance authors following the ancient tradition of the auctoris interpretatio. Assuming the gloss as an exposition and scrutiny of the places of poetic invention and elocution, Chapman puts himself in the position of both annotator and authorizer of his text, defining a particular legibility for the poem within the learned circles of the English court of Shakespeare’s time. Considering the view of the glossarial practice as an emulation of the ancient scholium work of ‘exposing the difficulties’ of a literary text and thus legitimizing it as fit to enter the proper tradition, this paper discusses, 1. the implications of Chapman's glosses for the poem's immediate reception; 2. the importance of authorized role models (Servius, Macrobius, Cornutus) for the glossarial practice; and 3. the idea that a text does not possess a congenital clearness of its own, but can only be understood through the continuous process of a specific glossarial assessment.

Current paper focuses on the idea that problematization should be the focal point of all historiographical activities, or rather, the writing of History, particularly the History of Education. The paper contributes towards the already existing production within the field of the History of Education that employs pedagogical printed texts as privileged sources which answer the following questions: What, in historiographical terms, may be done with a source? How is a source selected? Which possibilities may it reveal when it penetrates the meanderings that involve the tension produced within the educational field? Why should one describe a source? What is the relevance that such a procedure provides for historiographical activity, especially in activities with the specialized press focused on education and teaching? Responses give rise to discussion on the methodology of historiographical activities on Education. Their dissemination is sharing results, originating from the challenge in accepting the evidence, through one´s production, results from the historiographical activity conducted on the Revista do Ensino, published in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is especially true for the section ‘Our tests’, or rather, the presupposition that the sources do not speak for themselves and there is no a priori selection by the researcher.

Current essay identifies and analyzes how research involving the theme Teachers´ Formation has been shaped within the perspective of the History of Education in Work Group 2 (WG 2) of the annual meetings of the National Association of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPED). Papers and posters published in the annual meetings over the last ten years (from 2003 to 2012) are analyzed. The methodology involved the identification and analysis of the research papers and posters published in the proceedings of the meetings. A survey of all papers and posters published in the proceedings of WG 2 was undertaken identifying, through a survey on the last decade, those which involved the theme Teachers´ Formation, coupled to the most investigated periods by the researchers who dealt with this specific theme.

ABSTRACT Objective: Review the studies that investigated coping in soccer. Methods: A systemic search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus. The descriptors related to the terms (Coping skills, Sport and Football) were verified in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database. The inclusion criteria used were: Empirical studies published in journals peer-reviewed scientific papers; b) Studies published from December 2014 to December 2019; c) with at least one quantitative measure; d) Studies with samples of soccer athletes; and e) Articles with specific reference to the topic 'Coping skills'. Results: The results showed that coping skills interact with important variables for good performance in elite soccer, such as competitive level, sports talent, psychopathologies, age group and sex. More specifically, it was noted that the development of some coping strategies, such as facing adversity, trust/motivation and performance under pressure, are potentially common to these variables. Conclusion: It is concluded that the development of some coping strategies is fundamental to the elite athlete, since it is positively associated with the optimal development of most of the variables analyzed in the synthesized studies.

ABSTRACT The present theoretical paper aimed to present pedagogical principles of constructivist-oriented teaching practices in team sports (TS). Specifically, the research sought to situate constructivism as a conceptual perspective to guide the teaching and learning in TS, presenting three general principles and fourteen adjacent principles, their definitions, and possible practical applications. General principles include: (1) facilitating the active construction of knowledge; (2) facilitating meaningful learning (personal relevance); and (3) facilitating social participation (cooperation). The pedagogical principles presented here constitute a matrix to guide empirical research on the teaching of TS in the context of professional training and practice in Physical Education and may aid in the TS's planning and intervention.

