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Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disorder affecting about 25% of the global population. The causes of its development include poor diet, low physical activity, overweight, obesity, older age, diabetes, and lipid disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is identified by some researchers as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It has been observed that patients with NAFLD have an increased risk of cardiovascular events, as well as a higher number of deaths from myocardial infarction compared to the general population. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 237 patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis, treated in the Department of Geriatrics at the University Clinical Hospital in Wrocław from 2019 to 2022, focusing on coexisting overweight, obesity, and concomitant diseases. Laboratory results and the degree of left ventricular muscle hypertrophy were analyzed. Parameters assessed by echocardiography, including interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd), and IVSd + LVPWd/2, were used to evaluate left ventricular hypertrophy. Results Data from 237 patients were analyzed: 79 men (age: 77.2±7.1 years) and 158 women (age: 78.4±7.7 years). Body mass index (BMI) values for men and women were 30.5±5.0 kg/m² and 31.9±5.6 kg/m², respectively. There was a positive correlation between BMI and the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy for the parameters IVSd (ρ = 0.36, p < 0.001), LVPWd (ρ = 0.36, p < 0.001), and IVSd + LVPWd/2 (ρ = 0.38, p < 0.001). Conclusions The study demonstrated a moderate positive correlation between BMI and the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. These findings indicate the necessity of actively searching for cardiovascular risk factors, including the evaluation of echocardiographic parameters in patients with NAFLD. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(3):223–231

Emotions are the effect but also the cause of eating behaviors, including the purchase and consumption of snacks. As snacks become an increasingly prevalent segment of the food industry, their consumption has been linked to rising rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases. Understanding how emotional valence influences consumer attitudes and behaviors toward snacks is therefore crucial. This study explores the relationship between emotional eating and the propensity to consume unhealthy snacks, both sweet and salty. A survey of 707 representative participants revealed distinct emotional patterns in snack consumption, with choices significantly influenced by consumers' emotional states and personal preferences. Furthermore, individuals who frequently opted for unhealthy snacks typically exhibited poorer health and financial profiles.

Given the changing nature of the modern economy, technological advances and increasing globalization, labor markets are presenting university graduates with new challenges in terms of the competences expected of them. The aim of this article is to evaluate and forecast the future of labor market demands in relation to the competences of future employees. A comprehensive analysis of these expectations is presented, drawing on findings from the desk research method, further supplemented with a qualitative study. The discussion focuses on identifying key competences that employers are looking for in today’s business environment and the competences that will be necessary in the long term. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the transformation of curricula in higher education, especially in relation to business schools, emphasizing the need to continually monitor market expectations and make necessary adjustments to curricula. The conclusions from this study are intended to serve as a source of inspiration for decision-makers responsible for educational programs at universities, especially those with a business profile, and other stakeholders aiming to bridge the gap between the academic world and the dynamically changing labor market.

W 2019 r. do polskiej procedury cywilnej została wprowadzona instytucja oddalenia powództwa jako oczywiście bezzasadnego. W ramach niniejszego artykułu autor ma zamiar przedstawić i rozważyć jeden wydaje się nieplanowany skutek, do którego wprowadzenie art. 1911 k.p.c. może prowadzić, tj. następstwo w postaci stworzenia, przy zaistnieniu określonych okoliczności, mechanizmu umożliwiającego uprawnionemu darmowe przerwanie biegu przedawnienia roszczenia. Jako że nie taki był cel wprowadzenia tej instytucji, przez pozostałą część opracowania rozważane jest, na gruncie prawa procesowego, w jaki sposób takiego niechcianego skutku należałoby próbować unikać.

