Search

Copyright of Advances in Biochemistry / Postepy Biochemii is the property of Polish Biochemical Society / Acta Biochimica Polonica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and refractory inflammatory skin disease characterized by relapsing eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. Understanding the specific gene expression patterns associated with AD is crucial for advancing diagnosis and targeted treatment development. Using bioinformatics methods, candidate genes and biological pathways involved in AD pathogenesis were identified based on gene expression profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive analysis of four pooled transcriptomic datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were conducted. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the GEO2R. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lesion skin of AD patients and normal skin of individuals were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to explore the functional roles of these genes. Results: Among the patient-level gene expression datasets, we identified 133 shared DEGs, consisting of 48 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. GO analyses revealed these DEGs to be significantly enriched in biological processes including inflammatory responses, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. These DEGs were also enriched in the KEGG pathway, including viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and Adipocytokine signaling pathway. Conclusion: By comparing with other studies using the same method, we found that in addition to the already confirmed pathways such as inflammatory response, different studies have found changes in different hub genes and metabolic pathways, which prompts us to develop individualized treatments for AD.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common childhood dermatological diseases. Its characteristic clinical feature is intractable pruritus, which causes an urge to scratch the skin, and the occurrence of skin lesions which are typical in their morphology and location. It is characterised by its chronicity, difficulty of treatment and numerous psychosocial consequences which affect not only the patient, but also all family members. The child’s severe pruritus and visible skin lesions result in sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, difficulties in intra- and extra-familial relationships or problems in the family’s financial situation. The effectiveness of treatment provided is highly dependent on the parents’ commitment, knowledge and skills, as well as their mental condition. Caring for a child with AD is demanding and disrupts many aspects concerning the quality of family life. This article addresses the impact of AD on child and family functioning and the burden of the disease.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease which can significantly affect quality of life of patients. Especially severe forms of this disease are challenging to treat and for a long time forms of treatment have been limited. Because of that- it is crucial to find new ways of treatment which can be registered and impove moderate and severe dermatitis. Aim of study: Fundament purpose of this literature review is focusing on effectiveness, safety, side effects or different potential medical applications of Dupilumab. The main question, which is formulated in the title- is Dupilumab a chance for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis? State of knowledge: Nowadays Dupilumab is well known drug and a lot of trials and analysis focus on efficacy, safety in treatment of moderate and severe dermatitis. The development of Dupilumab and different potential, clinical applications is also a chance for other groups of patients- for example patients with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic esophagitis, prurigo nodularis. Conclusion: Dupilumab is definitely a relevant and essential element of treatment therapy for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. There were many analysis and researches which confirmed effectiveness, safety level and described Dupilumab impact on many different parameteres and scales focused on symptoms and life quality of patients during treatment with Dupilumab.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with recurrent exacerbations, persistent itching, erythema, dry skin due to damage to the epidermal barrier, and staphylococcal infections. The causative factors are mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin, dysregulation of the immune system, changes in the skin microbiome and lipids in the stratum corneum and deficiency of antimicrobial peptides AMPs. The disease mainly affects children, causing a significant deterioration in the quality of life, and its first symptoms occur in approximately 90% before the age of 5. Lesions most often appear on the bends of elbows and knees, on the face and neck, but may also affect the skin of the entire body (erythroderma). The location of the eruptions depends on age. Atopic dermatitis is the result of complex genetic, epigenetic, environmental and immunological interactions with a coexisting epidermal barrier defect. The disease is diagnosed based on the Hanifin and Rajka criteria. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is symptomatic and selected individually. They include the elimination of provoking factors, care of the epidermal barrier, and anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic therapy.