This study aimed at investigating the types of writing tasks produced by Saudi EFL learners. It also aimed at exploring the writing challenges encountered by those students. The sample of this study consists of (261) students enrolled in ENG (011). The students were randomly chosen from three different colleges: college of business, college of medicine, and college of engineering. The researcher used a questionnaire with (13) items asking about the challenges faced by the students during writing tasks. The results of this study revealed that the most frequently writing tasks produced by the students were essays for exams, synthesis, and reflection papers. The results also revealed that ‘organizing paragraphs’, ‘using proper connections and transitions’, and ‘inability to keep writing flow’ were the most frequent challenges of writing tasks reported by the students. The present study provided some recommendations and pedagogical implications for policymakers and curriculum designers to take action in an attempt to avoid or lessen these challenges.

The World Health Organization recognizes the medical practices derived from the culture of each country, as Traditional Medicine, but all over the world, there has been no consensus about the denomination of these practices. InBrazil, the Ministry of Health recognizes the use of the following, as Complementary and Integrative Practices (CIP): Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Medicinal Plants/Phytotherapy, Thermal Water/Crenotherapy, Anthroposophic Medicine. Based on the therapies recognized by the Ministry of Health, the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry regulated the use of CIP in oral health: Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Phytotherapy, Laser Therapy, Flower Therapy and Hypnosis. This article presents the results of a systematic review about positive and negative evidence of the use of PIC in oral health. We analyzed 91 papers published between 2000 and 2010. Laser therapy and Phytotherapy were the CIP most tested. Laser therapy studies reported more negative results, while the Phytotherapy studies reported more positive results. Papers on Flower Therapy were not included because we found no RCT about this CIP. We found more positive than negative outcomes for the use of CIP in oral health and analysis of the papers showed that only a few authors reported the clinical outcomes. Due to the holistic perspective of CIP, we believe it is possible to show more consistent results of use of these practices in oral health, provided that a broader view (beyond quantitative parameters) is incorporated from the planning to analysis of studies in this area.

Much has been said about the role of metaphor in constructing the meaning of political discourse. The seminal work of G. Lakoff showed how a particular choice of metaphors allowed political agents to take a stand on important issues and achieve their rhetorical goals. This paper focuses on the identification of the most productive means for semantic configuration of the metaphors used by British and American media given the ideological perspectivization of North-American politics towards recent conflicts in Ukraine. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and conceptual metaphor theory, this paper argues that the metaphorical system offered by Lakoff is insufficient for conceptualizing the US policy regarding the Ukraine conflict, and claims that the choice of cognitive construals is governed by the context in which they are used and by the perspective adopted.

This paper investigates the key elements of ethos, pathos and logos linguistic strategies as some main features of TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Talks, popularizing speeches aiming at Knowledge Dissemination. Through a comparison between the TED Talk ‘HIV - How to fight an epidemic of bad laws’, by Shereen El-Feki (2012a), and another speech held by the same author at the 2012 Symposia The Global Commission on HIV and the Law, addressed to specialists, the paper analyses TED Talks as an innovative tool of popularization, which breaches the typical triangularisation ‘scientist-mediator-audience’, bringing scientists directly into contact with their audiences. Drawing upon Aristotle’s three pillars of rhetoric, the paper analyses the strategies used to establish the ethos of the speech, by proposing a topic as morally worth of spreading; pathos, by creating a direct contact with the public; and logos, investigated through an analysis of the elements used to recontextualise scientific discourses into popularized speeches. The analysis suggests that TED Talks are a recodification, not a mere translation of texts; they are a means to disseminate knowledge reducing the asymmetry between audiences and scientists.

To ensure reliable operation of Power transformer, condition monitoring of transformer becomes obligatory. In this paper, condition assessment of transformer oil under various working conditions is performed using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Test samples include both laboratorial prepared ones and those obtained from in service transformers. An index table of spectral responses for various faults which predominantly occur in the transformer is developed. The index table will acts as a reference for spectral response of faulted transformer oil. In this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the quality of transformer oil using their spectral response characteristics.