The development of crowdfunding widened the inventory of the available funding methods for scientific and extracurricular projects and boosted the interest of those entities that have not used this form of creative funding until now. American universities are both pioneers in this field and the most successful in this type of fundraising. At universities in Poland, crowdfunding is in the phase of initial development, therefore this paper is aimed at introducing and evaluating the first crowdfunding platform launched at Poznań University of Economics and Business — GOuep.pl. The experience gained and conclusions drawn from the first fundraisings organised for the implementation of selected projects provide interesting, practical implications for the parties potentially interested in this method of project funding. University fundraisings usually do not reach beyond a given university’s community, making them rather small, local projects with moderate financial goals. Crowdfunding is still so fresh and unexplored at universities in Poland, that significant resources, both financial and in the form of expert knowledge, need to be spent in order to take full advantage of it. It is also a lesson for the entire academic community on how to use the potential of engagement in university projects, understood as events that integrate particular groups and affect the development of the potential and attractiveness of a university. The paper contributes towards recognising predictors of successful crowdfunding at Polish universities and indicates the possibility to use crowdfunding platforms as tools in building the university image and strengthening the integration of academic communities.

The text describes the post-war series of portrait sculptures by Xawery Dunikowski – which not often are a subject of substantial analysis – in which the artist refers to his pre-war Wawel Heads (1925–1928). The extended approach to the artistic merit of the work (style) has been augmented with its contextual setting (the circumstances of its creation, ideological references) to indicate the significant formal and thematic ambivalence of the cycle as well as its multifaceted quality. In his sculpted heads Dunikowski manifests his curiosity as to the human individual, artistically reinterpreting the peculiarly Olympian, deified representatives of communism. Above all, it confirms the stylistic autonomy of the Pantheon, which dominates over ideological dependencies. At the same time Dunikowski attests to his undisputed craftsmanship as the doyen of Polish sculpture – the insightful realist and muckraker.

Introduction and purpose: Acute pancreatitis remains a clinically significant problem worldwide and in Poland, where its incidence is observed to be twice as high as in the global population. The aim of this study is to describe the latest available guidelines for managing patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, including diagnostic methods, radiological approaches, as well as conservative and invasive therapeutic treatment. Materials and Methods: The literature available on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar databases, and guidelines from the Polish Society of Gastroenterology was reviewed using the words: „acute pancreatitis”, „pancreas", "AP treatment", and „acute pancreatitis management”. Description of the state of knowledge: Patients with suspicion of acute pancreatitis are mainly diagnosed based on their symptoms using the Revised Atlanta Classification comprising of clinical symptoms, elevated pancreatic enzymes level, and imaging test results. The recommended therapeutic management for patients with acute pancreatitis underlines the importance of conservative treatment before the implementation of invasive procedures, the choice of which should be based on the severity and form of the condition. Summary: The existing recommendations regarding the diagnostic approach in acute pancreatitis emphasize the importance of correlating symptoms with radiological findings obtained through ultrasound, which is a quick and widely accessible diagnostic tool. In therapeutic management, conservative treatment remains significant with the early implementation of nutritional support, along with the appropriate method and timing of surgical intervention depending on the form of acute pancreatitis and the presence of infection.

The article considers the issue what moment/moments shall be deemed as the beginning of the period for finding defects in two objects obtained und the developer agreement, i.e., a flat/a single-family house (1) and land, on which the single-family house/building in which the apartment is located is erected (2). The above-mentioned issue has already been commented on by the doctrine, but only in relation to the building. Thus, this study supplements the above-mentioned considerations.

This paper indicates the main risks connected with virtual currencies and shows what was the New York regulatory response to them. Because some time has passed since the adoption of the appropriate laws, the effect of the regulation could be also assessed. Based on described research, a thesis is put forward that even an onerous regulation of virtual currency in certain jurisdiction shall not kill this financial innovation there. Therefore, states should regulate crypto-assets to attract the industry which currently have a huge potential to growth.

W opracowaniu została przedstawiona propozycja metody wyznaczania obszarów o różnym stopniu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego (problemowych, sukcesu i faz pośrednich między nimi). W przyjętym postępowaniu badawczym identyfikację różnych typów obszarów przeprowadzono w oparciu o konstrukcję wskaźnika syntetycznego, który uwzględniał sześć cech przypisanych do dwóch kategorii tematycznych (społeczno-demograficznych oraz ekonomiczno-technicznych). Za okres badań przyjęto lata 2003–2019. Zastosowane ujęcie dynamiczne pozwoliło na prześledzenie ścieżki rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego badanych jednostek w obrębie zaproponowanych czterech typów obszarów. Uzyskane wyniki odnoszą się do gmin wiejskich oraz miejsko-wiejskich województwa dolnośląskiego ze szczególnym wskazaniem na powiat kłodzki, który od wielu lat uznawany jest za obszar problemowy.

