Search

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common modern “disease of affluence”, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and/or impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin. In Poland, the incidence of this metabolic disease is 5–8% and is still increasing. The consequences of the development of T2DM include, among others: changes in cardiovascular system, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Due to medical progress, it is easier to control glycemia, as well as to predict the occurrence of this disease or the dynamics of its development and consequences. The molecules discussed in the article: growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and fetuin-A, represent great promise both in the diagnosis and treatment of not only T2DM, but also obesity, which often accompanies T2DM. Most of the studies reported in the literature were performed on animal models, mainly mouse. This article presents arguments supporting the potential usefulness of the above-mentioned paracrine factors for prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Obesity is a chronic disease that constitutes a global problem and a serious challenge to public health. In the course of this disease, excessive accumulation of fat tissue occurs in the body, which not only leads to an increased risk of health complications, but also negatively affects the quality of life. Fat cells – adipocytes – are responsible for the biosynthesis and release of adipokines, among others, leptin, visfatin, chemerin and omentin-1. They are active biological substances, including mediators of inflammation, which may lead to the development of metabolic disorders in the body. The above-mentioned properties of the described adipokines make it possible to potentially use them as diagnostic and therapeutic factors in the course of obesity and its accompanying disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic complications. Despite significant progress in understanding the role played by the discussed adipokines, further research is necessary to precisely describe the mechanisms of action and to determine the precise relationship between their plasma concentrations and state of diseases.

One of the branches of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is herbal medicine. In this paper, we focus on the biological activity of substances belonging to flavonoids and specific examples of their impact on various body systems. Flavonoids are a group of chemical compounds included in plant materials, honey, propolis or mushrooms used in TCM. Chrysin, galangin, kaempferol and fisetin are examples of flavonoids showing, among others, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antibacterial properties, which are the subject of various scientific studies aimed at examining their potential therapeutic effect.

Introduction and objective It is widely known that the ageing process is associated with the occurrence of morphological, anatomical, and functional changes within the brain. Consequently, memory, elective attention and concentration may be impaired, and thus the quality of daily life may deteriorate. Reduced mental efficiency increases the susceptibility of the brain to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer›s disease (AD) or Parkinson›s disease (PD). One of the main aims of this study was to examine the impact of diet composition and the use of various nutritional strategies, such as calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting, (IF) on brain health. Review methods An electronic search strategy was used, including MeSH and key words. Brief description of the state of knowledge There are nutritional factors, including the amount of energy supplied and diet composition, which are important in brain functioning, especially during ageing. Based on research from recent years many strategies have been developed, the use of which could delay the neurological ageing process and the development of associated disorders and age-related pathologies. This research has focused mainly on nutritional interventions that delay (neurological) ageing, especially CR and IF. Particularly, altering the proportion of macronutrients appears to have an impact on life expectancy and longevity; a growing body of evidence shows that modulation of macronutrient proportions can affect brain ageing and cognition and, consequently, delay brain ageing and reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Summary There is a need for further randomized studies taking into account various factors, such as: genetic background or the severity of the disease, due to which it will be possible to develop appropriate strategies to prevent dementia in the elderly.