This paper presents as a case study a discussion pertaining to a peculiar approach that some US scholars have applied to texts of ancient Greek literature, as a response to a specific reality that for decades has been afflicting American society: the timeless experience of war and its aftermath. It is a type of reading and re-usage of some ancient texts that can be regarded as a case of Classical Reception, which also, and almost inevitably, involves Outreach: it in fact provides a service beyond conventional limits to reach out to particular segments of the community. The analysis will be articulated into two parts: the first one will consist of (i) a theoretical overview of the status of Classical Reception Studies with a survey of a few cases as a sample of ‘how it works’, and (ii) an introduction to the above mentioned approach to classical texts to respond to the reality of modern war, such an approach that turns Classics into an important tool of outreach and therapy. The second part (forthcoming in Acta Scientiarum v.36, n.3) will consist of a detailed discussion of the ‘case study’ in terms of reception, outreach, and therapy, with an attention to the pedagogical discourse, and with a conclusion on a personal note of the author of this paper, based on a related personal experience.

This paper presents the computation of two limits for the nonlinear gain of the error-squared controller considering two procedures and performance analysis so that a closed-loop system with this control algorithm is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense. The first limit for the nonlinear gain is obtained using Lyapunov stability theorem. The second limit for the nonlinear gain is obtained computing a limit for a linear gain and then the procedure is generalized to the nonlinear case. Simulation results were made comparing the tuning methods proposed in this paper, for the error-squared controller, with other tuning conventional methods found in the literature. It shown that the limit computed from second method is more conservative.

This paper analyzes the main economical and technical aspects of the Brazilian Transportation infrastructure, focusing on the roadway cargo transportation sector. It brings information, reflections and technical considerations concerning political, planning and strategic issues, addressing to the future of the sector and also the possibilities of growth. Summarizing, this paper presents, based on authors like Eric Hobsbawn and Amarthya Sen, a contemporaneous overview of the infrastructure of the Brazilian roadway cargo system, considering the impact of the globalization and government policies, resulting from forecasting growth of the logistics and transportation sector inBrazil.

Statistics is a key tool to validate the conclusions of scientific papers. However, errors in using this method, including the use of low power tests and inadequate analysis of the studies are still frequent. This research identified, through a census of 307 articles published between 2000 and 2010 in the Journal Archives of Veterinary Science, that 34% of the papers had made conclusions without statistical support, 34% were supported by statistical methods inadequate to the evaluated database, whereas only 32% have presented conclusions based on statistical methods consistent with the structure of the analyzed data. Furthermore, the percentage of inadequate conclusions may be even higher, of up to 47%, since some of the articles that had not used statistical analysis should have applied some method for the validation of their conclusions. The results presented herein warn against the misuse of statistical methods that compromise the quality and reliability of the conclusions presented in most papers.

Este artigo apresenta os aspectos históricos da organização da escolaridade em ciclos no Brasil e um panorama da situação atual dessa política. A partir do relatório de Condorcet de 1792, evidencia-se que a flexibilização do tempo escolar já estava presente desde o surgimento da escola moderna e que se fazia necessária em virtude das determinações econômicas e de classe social. O artigo indica que tal flexibilização faz-se ainda necessária pelo fato de que o quadro de exclusão e desigualdade social ainda não foi superado. Indica ainda que a validade ou eficiência dessa política está sempre em discussão, uma vez que os resultados e o impacto dessa política variam de um contexto para outro, principalmente em virtude das condições econômicas, sociais, infraestruturais e pedagógicas das redes de ensino que a adotam, bem como das características dos projetos pedagógicos de organização da escolaridade em ciclos que têm sido implementados.This paper presents historical aspects of the organization of schooling in cycles in Brazil along with an overview of the current state of this policy. As shown by Condorcet’s report (1792), there have been attempts towards flexible school duration since the emergence of modern school, and that such flexibility was necessary due to economic and social class issues. This paper indicates that this flexibility is still necessary, because problems related to social inequality and exclusion have not yet been overcome. Furthermore, it indicates that the validity or efficiency of that policy is always under discussion, since the results and impact vary according to the context, especially concerning the economic, social, infrastructural and pedagogical conditions of the teaching networks that adopt it, as well as on account of the characteristics of pedagogical projects that have been implemented, intending to organize the schooling in cycles.