The article considers the issue what moment/moments shall be deemed as the beginning of the period for finding defects in one of the objects obtained under the developer agreement, i.e., a building. In order to properly analyze the indicated problem, the following structure has been adopted. As part of the preliminary issues, it was presented what should be considered as the subject of a developer agreement, how a developer contract should be legally qualified and how the deadline for finding a defect differs from the deadline for reporting it. Then, it was considered when the deadline for finding defects in a building begins to run. The study ends with a short summary.

Artykuł opisuje nieczęsto analizowaną w naukowym dyskursie twórczość przestrzenną tego wrocławskiego artysty (1928–2003), czyli jego autorstwa niewielkie formy rzeźbiarskie i rzeźby ceramiczne, powstające zwłaszcza od lat 50. do lat 70. XX w. Przyświeca mu zamiar pokazania, że poświadczona w nich wolność tworzenia charakteryzująca tego wszechstronnego modernistę sygnalizuje sztukę ponowoczesną, szczególnie jej tendencję do zaniżania artystyczności. Rzeźbiarz wpisuje się w model wędrowca, który w swych indywidulanych artystycznych peregrynacjach stylistycznie zaburza modernistyczny paradygmat dzieła doskonałego, by zaproponować nadal formotwórcze antycypowanie nadchodzącej wówczas ponowoczesności. Tak rozumiana transgresywna swoboda sztuki Zdanowicza zostaje omówiona na wybranych z jego całościowo zweryfikowanej drogi twórczej przykładowych pracach rzeźbiarskich i ceramicznych, między innymi obiektach zainspirowanych antyestetyzmem natury, totemach z włosia i masy ceramicznej, kostkach ceramicznych. Ich pogłębiony opis stylistyczny i kontekstualny pozwoli wskazać dominującą modernistyczną wolność artystyczną tego twórcy, spontanicznie naruszaną przy użyciu rozwiązań formalnych zapowiadających postmodernistyczną antykonwencjonalność, tj. deflacyjnego osłabienia tradycyjnej artystyczności, dowartościowania przedmiotu-odpadu czy organicznej materii poddanej destrukcji. Ukierunkowaną w ten sposób analizę przedmiotową poprzedza syntetyczne ukonkretnienie sztuki (przestrzennej) głównie modernistycznej, a także określenie zaktualizowanego typu postawy wędrowca jako kategorii interpretacyjnej.

There are many computer applications in the world that use databases to store, process, and use data. That translates into many different ways of handling these databases. It is therefore difficult to choose a solution that meets the needs of the user. This article compares three C# solutions in terms of time efficiency: the Entity Framework Core application framework, pure SQL queries, and parameterized Prepared Statement queries. The results obtained in the course of the research has shown that the fastest solution is the use of non-parameterised SQL queries. The use of Entity Framework Core is the slowest of the three tested solutions.

In this article some features of the Cape Town Convention security interest were juxtaposed with some features of the Polish registered pledge. The aim of such research was to answer the question which of these two instruments is better adjusted to the COVID-19 economy. On the basis of such analysis, a conclusion was made that the Cape Town Convention security interest constitutes a more flexible security right and therefore one which is better adjusted to the COVID-19 economy. In the opinion of the author, the Cape Town Convention security interest shall constitute the direction in which the Polish security rights, especially in B2B relations, should go. The research was based on an analysis of the laws in force and a comparative analysis.

