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The main goal of the study was to characterize the thermal conditions during the hot summer of 2015 and to determine the circulation types with respect to the occurrence of extremely high air temperature and heat waves in Poland. The daily maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) air temperatures from 7 stations in Poland in 1951–2015 were used, as well as the Grosswetterlagen and Niedzwiedź circulation type classifications. A day with an extremely high air temperature (DTE) was defined as having TMAX above the 95th percentile and a heat wave as a sequence of at least 3 such days. The results prove that the summer of 2015 in Poland was unusually hot, especially in the south-western part of the country. The circulation types accompanying DTE and the heat waves were mainly anticyclonic with an advection of tropical air masses from the southern sector. 7 205 223 16 Badania Fizjograficzne