Neste trabalho, buscamos realizar uma proposta de intervenção para a 8ª série, a partir do gênero artigo de opinião, com ênfase na análise linguística. Para tanto, temos como objetivo refletir sobre as marcas linguístico-enunciativas presentes no gênero artigo de opinião, a fim de contribuir para o ensino e a aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa. Dessa forma, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativo-interpretativa, de natureza aplicada, em que escolhemos um texto do gênero artigo de opinião, analisamos suas marcas linguísticoenunciativas e elaboramos uma sequência didática direcionada à oitava série. O trabalho estávinculado ao Projeto de Pesquisa “Diagnóstico do trabalho com os gêneros discursivos na escola” (UFPA – Processo: 022581/2010) e aos grupos de pesquisa “Interação e escrita” (UEM-CNPq – www.escrita.uem.br) e “Diversidade linguística e ensino de língua naAmazônia Paraense” (UFPA-CNPq) e tem como base teórica a perspectiva de Bakhtin (2003) e de pesquisadores que seguem essa vertente. Os resultados demonstram que o gênero em tela propicia um trabalho muito produtivo para o ensino e a aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa, já que o texto salienta os recursos linguísticos mobilizados pelo articulista para defender sua tese.In this paper we propose to carry out an intervention proposal for the 8th grade, from the view of the genre opinion article, with an emphasis on linguistic analysis. Thus, this work aims at reflecting on the linguistic-enunciative marks present in the genre opinion article, in order to contribute to the teaching and learning of thePortuguese Language. This way, we have applied a qualitative and interpretative research, in which we have chosen a text of the genre article of opinion to analyze its linguisticenunciative brands and we have devised a didactic sequence directed to the eighth grade. The paper is linked to the Research Project “Diagnosis of the work with the discursive genres in the school” (UFPA-Process: 022581/2010) and the research groups’ Interaction and writing” (UEM-CNPq-www.escrita.uem.br ). It is also part of the “Linguistic diversity and teaching of language in the Amazon Paraense” (UFPA-CNPq). It is based on the theoretical perspective of Bakhtin (2003) and researchers who follow this strand. The results show that this kind of genre provides a very productive work for the teaching and learning of the Portuguese Language, since the text stresses the linguistic resources mobilized by reporter to defend his thesis.

O texto visa apresentar possibilidades de uso da Filosofia da Linguagem de Bakhtin na análise de documentos, na pesquisa em história da psicologia e em outros campos. Observa-se que as proposições bakhtinianas não devem ser utilizadas como um conjunto de regras fixas e imutáveis a serem aplicadas a um objeto visando encontrar seu enunciado, visto que sua proposta envolve indeterminação, duplicação e ambiguidade. Assim, em cada investigação o caminho e o objeto devem ser construídos. O texto apresenta, de forma concisa, não só as idéias centrais da Filosofia da Linguagem, mas também as questões de autoria, temas e formas discursivas, bem como os riscos das formas de tematização estática e/ou deslocada.El texto tiene como objetivo presentar posibilidades del uso de la Filosofia del Lenguaje de Bakhtin para el análisis de documentos en la investigación de la historia de la psicología y otros campos. Se senãla que las proposiciones bakhtinianas no deben ser utilizadas como un conjunto de reglas fijas e inmutables, para ser aplicado a un objeto esperando mostrar su contenido, porque ella se presenta como una propuesta que envuelve indeterminación, duplicación y ambiguedad. Así para cada investigación el camino y el objeto deben ser construidos. El texto presenta, de forma concisa, no solo las ideas centrales de la Filosofia del Lenguaje sino también las interrogantes de autoría, temas y formas discursivas, así como los riesgos de formas de tematización estática y/o traspuestas.The paper aims to provide possible uses of Bakhtin's Philosophy of Language in the document analysis, in the investigation of the history of psychology and other fields. Insofar as bakhtinian’s proposals involves indetermination, duplication and ambiguity, it is remarked his propositions should not be conceived as fixed and permanent rules to be applied to a subject as a way to reveal it. Therefore the method and subject should be created each and every investigation. This paper shows concisely the main proposals of his philosophy of language, the problems of authorship, themes, discursive genres and the risks of static and/or displaced analysis of the themes.