Sokal Valentine. Організація самостійної роботи з педагогічних дисциплін у ВНЗ технічного профілю = Organization of independent work of pedagogical disciplines in Universities technical profile. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):642-654. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.221122 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4108 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.12.2016. Revised 20.12.2016. Accepted: 25.12.2016. ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ З ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У ВНЗ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ Сокаль Валентина Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування, м. Рівне, Україна Organization of independent work of pedagogical disciplines in universities technical profile Sokal Valentine National University of water management and nature resources use, Rivne, Ukraine Анотація. В статті розглядаються особливості організації самостійної роботи з педагогічних дисциплін у вищому навчальному закладі технічного профілю. Обґрунтовані групи мотивів, що спонукають студентів займатися самостійною роботою. Визначені умови ефективної організації самостійної роботи, як складової формування професійних компетентностей студентів вищих навчальних закладів. Ключові слова. Самостійна робота, самоосвіта, мотиви навчання, професійні інтереси, творчі завдання. Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются особенности организации самостоятельной работы по педагогическим дисциплинам в высшем учебном заведении технического профиля. Обоснованы группы мотивов, побуждающих студентов заниматься самостоятельной работой. Определены условия эффективной организации самостоятельной работы, как составляющей формирования профессиональных компетенций студентов высших учебных заведений. В основу организации самостоятельной работы по педагогическим дисциплинам возложены эмоционально-психологические и интеллектуальные мотивы, позволяющие выбрать задание, которое приносит эмоциональное удовлетворение, способствует творческому развитию личности студента и побуждает к научным исследованиям. Сформированы навыки самостоятельной работы, впоследствии, после окончания вуза, помогут молодому специалисту выполнять свои профессиональные функции и приобретать новые знания. При организации самостоятельной работы по педагогическим дисциплинам в техническом ВУЗе преимущественно используется индивидуальная внеаудиторная работа: конспектирования, цитирование, подготовка научных тезисов, статей, рефератов, презентаций, викторин; подготовка вопросов для педагогических исследований (интервью, беседы, анкетирование); подготовка учебно методического комплекса дисциплины; подготовка к проведению лекционного, практического и лабораторного занятия. Важное значение имеет организация систематического контроля за результатами самостоятельной работы студентов со стороны преподавателя. Ключевые слова. Самостоятельная работа, самообразование, учебные мотивы, профессиональные интересы, творческие задания. Summary. The article describes peculiarities of the individual work organization in pedagogical disciplines taught in the higher technical education institutions. The groups of reasons which motivate students to be involved in the individual projects are clearly justified. This research helped to define the conditions of the effective individual work organization which in its turn is an integral part of the students' professional competencies formation. Key words. Individual work, self-education, reasons-to-learn, professional interests, creative tasks.

