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Simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation of corn starch using enzyme preparation Stargen 001 was investigated. The experiments were conducted in an agro-distillery plant. The preparation of corn mashed based on the use of corn flour suspended in recycled liquid fraction of stillage and distillation condensates. It was shown that the final concentrations of ethanol after fermentation of 25% w/v mashes were of 8-10% w/v. The elimination of cooking for starch liquefaction allowed to reduce of energy requirements, nevertheless, made s serious problem with bacterial contamination of mashes. The concentration of lactic acid at the end of fermentation process reached up to 3.8% w/v. The SFF process connected with repeated stillage recycling allowed to remove water requirements and to perform this process as discard-less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human digestive system is the site of colonization of over 500 different species of bacteria. The number and diversity of bacteria is relatively small in the stomach and increases as the food moves towards the small intestine, ileum and colon. Disorders in the microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract are closely related to lifestyle, diet, pharmacotherapy, exposure to stress and age. In the aging organism there are many changes, both related to the physiology of individual systems and to the psychological aspect. One of them concerns changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of gastrointestinal microbiota. The work presents and characterizes the most important factors affecting dysfunctions in the digestive system of older people. In the case of quantitative and qualitative disturbances in the gastrointestinal microbiota, the use of liquid probiotic preparation, the effect of which has been investigated and presented in the following work, has a positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]