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o alcance do conceito de Nome-do-Pai atualmente. No primeiro ensino de Lacan tal conceito era considerado o pilar fundamental do diagnóstico, pois sua presença ou ausência eram decisivas para estabelecer a diferença estrutural entre neurose e psicose, porém hoje em dia o Nome-do-Pai vem sofrendo ataques a partir de três vertentes - a teórica, a clínica e a sociológica - gerando no movimento analítico dúvidas quanto a sua validade e colocando em xeque a relevância da distinção estrutural. As três fontes que colocariam o conceito sob suspeita seriam: o último ensino de Lacan, que pluralizou os Nomes-do-Pai; a emergência dos novos sintomas, que desafiam um diagnóstico estrutural preciso; e a decadência das figuras de autoridade no mundo social. O artigo busca responder a algumas dessas críticas, defendendo a importância do conceito de Nome-do-Pai, embora restrinja seu domínio de validade.El objetivo de este artículo es discutir el alcance del concepto de Nombre-del-padre actualmente. En la primera enseñanza de Lacan este concepto era considerado el pilar fundamental del diagnóstico, ya que su presencia o ausencia eran decisivas para establecer la diferencia estructural entre neurosis y psicosis. Sin embargo, hoy en día el Nombre-del-padre ha sufrido ataques desde tres vertientes (teórica, clínica y sociológica), generando en el movimiento analítico dudas en cuanto a su validez y poniendo en jaque la relevancia de la distinción estructural. Las tres fuentes poniendo el concepto bajo sospecha serían: la última enseñanza de Lacan, que pluralizó los nombres-del-padre; la emergencia de los nuevos síntomas, los cuales desafían un diagnóstico estructural preciso; y la decadencia de las figuras de autoridad en el mundo social. El artículo busca contestar a algunas de esas críticas, en defensa de la importancia del concepto de Nombre-de-padre, aunque limitando su dominio de validez.The aim of this paper is the discussion about the amplitude of Name-of-the-Father concept nowadays. Within the first Lacan's teaching, the concept was taken as fundamental condition for diagnose, therefore its presence was decisive to establish structural difference between neurosis and psychosis. Although, presently Name-of-the-Father has been criticized mainly through three sources (theoretician, clinic and sociological), undermining the concept's validity among the analytic movement and thus opposing the relevancy of structural distinction. The three sources threatening the concept are: the last Lacan's teaching that pluralized the Name-of-the-Father; the appearing of new symptoms, which are challenging an accurate structural diagnose; and authority figures' decay into the social world. The paper seeks answers to some of these points, defending the Name-of-the-Father importance, even though restricting its realm validity.

O presente artigo pretende discutir, a partir de uma perspectiva heideggeriana, a hipótese contra-foucauldiana de uma metafísica presente no discurso imanentista da arqueogenealogia. Para tanto, constrói um breve itinerário daquilo que se considera o “romantismo foucauldiano”: aponta, primeiramente, a crítica derridiana de umacategorização transcendental do objeto loucura e faz uma contraposição entre esta e as considerações de loucura como ausência de obra; faz um breve recorte dos debates da literaridade e seu abandono, seguindo a retomada do discurso da enkrateia; finalmente, traça um paralelo entre os apontamentos iniciais da arqueologia e a problemática da subjetivação presente nos últimos cursos, centrados no conceito de parrêsia. O fundamental, portanto, é fazer notar uma relação permanente com a metafísica heideggeriana, tanto no que se refere ao projeto de destruição quanto na exigência de um questionamento que transcenda os limites da imanência.Departing from a Heideggerian standpoint, the present article aims at discussing the contra-Foucauldian hypothesis of a metaphysics present in the immanentist discourse of archaeogenealogy. With a view toachieving the goal proposed, the paper builds a brief itinerary of what is considered “Foucauldian romanticism”. Initially, it draws on the Derridian critique of a transcendental categorization of ‘madness’ and opposes it to accounts of madness as absence of labor.Then, the paper offers a brief account of debates on literalness and their abandoning, following the renewed take-over of the enkrateia discourse. Finally, based on the concept of parrêsia, the article establishes some comparisons between the initial findings of archaeology and the issue of subjectivization present in the last courses. Thus, what is fundamental is to render noticeable a permanent relationship with Heideggerian metaphysics, in whatconcerns both the destruction project and the requirement for questioning that transcends the borders of immanence.

