Search

The first report about the discovery of new, previously unknown immune cells named IRA B cells (innate response activator B cells) appeared in 2012. So far, their presence has been verified in both mice and humans. However, IRA B cells belong to the family of B lymphocytes and have a number of characteristics unique to this group of cells. IRA B cells are formed from activated B1a lymphocytes after their contact with a pathogen. B1a lymphocytes mainly reside within body cavities. Activated by the pathogen, they move on into secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes) where they differentiate into IRA B cells. IRA B cells are a rich source of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF can stimulate IRA B cells in an autocrine manner for the secretion of intracellular stocks of immunoglobulin M (IgM), which can facilitate pathogens' phagocytosis by neutrophils. GM-CSF also stimulates neutrophils into active phagocytosis. Rapid eradication of the pathogen can prevent the development of an excessive inflammatory response, which can be dangerous for the organism. Until now the involvement of IRA B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of sepsis and pneumonia has been proven, as well as their role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. There is research in progress on the possibility of increasing the number of IRA B cells, for example by intravenous supply of modified immunoglobulins. It is necessary to characterize human IRA B cells and to determine their role in the functioning of the immune system.

In 23 patients affected by urinary bladder cancer and 22 healthy volunteers, acetylation phenotype was determined in urine, using the Eidus technique involving isoniazid. In the healthy group 10 (45.4%) slow acetylators and 9 (40.9%) fast acetylators were found. Of 23 patients with the bladder cancer 14 (60.9%) were slow acetylators, whereas 5 (21.7%) exhibited fast acetylation phenotype. The studies demonstrate that among the bladder-cancer-affected patients those with slow acetylation phenotype predominates. In those of the affected patients who had been exposed to chemical substances in the past, the percentage of slow acetylators was still higher (62.5%).