The article discusses the problem of implementing a quota system in placing gender representatives on electoral lists in local government elections. The research covers elections to the Regional Council (Sejmik) of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in years 2010, 2014 and 2018. The following research questions were posed: Was the number of women on the lists of individual committees greater than the statutory requirements? What places did women take on these lists? Which places on the lists allowed women to win tickets? The research focus concerns electoral committees that participated in the distribution of seats. After the introduction of quotas, the number of women on electoral lists has increased. The percentage of women on the lists was higher than the assumed amount. The representation of women was delivered in accordance with the requirements of the ordinance, but no attempt was made to provide such representation within particular places. The percentage of women taking the first places on the lists was actually smaller than the accepted amount. The increase in number and proportion of women present on electoral lists has not contributed to the increase of representation of women in the Regional Council. In the elections using the quota system, the number of elected women has been lower than expected.

In the second decade of the 21st century the graduates of high schools — student candidates — already belong to the next generation, called generation “Z”. This generation has been raised in the virtual world. Constant and unlimited access to the Internet leads to a situation in which it constitutes the most important communication channel and a source of information about the world surrounding them. Appreciating the significance of modern technologies and their role in building relations with student candidates, we can’t forget about the significance of direct contacts. For those facing the choice of university, which to a large extent may determine the kind of future professional career, communication in the virtual world, even though necessary, turns out to be insufficient. Meetings with candidates at universities, or high schools, lectures given by academic teachers to high school students, meetings with students, or other forms of direct contacts are still important elements of establishing and building relations with potential student candidates. The goal of this article is highlighting the significance of direct meetings in the process of establishing and building relations between a university and potential student candidates. To carry out the assumed goal a quantitative research on a group of high school students was carried out by means of the technique of auditorium questionnaire. On the basis of obtained results it was concluded that in the context of looking for information about the offer of universities young people from high schools expect direct meetings. What attracts particular attention are visits to universities, during which young people get the opportunity to participate in various activities. What turned out to be an important element of building direct relations were contacts with the students of a particular university. As the results of research have shown, it is worth engaging university students more often in the communication activities of universities.

We report the case of a 36-year-old male patient with alcohol dependence syndrome who was admitted to the Dermatology Unit with erythroderma of unknown aetiology persisting for approximately 2 years. A considerable degree of deformity and ulceration were noted on the patient’s right hand. The patient reported that the abnormalities were due to a fall suffered the year before. The culture of material collected from the ulcer was positive for Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Following a 10-day course of intravenous clindamycin the ulcer healed successfully. Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin ulcers, particularly in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome and general immunosuppression.

The main subject of this article is an analysis of the novel Пищеблок. The author of the article gives special attention to the theme of vampirism, used by Ivanov as a metaphor for the authoritarian Soviet system and its influence on citizens of the USRR, especially on scouts. Scouting can be described as a generational experience of the inhabitants of the Soviet Union. To present scouting in the USRR, the writer recreates the nostalgia of childhood, describing in the process the political and propagandistic aspects of scouting. The article also presents literary production of Ivanov.

Jedną z zasad efektuacyjnego podejścia do przedsiębiorczości jest zasada szalonego patchworku (crazy quilt), która dotyczy budowania relacji z otoczeniem biznesowym. Zgodnie z nią przedsiębiorca powinien korzystać z kontaktów z osobami z otoczenia, zbudowanych jeszcze przed założeniem firmy, a także aktywnie kształtować nowe relacje w środowisku, w którym firma działa. Silny networking i znajomość wielu osób pozwalają na czerpanie inspiracji i wspólne poszukiwanie nowych szans biznesowych. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych, których celem była ocena, na ile polscy przedsiębiorcy korzystają z zasady szalonego patchworku podczas realizacji celów swoich firm. Sprawdzono również, na ile studenci kierunku menedżerskiego doceniają wartość tej zasady, planując założenie własnej działalności gospodarczej. Wobec niewielkiego dorobku polskich badaczy dotyczącego efektuacji, zrealizowane badanie jest ważnym elementem budowania zasobów wiedzy z tego zakresu. Zgodnie z uzyskanymi wynikami, studenci okazali się w swoich przekonaniach bardziej zgodni z tradycyjnym, czyli przyczynowym (a nie efektuacyjnym) sposobem myślenia ze względu na wyraźną tendencję do rywalizowania, a nie kooperacji z konkurentami firmy. Efektem badań jest opracowanie katalogu rozwiązań, które powinny być włączone do procesu edukacji przedsiębiorczej, by uwrażliwiać obecnych i przyszłych przedsiębiorców na wartość budowanych relacji, a także wartości biznesowych w oparciu o stosunki interpersonalne z otoczeniem.