O presente artigo fez um levantamento das conjunções condicionais doportuguês. Verifica-se que, embora os estudos sobre as orações condicionais centrem seu foco de interesse na oração condicional iniciada pela conjunção “se”, o português conta com uma variada gama de conjunções e locuções que atuam na expressão do sentido condicional. O estudo mostra que as conjunções condicionais podem expressar diferentes sentidos, subdividindo-se em três grupos: restritivas positivas, restritivas negativas, hipotéticas. Considerando-se os sentidos expressos pelas conjunções, procurou-se investigar se a conjunção tem alguma influência sobre a oração condicional que ela introduz. Para tanto, considerou-se a tipologia dos modificadores oracionais, tal qual a teoria da GramáticaDiscursivo Funcional propõe. O que se verificou é que o sentido expresso pela conjunção não opera sobre a configuração formal da conjunção.This paper aims at providing an account for conditional marking on Brazilian Portuguese. The studied carried out here shows that there are a wide group of conditional conjunctions, though the amount of papers focus on the conjunction “se” ‘if’ only. As it is shown here, on Brazilian Portuguese conditional conjunctions can be of three types, expressing different senses here called positive restrictive, negative restrictive and hypothetic. Thus, conditional clauses wereanalyzed to verify whether the different senses can bring any influence over the clause construction. In order to do that, this paper analyzed conditionals clauses in the terms of the modifier typology put forward by Functional Discourse Grammar. As a result, we found out that the sense cannot make any influence over the clause.

No presente artigo pretendemos recuperar aspectos psicopolíticos da luta pela terra empreendida pelo MST no Pontal do Paranapanema - SP, conhecida região de conflitos fundiários. Este trabalho resulta de uma ampla revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema feita com o intuito de compreender os processos de construção deste movimento social e de resgatar mais do que os fatos históricos vividos por ele. Resgatar essa história contribui para a construção de uma memória coletiva destes homens e mulheres incógnitos; fazê-lo é conceder-lhes voz, visibilidade, é reconhecê-los e reconhecê-las como sujeitos políticos, mesmo que aqui apenas o façamos de maneira indireta a partir de nossos estudos e de outros que contribuíram para visibilizar a luta travada no campo nessa região paulista.En el presente artículo, pretendemos recuperar aspectos psicopolíticos de la lucha del MST por la tierra en la región del Pontal do Paranapanema - SP - Brasil. Esa es una conocida región de conflictos rurales en el Estado de São Paulo. Este trabajo resulta de una amplia revisión bibliográfica acerca del tema con el intuito de comprender los procesos de construcción de este movimiento social y de rescatar los fatos históricos vividos por él y contribuir para que también pues recatar a memoria colectiva de estos hombres y mujeres incógnitos/as; hacerlo es reconocerles como sujetos políticos, aunque de modo indirecto y partiendo de nuestros trabajos y de otros que contribuyen para visibilizar la lucha trabada en el Campo paulista.This paper unveils the political psychology of the shapping of a collective memory in the MST - Brazil's Landless Workers' Movement in the western corner of the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil, a region named Pontal do Paranapanema, known for its conflicts between landlords/large estate owners and landless rural workers. The paper results from an extensive review on the subject and highlights the underlying dinamics in the process of shapping/building the Movement. Not only does the paper/article tell one this history, but also enhances the voice of those men and women, so as to identify them as relevant political actors.