Introduction and purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is chronic inflammatory skin disorder. It typically begins in infancy or childhood and might persist into adulthood. AD is characterized by dry, itchy, eczematous skin. The lesions can vary in intensification from mild to severe according to patient age or body region. AD requires ongoing management to control the symptoms. Skin manifestations along with the demand of treatment and care regimens significantly impact quality of life (QOL) in patients with AD. Individuals suffering from this condition are more prone to developing mental health disorders, which are often linked to emotional stress they experience. Exposure to stress exacerbates AD and stimulates skin changes, which in turn leads to intensification of treatment regimens. This cause-and-effect chain can be considered as a vicious circle mechanism. The aim of the review is to highlight the phenomenon by examining current literature on this topic in order to raise the awareness of healthcare professionals regarding this subject as well as implement appropriate and complete support for patients struggling with AD. A brief description of the state of knowledge: The pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial. Numerous studies explore the impact of stress on the deterioration of AD symptoms and delve into its pathogenic concepts. Simultaneously, researchers highlight increased psychological distress in AD patients, which surpass that observed in many other chronic conditions. Summary: Psychological factors play a significant role in AD. It demands considering mental health screening and support as a part of clinical practice, treating AD patients. Further research is necessary to provide efficient and comprehensive interventions.

Introduction and purpose. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects many children and adults around the world. It has been also empirically known that some environmental factors such as exposure to the sun can be beneficial for patients with AD. The purpose of this literature review is to present positive impact, as well as challenges and risks of heliotherapy and phototherapy on patients suffering from AD. Material and methods. The article is a review of publications obtained from the PubMed database and published between 2017-2023. Based on the keywords "phototherapy" "heliotherapy"and "atopic dermatitis", 14 articles were selected. Finally, 1 meta-analysis and 3 observational studies were included in the rewiev. Brief description of the state of knowledge. People with AD have a compromised skin barrier, which favors infiltration by activated Th2 cells, and their cytokine, causing thickening of the skin. It makes management of AD challenging. It is known that most patients’ skin condition improves due to sun exposure. This is why an artificial UV radiation (UVR) is employed for the treatment. The idea is to administrate a non-ionizing radiation to the skin. Both sunlight and artificial light have a significant immunosuppressive effect on the skin. Summary. Phototherapy as well as heliotherapy improved skin condition of people suffering from AD. It was appreciable by the end of few weeks of studies and also afer 3 months, reflected by improvement in PO-SCORAD, VAS and DLQI scales. During some of the studies there have been incidents of side-effects. More research is necessary to define a long-term effect of this kind of treatment and the role of chronic and prolonged therapy of AD.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or recurrent inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 30% of the world's population. Many factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, including the external environment, genetic predisposition, and the skin microbiome. Pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis depending on the skin microbiota result primarily from the defect of the skin barrier and dysregulation of its microbiological composition, which in turn leads to significant dysfunction of the immune system and the occurrence of characteristic skin lesions. More and more studies indicate a close correlation between the microbiological composition of the skin and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, suggesting a significant participation of, among others, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter, Cutibacterium and Malessezia spp. changes in the skin microbiome of AD patients, correlations between microorganisms and the reactions of the human immune system and their impact on the presence of atopic skin lesions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody against the a subunit of the receptor for interleukin 4 and interleukin 13. It is the first biological drug registered in the world for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab turned out to be a milestone in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and an alternative to standard immunosuppressive drugs. In numerous multicenter studies, including real-life studies, it has been proven that dupilumab brings a significant improvement in subjective and objective clinical symptoms in atopic dermatitis. Conjunctivitis is one of the side effects of dupilumab treatment. It is estimated that it affects about 14% of patients with atopic dermatitis. The mechanisms leading to it are not yet fully understood.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in most Gram-negative bacteria and induces innate responses by binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). LPS isolated from Pantoea agglomerans species is an interesting issue. On the one hand, it is a risk factor for diseases such as wounds, abscess, bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and peritonitis. On the other, its health-promoting properties in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoporosis are increasingly observed. Studies in humans and animal models show that LPS from P. agglomerans may have beneficial effects in the treatment of certain diseases. A huge challenge today is the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and hard-to-heal wounds. Reports show that LPS from P. agglomerans may be useful in the treatment of skin diseases through its effects on the immune response. Studies show that LPS acts on Langerhans cells and leads to suppression of the allergic response.