Background Non-occupational work-related diseases refer to health problems of multifactorial etiology, the occurrence, development and prognosis of which may be affected by work environment or by the way the work is performed but are not treated as occupational diseases under the applicable law. When analyzing their impact on labor market, it is necessary to also consider the employees’ right to put in a claim for compensation due to the consequences of the occurrence of such diseases. Material and Methods Legal regulations as well as judicial decisions on the possibilities and methods of pursuing claims for compensation from an employer due to the occurrence of non-occupational work-related disease were analyzed. Results The analyzed legal regulations and judicial decisions referred to the regulations of the Labour Code, Civil Code and Resolution of the Supreme Court of 4 December 1987. The paper presents examples of non-occupational diseases considered to be work-related and conditions necessary to assert a claim by the employee at the court. Conclusions Despite the lack of precise legal regulations in Poland, non-occupational work-related diseases may impact the legal situation of employees as well as employers. Employees are granted the right to claim for compensation from their employers in accordance with the Civil Code. Depending on the employer’s legal responsibility, it is necessary to prove the meeting of the appropriate essential conditions to put in a claim for damage. Raising the employers’ awareness of the legal and financial consequences shall support the occupational medicine services in intensifying their activity aimed at preventing all work-related diseases. Med Pr 2018;69(5):539–546

Za główny cel pracy przyjęto analizę procesów depopulacji na obszarach wiejskich Dolnego Śląska w latach 1995–2015. Intencją autorów było określenie skali, trwałości i zasięgu przestrzennego depopulacji na obszarach wiejskich regionu, a także czynników zmian ludnościowych, które przyczyniły się do ubytku liczby ludności. Umożliwiło to identyfikację wiejskich obszarów depopulacyjnych i ich typologię, zgodnie ze specyfiką współczesnych zmian demograficznych. W odniesieniu do skali wyludnienia wyodrębniono cztery typy obszarów wiejskich (obszary rozwijające się, stagnujące, wyludniające się i intensywnie wyludniające się), a w nawiązaniu do trwałości procesów depopulacji pięć typów (obszary stale rozwijające się, epizodycznie wyludniające się, czasowo wyludniające się, przeważająco wyludniające się i stale wyludniające się). Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że zjawisko depopulacji dotyczyło w szczególności obszarów wiejskich w Sudetach, na Przedgórzu Sudeckim oraz obszarów peryferyjnych w odniesieniu do głównych ośrodków miejskich. Procesy depopulacji na Dolnym Śląsku nie powinny być zatem utożsamiane tylko i wyłącznie z wsiami położonymi w Sudetach. Co więcej, w przypadku wiejskich obszarów depopulacyjnych na Dolnym Śląsku spadek liczby ludności dodatkowo potęgują negatywne trendy demograficzne (niski przyrost naturalny, wzrost udziału ludności w wieku poprodukcyjnym).