This paper deals with an analytical model of a rigid rotor supported by hydrodynamic journal bearings where the plane separation technique together with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the location and magnitude of the correction masses for balancing the rotor bearing system. The rotating system is modeled by applying the rigid shaft Stodola-Green model, in which the shaft gyroscopic moments and rotatory inertia are accounted for, in conjunction with the hydrodynamic cylindrical journal bearing model based on the classical Reynolds equation. A linearized perturbation procedure is employed to render the lubrication equations from the Reynolds equation, which allows predicting the eight linear force coefficients associated with the bearing direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients. The results show that the methodology presented is efficient for balancing rotor systems. This paper gives a step further in the monitoring process, since Artificial Neural Network is normally used to predict, not to correct the mass unbalance. The procedure presented can be used in turbo machinery industry to balance rotating machinery that require continuous inspections. Some simulated results will be used in order to clarify the methodology presented.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar o uso dos recursos visuais no ensino-aprendizagem de vocabulário em língua estrangeira. Baseado em Kress e Van Leeuwen (1996), Callow (1999) e Oliveira (2006), discute-se a relação dos recursos visuais com o aprendizado de vocabulário e reflete-se sobre a necessidade de capacitar os alunos a explorar de forma consciente e crítica tais recursos, visando uma melhor compreensão dos significados e usos das palavras. O trabalho tem como objeto de análise os exercícios de vocabulário presentes nos livros didáticos contemporâneos de inglês como línguaestrangeira. Os resultados apontam que a seleção e a exploração dos recursos visuais nos livros didáticos raramente contribuem para um aprendizado mais significativo do vocabulário, bem como raramente contemplam a interação entre os recursos visuais e verbais, o que pode fornecer, ao aluno, um apoio importante na construção doconhecimento lexical.This paper aims at investigating the usage of visual resources invocabulary teaching and learning in a foreign language. Based on Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996), Callow (1999) and Oliveira (2006), it discusses the relation between the visual resources and vocabulary learning as well as reflects on the necessity of making the studentscapable of exploring such resources consciously and critically, aiming at a better comprehension of the meanings and usages of the words. This paper analyses vocabulary exercises of current English as foreign language textbooks. The results indicate that the selection and exploration of the visual resources in the textbooks rarely contribute to a more meaningful vocabulary learning, or contemplate the interaction between the visual and verbal resources, what could provide the student with important support in the lexical knowledge construction.

This paper deals with an analytical model of a rigid rotor supported by hydrodynamic journal bearings where the plane separation technique together with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the location and magnitude of the correction masses for balancing the rotor bearing system. The rotating system is modeled by applying the rigid shaft Stodola-Green model, in which the shaft gyroscopic moments and rotatory inertia are accountedfor, in conjunction with the hydrodynamic cylindrical journal bearing model based on theclassical Reynolds equation. A linearized perturbation procedure is employed to render the lubrication equations from the Reynolds equation, which allows predicting the eight linear forcecoefficients associated with the bearing direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients. The results show that the methodology presented is efficient for balancing rotorsystems. This paper gives a step further in the monitoring process, since Artificial Neural Network is normally used to predict, not to correct the mass unbalance. The procedure presentedcan be used in turbo machinery industry to balance rotating machinery that require continuous inspections. Some simulated results will be used in order to clarify the methodology presented.Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de empregara técnica de balanceamento de separação de planos juntamente com Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) para a predição da localização e massas de correção para o balanceamento de um sistema rotor-mancal, para tal, foi empregado um modelo analítico consitituído por um rotor rígido apoiado em mancais hidrodinâmicos. O sistema rotativo foi modelado com base no modelo de eixo rígidos de Stodola-Green, no qual foram considerados o efeito girocópico e a inércia rotatória, além de um modelo de mancal hidrodinâmico cilíndrico baseado nas equações deReynolds que permitiu a determinação de oito coeficientes lineares de força associados com os coeficientes de rigidez e amortecimento diretos e cruzados do mancal. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia apresentada foi eficiente para o balanceamento de rotores. Este trabalho fornece grande contribuição para o processo de monitoramento, uma vez que Redes Neurais Artificiais normalmente são empregadas para identificação, e não para a correção dodesbalanceamento. O procedimento apresentado pode ser empregado no balanceamento de turbomáquinas industriais, as quais necessitam de contínuas avaliações. Resultados simulados são apresentados com o objetivo de ilustrar metodologia de balanceamento proposta.