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing disease with a multifactoral etiology. The basic disorder of the atopic dermatitis is the disruption of the epidermal barrier. The family history of atopy is a high risk factor of the development of the disease. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and vary depending on patient’s age, disease duration and current disease activity according to the SCORAD scale. Objective: The aim of the review is to analyze the latest information on the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis, including new biological medications. Methods and materials: The sources available in PubMed database have been analyzed using the keywords: „atopic dermatitis”, „epidermal barrier”, „SCORAD index”, „topical treatment”, „biological therapy”, „Janus kinase inhibitors”. Current state of knowledge: Atopic dermatitis is only treated symptomatically. The greatest therapeutic challenge is to reduce the pruritus which significantly impairs the quality of life. Topical corticosteroids may cause local side effects. The most severe cases of the disease require systemic treatment with immunosuppressants. Conclusions: The complex pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is the object of research. Understanding the immunological mechanisms responsible for the development of the disease allows to introduce new therapeutic options. Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of biological medications in reducing disease activity, which is a chance to improve the quality of live of the patients suffering from atopic dermatitis.

The article discusses the phenomenon of allergic march, which is a progressive process of atopic disease development in allergic patients. The inflammatory process changes localization, causing various symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis and eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergic march has a major impact on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The diversity of allergic march trajectories is due to the interaction of genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to prevent effectively the progression of allergic diseases. The article also discusses the advantages of sublingual immunotherapy (SILT) in the treatment of allergic diseases. SILT shows safety profile and may be more acceptable treatment option for the patients comparing to the traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). There are evidence of the beneficial effects of SILT in reducing allergy symptoms and improving quality of life in allergic patients.

Copyright of Forum Dermatologicum is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are two dermatoses associated with eczema and pruritus, accompanied by hypersensitivity reactions. However, the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is different, therefore also their diagnostic and therapeutic procedures vary. Atopic dermatitis, a skin-epidermal barrier defective disorder, is a more characteristic for children, although it also occurs in a small percentage of adults. Contact allergy, in which epidermal patch tests are the diagnostic tool, is diagnosed in children and in as many as 20% of adults. Atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis may coexist in the same patient. Etiologically different types of hand eczema often coexist. In addition, contact allergy may relate to substances used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, such as emollients or, less frequently, antiseptics and glucocorticosteroids. For this reason, epidermal patch tests may be useful in this group of patients.

Introduction Probiotics are defined as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host" by the World Health Organization (WHO). Probiotics help to regulate innate and adaptive host immune responses by combating aggressive commensal bacteria and improving epithelial barrier function. Probiotics have shown positive results in the treatment of various inflammatory skin conditions. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to investigate the potential efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of dermatological diseases, such as acne vulgaris; atopic dermatitis; psoriasis. Materials and methods A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: probiotics; dermatology; acne vulgaris; eczema; atopic dermatitis; psoriasis. Results Probiotics reduced the amount of inflammatory acne lesions and the erythema index in acne vulgaris patients. Patients with atopic dermatitis who received probiotics also experienced an immediate and long-lasting improvement in their symptoms and skin quality. Individuals noticed enhanced skin smoothness and moisture, self-acceptance, and a decrease in the SCORAD index. It was also proven that oral probiotic supplementation successfully reduced psoriasis symptoms by lowering plasma levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP. Furthermore, the chance of psoriasis recurrence was reduced. Conclusion The reviewed literature indicates that probiotics may be helpful in treating skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris. Probiotics demonstrated encouraging results in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions by altering the immune response as a result of modifying the gut microbiome.

