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The National Innovation System drives the creation of new knowledge and economic growth. The effects of innovation on Market Dependent Economies and Hierarchical Market Economies have been studied in isolation. However, no one has conducted a comparative study between these types of economies that allows us to know which type of economy generates the best conditions for innovation. The aim of the paper is to compare a country of the Dependent Market Economies (Poland) with another country of the Hierarchical Market Economies (Mexico) in relation to their National Innovation Systems. To do that, we will carry out a comparative study with indicators that are related to the concept of the National Innovation Systems: elements, relationships and products. The results show that Poland has a more developed National Innovation System than Mexico, due to the fact that several indicators of the European country are higher than those of the Latin American one.