Artykuł prezentuje dwa modele przedsiębiorczości: tradycyjny (kauzalny) i efektuacyjny. Zgodnie z modelem kauzalnym najważniejszymi czynnikami wpływającymi na sukces firmy są strategiczne planowanie i konkurencyjność. W modelu efektuacyjnym ważne są posiadane przez przedsiębiorcę zasoby, elastyczne reagowanie na szanse pojawiające się w otoczeniu i budowanie relacji biznesowych. Celem artykułu stała się ocena efektuacyjności mentalnego modelu przedsiębiorczości, czyli ocena, czy i w jakim stopniu model prezentowany przez badanych studentów jest koherentny z efektuacyjnym modelem przedsiębiorczości. W przeprowadzonych badaniach nacisk położono na cztery elementy modelu mentalnego przedsiębiorczości: opracowanie strategii, wykorzystanie zasobów, postawy wobec ryzyka i budowanie relacji. Wykorzystano 39–itemowy kwestionariusz, w którym proszono studentów o ocenę, jak bardzo dane stwierdzenia odnoszą się do efektywnego przedsięwzięcia biznesowego. Wyniki wskazują, że modele mentalne studentów odpowiadają założeniom modelu tradycyjnego. Jedynie w odniesieniu do planowania strategii integrują one elementy obu modeli. Zidentyfikowano różnice w modelach mentalnych przedsiębiorczości kobiet i mężczyzn. Wyniki badań posłużyły do opracowania rekomendacji dla kształtowania efektuacyjnych postaw przedsiębiorczych studentów, szczególnie w zakresie koopetycji, traktowania ryzyka jako hamulca bezpieczeństwa i koncentrowania się na posiadanych zasobach.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare blood cell proliferative disease characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of monoclonal plasmocytes. Clinical picture of MM includes bone pain, underlying osteolytic lesions, osteopenia or osteoporosis that often lead to pathological fractures. Aim: To draw attention to the unusual cause of chest pain and the holistic approach to analgesic therapy in patients with MM. Case report: A clinical case of a 66-year-old patient with chest pain intensified when moving and deep breathing was presented and cardiological and gastroenterological reasons were excluded. Initially, non-steroidal analgesics and weak opioids were used in the treatment with good effect, however, as time was passing the pain symptoms progressed. Diagnostic imaging was complemented by computed tomography which revealed massive destructive changes within the ribs with the presence of soft tissue masses infiltrating adjacent muscles. Based on additional tests, the patient was diagnosed with MM. Optimization of analgesic therapy has brought permanent pain relief and improved his quality of life. Summary: The modern approach to anelgesia in patients with MM includes not only the use of analgesics, but also radiotherapy, bisphosphonates/zoledronic acid, orthopaedic treatment and chemotherapy.

Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of article is to analyse the professional situation of technical university graduates in Poland, focusing on the gender as the key impact factor. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem was to examine the in­fluence of gender on the employee’s professional situation among technical university graduates in Poland. Empirical data was gained as a result of six annual quantitative research projects, con­ducted in the years 2012‑2017 on a total sample of almost 8000 respondents. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Firstly, the method of empirical research and hypoth­eses were described.Secondly, the relation of gender and the situation in the Polish labor market was presented and then the situation of technical university graduates within the contemporary la­bor marketwere outlined. Finally, there was a presentation of research results and summary with recommendations. RESEARCH RESULTS: The results confirm the influence of gender on the employee’s profession­al situation, which is worse for women, also in the case of technical university graduates. Women fared worse than men i.a. in terms of the percentage of working individuals, the length of the pe­riod of searching for employment upon graduation and they were paid less than men. Neverthe­less, it should be emphasized that the situation of both the women and the men surveyed can be described as favourable. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It can be hoped that the dif­ferences will be reduced. The changes should focus primarily on two key areas: the amount of re­muneration received and the nature of the workplace.

The text describes the post-war series of portrait sculptures by Xawery Dunikowski - which not often are a subject of substantial analysis - in which the artist refers to his pre-war Wawel Heads (1925-1928). The extended approach to the artistic merit of the work (style) has been augmented with its contextual setting (the circumstances of its creation, ideological references) to indicate the significant formal and thematic ambivalence of the cycle as well as its multifaceted quality. In his sculpted heads Dunikowski manifests his curiosity as to the human individual, artistically reinterpreting the peculiarly Olympian, deified representatives of communism. Above all, it confirms the stylistic autonomy of the Pantheon, which dominates over ideological dependencies. At the same time Dunikowski attests to his undisputed craftsmanship as the doyen of Polish sculpture - the insightful realist and muckraker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria is the property of Poznan University of Life Sciences Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study refers to the subject matter and dissimilarities of the countryside entrepreneurship, as well as practical aspects of the stimulation of entrepreneurships on country areas on the examples of Local Action Groups. Formulating the theme of the study is entailing the need of conducting analysis of available literature and source materials, but next taking a stance to two issues. For the beginning issues, subject, meaning, functions and the dissimilarity of the country entrepreneurship should be described, and then the field of activity of Local Action Groups (LAG) should be analysed, as the element determining this entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to draw up LAG as the dynamising factor of the countryside entrepreneurship development. In the study, an analysis of source materials was applied of both the EU’s and domestic institutions, as well as available literature on the subject and information about functioning LAG in Poland.