Introduction The globe is currently experiencing a new pandemic due to the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 strain of the human coronavirus. The virus infects people and causes COVID-19, a lung condition that can be fatal in susceptible people and is characterized by fever, pneumonia, and shortness of breath. The prevalence of hand eczema among healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 units has grown, and it has been linked to increased hand sanitation habits. Aim of the study The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of hand eczema as a consequence of more intensive hand hygiene among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: hand eczema; hand dermatitis; atopic dermatitis; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2. Results Healthcare workers developed hand eczema more frequently in COVID-19 outbreak. The risk of hand eczema was raised by frequent use of hand hygiene products, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, wearing gloves, previous atopic dermatitis history and female sex gender. Due to excessive hand hygiene the natural skin barrier function was impaired, leading to hand eczema. The use of preventive skincare products can lower the risk of hand eczema development. Conclusion Findings demonstrated positive correlation between hand eczema prevalence among healthcare professionals and COVID-19 pandemic. Hand washing and the use of disinfectants disrupt the natural skin barrier function, leading to allergic and irritating hand eczema. In order to continue practicing hand hygiene during the continuing pandemic, proper prevention strategies and education should be implemented.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by damaged epidermal barrier, skin dysbiosis and pruritus. It affects up to 20% of the population of developed countries. AD represents a heterogeneous condition belonging to the spectrum of atopic diseases. It occurs in the form of multiple phenotypes with varied pathogenesis requiring different therapeutic strategies. Aim of the study: To summarize the current state of knowledge on AD phenotypes and related therapeutic options. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in PudMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The following keywords were used: "atopic dermatitis", "atopic dermatitis phenotypes", "atopic dermatitis current treatment". Results: There are many phenotypes of AD. However, due to the lack of a consistent classification system, identifying phenotypes is greatly hindered. It is possible to use the division of phenotypes into groups based on age, lesion topography, lesion morphology and patient ethnicity. Various drugs are available for the treatment of AD, but therapeutic strategies for specific phenotypes are sparse and insufficiently understood due to the problem of identifying phenotypes and the complexity of the endotypes behind them. Treatment of AD is not currently based on phenotype-specific targeted therapy. Conclusion: Development of personalized therapy for the treatment of AD requires additional research using uniform definitions of phenotypes and endotypes. It is necessary to create a classification system for AD phenotypes.

Dupilumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 class. Its mechanism of action can most broadly be described as inhibition of interleukin 4 and 13-mediated signal transduction. These cytokines are the main drivers of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Currently, dupilumab is the subject of many studies and scientific articles. More and more papers are being written about the efficacy of this drug and the side effects. Based on publications from the PubMed database, we present selected cases of atopic dermatitis patients who experienced uncharacteristic and unclear hair-related changes, such as hair loss, growth and change in hair colour, after dupilumab administration.

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and objective Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly reduces the quality of life of the affecte patients. The disease is characterized by the occurrence of eczema, increased pruritus and lichenization. Diagnosis is based on the diagnostic criteria of Hanifin and Rajka, which take into account the clinical picture of the disease. Atopic dermatitis often co-occurs with sleep and mood disorders. Recently, there have been scientific studies to clarify the association of atopic dermatitis with the level of zinc in the body. This review resents the importance of zinc in the proper functioning of human skin and its possible links to the pathogenesis and clinical advancement of atopic dermatitis. Review methods Articles from PubMed, Scopus and article references from 1990–2020 were analyzed. Articles were selected on the topic of zinc supplementation in patients with atopic dermatitis and articles on the level of zinc in the serum, erythrocytes and hair in patients with atopic dermatitis. Brief description of the state of knowledge The review refers to scientific studies conducted on animals, in which the effect of a low supply of zinc on the course of the disease was determined. The review also refers to clinical trials determining the effect of zinc supplementation on the course of atopic dermatitis in patients, and describes the relationship between zinc levels in serum, hair and erythrocytes, and the severity of the disease. Conclusions The review indicates that zinc may have a significant impact on the course of inflammatory dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis. It is worth exploring this topic and conducting larger clinical trials because the results of currently available scientific research are promising.

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common chronic and recurrent skin conditions, characterized by a complex genetic background, most commonly occurring in children. Its prevalence is still increasing. Despite existing methods of therapy (emollients, wet-wrap treatment, topical glucocorticoids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, antiseptics, antibiotics, phototherapy, elimination of irritants, patient education), the number of available topical preparations for the treatment of this chronic disease is limited. Topical glucocorticoids are the mainstay of the treatment of inflammatory changes. Calcineurin inhibitors should not be used under the age of two, and in the remaining patients, topical calcineurin inhibitors constitute the second-line therapy. Glucocorticoids can only be used for a strictly defined period of time and become gradually less effective during a long-term treatment (tachyphylaxis). Introduction of new, safe, topical preparations for the treatment of this chronic disease is imperative.

Vitamin D is an important substance that has a pleiotropic range of action in the human body. Its important role is to influence the cells of the immune system and regulate the body's inflammatory response. Many physiological processes at the immune level have been discovered to prove this. Vitamin D deficiency is common and results mainly from limited sun exposure at certain latitudes or from insufficient dietary supply. This likely increases the risk of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Numerous evidence shows that also in skin diseases such as AD or psoriasis, the level of calcitriol is of great importance, and its supplementation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases promotes frequent remissions and improves the clinical condition of patients. Therapy with high doses of vitamin D analogues can be effective and safe. The exact knowledge of the properties of this vitamin probably allows for its real and effective use in the treatment of skin diseases. However, numerous large-scale studies are still needed to more accurately determine the dosage, effects of this therapy and to use this preparation with certainty and the highest possible effectiveness in everyday medical practice.

Copyright of Forum Dermatologicum is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The basis for development of atopic dermatitis are genetic, immunological and microbiological abnormalities as well as epidermal barrier defects. The course of the disease includes periodic exacerbations and remissions. Its development and course are influenced by numerous environmental and individual factors. In recent decades, in industrialized countries, a threefold increase in the incidence of atopic dermatitis was observed. There also is an increasing number of cases resistant to topical treatment. Effective treatment of atopic dermatitis should provide control of clinical symptoms, prevent exacerbations and improve the quality of life of patients. The multifactorial etiopathogenesis and various endotypes and phenotypes of the disease justify the tendency to optimize and personalize the therapy. Currently, we recommend the use of dupilumab for the treatment of patients from 12 years of age with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis, who do not respond to topical treatment.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory condition of the skin. It can coexist with other atopy-related disorders, e.g. bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis or food allergy. Beacuse of its chronic course and concomitance of pruritus, atopic dermatitis considerably decreases the quality of life of patients and their family members. Management of atopic dermatitis mainly involves appropriate skin care and daily application of emollients, combined with topical anti-inflammatory treatment. It is essential to initiate systemic immunosuppressive therapy in moderate or severe atopic dermatitis. The aim of the study is to present current therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis in adults, with particular consideration given to the approved biological treatment. Dupilumab was included in the management algorithm as the first-line treatment in moderate or severe atopic dermatitis, unresponsive to topical therapy and in cases in which systemic treatment is contraindicated.

The treatment goal in atopic dermatitis is eliminating clinical symptoms of the disease, preventing exacerbations and complications, as well as improving patients’ quality of life. In cases of severe atopic dermatitis and lack of response it is recommended to introduce systemic therapy. Patients ofter require multi-specialist consultations, and occasionally hospitalization. It is not recommended to use acupuncture, acupressure, bioresonance, homeopathy, or Chinese herbs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Primary acute glomerulonephritis is a disease of the glomeruli with a sudden onset. It is caused by the presence of immune complexes following group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus infection. This is usually due to a streptococcus infection of the throat or, less commonly, of the skin. The main signs of the disease include oedema, hypertension and erythrocyturia. Systemic symptoms can also develop such as malaise, nausea and vomiting. In a severe form of the disease, transudation of fluid to body cavities occurs and renal failure develops requiring dialysis therapy. In this paper, we present an atypical case of a 9-year-old patient with acute glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial superinfection of eczema herpeticum.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with concomitant intensive pruritus, and is diagnosed both in children and adults. Atopic dermatitis -patients are predisposed to have bacterial, viral and fungal skin infections; they also suffer from an increased risk of developing food allergies (especially, at an infantile age), allergic rhinitis, or bronchial asthma (a so-called atopic march). Currently, an increasing atopic dermatitis incidence constitutes a serious medical problem that regards not only dermatology and allergology, but also paediatrics, and family medicine. The basis for atopic dermatitis treatment and prophylaxis is restoration of epidermal barrier functions by means of tailored emollients. Atopic dermatitis therapies should effectively eliminate clinical symptoms of the disease, prevent exacerbations as well as complications, and improve patients’ quality of life.