The aim of the study is to present long-term objectives of country strategic areas with reference to the Strategy Europe 2020 (that is written down into philosophy 3D – the intelligent development, the sustainable development and the development supporting the social inclusion). In the study an analysis method of source materials of the institution of the European Union and the available literature on the subject were applied. Conducted analysis showed that the agriculture sector is progressive and dynamic, what is more to a considerable degree it influences the realisation of the success of the Strategy Europe 2020.

The study is aimed at a presentation of the most important and most dynamically operating agricultural organisations in united Europe and a description of conclusions from analysis of their influence on processes of socioeconomic transformations in the context of forming the consumer-producer’s bonds. In the study an analysis method of source materials from the European Commission, Community and domestic documents, as well as the available literature on the subject was applied.

The purpose of the article are both an analysis, the evaluation and the presentation of changes of the opinion of farmers and country dwellers on the subject: influences of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to rural areas, position of the Polish government with reference to negotiated conditions and implementing principles of CAP, as well as the anxieties associated with the accession and with functioning of the agriculture of the united Europe. For the purposes of the study there were used findings of the Institute of public affairs from 1999 and findings from own research realised between 06-08.2012. Findings indicated, that within the last decade attitude of farmers and country dwellers with regard to the European Union and its financial instruments of the support, evolved from the position of the extreme scepticism to moderate euroenthusiasm.

Contemporary tourism is facing a lot of challenges. The number of tourists , who are aware and demanding, the quality standards that are being increased, the supplies that are overused in a lot of tourist regions – these are a real problems , that tourist destinations need to face. In such conditions, it is impossible to manage tourism efficiently without any long term strategy, that sets realistic but also ambitious goals, marks out the directions of the development and measures the level of the achievement of the goals in a countable way. As the competition on the tourist market is very demanding, it is important for the destination to fallow present-day trends that promote the idea of sustainability. The theory of sustainable tourism management has been presented in the article, as well as the advantages of its introducing in the process of gaining competitiveness. Most of tourist destinations and agglomerations already has the instruments to do it, they only need to be integrated into a system, that would enable monitoring sustainable tourism development.

Opowieści w konwencji bajki z przesłaniem filozoficznym, ailment mogą znacząco wzbogacić warsztat nauczyciela etyki, który przymierza się do pracy z dziećmi w wieku wczesnoszkolnym. Starannie dobrana bajka, zaprezentowana przez nauczyciela (lub uczniów) w sposób sceniczny, może wzbudzić nie tylko zainteresowanie (i kluczowe w filozofii) zdziwienie (Martens, 2003), ale także tzw. dysonans poznawczy w zetknięciu z kontrowersją, dylematem lub konfliktem racji czy dóbr

The main problem of this article is a try to explore the way that recruiters consider candidates performance during recruitment process, their competences, “soft skills”, what features they find as valuable and which selection methods currently are the most popular. Empirical part of text is based on data gained from qualitative research, concretely from an interview carried out among professional recruiters who participate in candidates selection process in companies.

The article presents the concept of multifaceted management of tourism in a region by implementing the European Tourism Indicator System for Sustainable Destination developed by the European Commission. This comprehensive approach seems to be an innovative solution to the question of management of tourism which is a priority sector for the regional development, in the strict meaning of the word, for many regions of Europe. The article presents the structure of ETIS and the idea of its implementation – understood as a process – along with the notes from the regions which participated in the pilot phase of the project. The parallel assumption of the article is to disseminate the idea of sustainable tourism management in a region via the implementation of ETIS, which uses an interdisciplinary approach, thus enabling the competitiveness of the region to increase on the present-day, highly saturated, global tourism market.

The author questions the interpretation of the discoveries at the settlement in Imielin and considers unfounded some views on iron metallurgy presented by A. Kokowski in the book Starożytna Polska (Ancient Poland)

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