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Edukacja, Terapia, Opieka is the property of PWSTE Jaroslaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The medical case described below is a challenge for doctors of many specialties. A young woman suffering from an oncological disease, a severe form of atopic dermatitis, a multi-serious allergy and, additionally, bronchial asthma is a patient who requires careful medical, nursing and psychological care. The variable picture of the disease basically excluded the patient from everyday, normal functioning. In-depth allergological diagnostics allowed for introducing safe products into the patient's diet and avoiding severe anaphylactic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of General Practitioner / Lekarz POZ is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

TSLP, IL-25 and IL-33 are epithelial cytokines and are triggered by, inter alia, damaging factors, viral infections, allergic inflammation and proteases. These cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis, by activating the Th 2 dependent immune response. The role of TSLP and IL-33 in the etiopathogenesis of allergic march is suggested. Finding the relationship between cytokines and the natural history of chronic allergic diseases gives hope for a breakthrough in the assessment of prognosis and possibly the possibility of using new biological drugs in specific disease entities. This publication presents current knowledge about the effect of these cytokines on the course of allergic diseases. Their role as potential biological treatment targets was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nummular eczema (eczema nummulare) is a chronic, recurrent idiopathic dermatitis. Its name is derived from specific papular and vesicular lesions which merge into coin-shaped patches. These eruptions, which cause heavy pruritus, are usually confined to the lower extremities and the torso. The disease primarily affects elderly individuals. Despite numerous studies, the aetiology of this condition remains unknown. The suspected predisposing factors include chronic stress, excessive dryness of the skin and infections. Severe drug-induced forms of the disease are also known. Differential diagnosis of nummular eczema should include, alongside atopic dermatitis: fungal infection, drug-induced rash and psoriasis. Topical treatment, which focuses on the reconstruction of the protective layer of the skin, limiting inflammation and combating bacterial superinfection, involves the use of glucocorticosteroids and emollients as first-line therapy. If first-line treatment proves ineffective, immunomodulatory drugs are recommended. Secondary superinfection of the lesions with Staphylococcus aureus is a fairly common complication. In such a case both topical and systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated. This paper discusses the case of nummular eczema with Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in a 3.5-year-old boy hospitalised at the Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology of the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland.

The number of people suffering from atopic dermatitis is increasing every year. This disease has a complex etiology, and one of the factors intensifying its symptoms is food hypersensitivity. There are many studies indicating the contribution of food allergies to exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. However, the more accurate role of food allergy in this process leaves much to be explained. It is interesting that there are scientific reports showing a significant improvement in the skin condition of patients with AD after eliminating allergenic foods from their diet. The aim of the work is to collect and systematize knowledge on the common occurrence of AD and food allergy, and the impact of food allergy on the course of AD, based on current domestic and foreign literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction . Despite the progress that has been made in the therapy of atopic dermatitis in recent years, cyclosporin A remains the first-line treatment of severe forms of the disease. Objective. To present a case of effective cyclosporin A therapy of severe atopic dermatitis with features of secondary bacterial infection. Case report . A 22-year-old man was admitted to hospital with extensive erythematous-desquamative skin lesions. The lesions were accompanied by intense itching. Based on the patient’s medical history, physical examination, laboratory test results and histological examination of a skin biopsy, atopic dermatitis with bacterial superinfection was diagnosed. Treatment with cyclosporin A in combination with antibiotics was initiated, resulting in significant clinical improvement within a few days after the initiation of therapy. Conclusions . Our case confirms that cyclosporin A is a fast-acting and highly effective therapeutic agent in atopic dermatitis, and the risk of adverse reactions, if the drug is used properly, is low.