nie dotyczy

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Resource Management / Zarzadzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Health behaviours are all kinds of health behaviours that lead to certain positive or negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the health behaviour and nutritional status of patients treated in hospital wards. Material and methods: The study included 102 patients: 51 hospitalized in the department of neurosurgery and 51 in the department of gastroenterology. A diagnostic survey method was used, including the IZZ questionnaire, the NRS 2002 scale, the BMI scale, and a questionnaire of our own authorship. The obtained results were statistically verified by assuming a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: In each of the study groups, the majority were women - 54.9% in the gastroenterology department and 56.9% in the neurosurgery department. The overall score for the BMI scale differed highly significantly depending on the ward in which the respondents were present (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test); in the neurosurgery ward, the scores of this scale were higher. BMI scale scores were higher for respondents from the neurosurgery department; the mean score was 27 points, and the maximum value was 50.8 points. In the gastroenterology department, the values were, respectively, 24 points and 37.2 points. These results were statistically highly significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients of the neurosurgery department rated their health behaviour at a high level, while those of the gastroenterology department rated it at an average level. Patients of the neurosurgery department were better nourished than those hospitalized in the gastroenterology department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wstęp: Zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa stanowią poważny problem zdrowotny - występują coraz częściej, są uporczywe, przewlekłe, mają tendencję do nawrotów bez konkretnej przyczyny. Wśród pacjentów skarżących się na bóle kręgosłupa szczególną grupę stanowią ci, u których dolegliwości te powracają po okresie względnej poprawy oraz chorzy po licznych operacjach neurochirurgicznych, u których nie uzyskano zadowalającego efektu analgetycznego. Cel pracy: Przedstawienie wybranych metod postępowania w bólach kręgosłupa. Materiał i metody: Zabiegi neurodestrukcyjne można wykonywać, wykorzystując czynniki chemiczne (neuroliza), fizyczne (termolezja, kriolezja) bądź chirurgiczne (przecięcie nerwów). Termolezja należy obecnie do najczęściej wykonywanych zabiegów neurodestrukcyjnych. Jest metodą niszczenia struktur nerwowych w temperaturze około 60-80°C generowanej wokół końca specjalnej elektrody, którą wprowadza się precyzyjnie do tkanki nerwowej. Zabiegi neuromodulacyjne można stosować jedynie u wybranych chorych z przewlekłymi dolegliwościami, u których zawiodły inne metody leczenia przeciwbólowego. Jedną z nich jest stymulacja rdzenia kręgowego (ang. spinal cord stimulation - SCS), która stanowi alternatywę w terapii bólu neuropatycznego. Skuteczność SCS można przetestować za pomocą urządzenia przezskórnego przed implantacją na stałe. Po wszczepieniu generatora impulsów często konieczne jest przeprogramowanie urządzenia raz lub kilka razy. Zabieg SCS okazuje się skuteczny nie tylko w łagodzeniu bólu, ale także w poprawie wydolności funkcjonalnej i jakości życia. Wyniki: W powyższych przypadkach obowiązują ogólne zasady postępowania w okresie okołooperacyjnym. Zwraca się uwagę na przygotowanie przedoperacyjne - utrzymanie czystości i zasad higieny, dokładne mycie/dezynfekcję miejsca operowanego, higienę rąk. Jeżeli dochodzi do infekcji, najczęściej mamy do czynienia z drobnoustrojami skórnymi. Wnioski: Aktualnie istnieje wiele metod leczenia bólów kręgosłupa. Edukacja pacjentów oraz podejście uwzględ niające czynniki psychospołeczne i wielodyscyplinarną opiekę zwiększają szanse powodzenia w terapii tych dolegliwości. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiofrequency current ablation (RFCA) is a safe and efficient method of treatment in adult patients with symptomatic arrhythmias. Recently RFCA is being also used in the treatment of children with cardiac arrhythmias, however its value in this set of patients is poorly documented. Aims of our study were to assess the feasibility and safety of RFCA procedures in children with symptomatic supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, and to identify the parameters which influence the probability of acute success and RFCA course., Methods: Consecutive 110 patients aged less than 18, who underwent RFCA due to the symptomatic arrhythmias at our center were included into a retrospective analysis. The patients presented mainly with the preexcitation syndrome (57%), 13.6% had ectopic ventricular arrhythmias, in 17.3% nodal reentrant tachycardia, in 8.2% intraatrial reentry tachycardia (IART), whereas in 5.4% ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) was diagnosed. Three patients had multiple arrhythmias. In ten subjects congenital heart defect was diagnosed in the past, which was treated surgically in 8. Analyzed parameters included: RFCA success-rate, procedure duration, fluoroscopy-time, perioperative complications and arrhythmia recurrence-rate during 6 months follow-up., Results: Ablation was successful in 101 (91.8%) patients and abolished 104 out of 113 (92%) treated arrhythmias. Out of 9 patients with unsuccessful RFCA, three had congenital heart defect. Two complications occurred intra-operatively in two patients: in one patient pneumothorax was observed following jugular vein puncture, which resolved spontaneously without the need of drainage, in the second patient transient atrioventricular conduction block occurred during radiofrequency current application. Mean procedure duration in the studied population was 118.9 +/- 46 min, fluoroscopy exposure equaled 22.3 +/- 17min. In twelve patients (10.9%) arrhythmia recurred during the follow-up period. The longest procedure duration was observed in patients with EAT and IART, the longest fluoroscopy-time in subjects with IART, whereas the shortest fluoroscopy was observed in patients with the ventricular ectopic arrhythmias. Success-rates, complications, and recurrence-rates did not differ irrespectively from arrhythmia treated. The only independent predictor of unsuccessful RFCA was the presence of congenital cardiac defect (adjusted OR 0.15, p<0.05). The presence of cardiac defect, procedure performed without electroanatomic mapping system and less experienced operators were the parameters associated with longer fluoroscopic exposure., Conclusions: Radiofrequency current ablation is a safe and efficient method of treatment in children with arrhythmias. The presence of congenital heart defect was a factor influencing unfavorably the probability of successful RFCA. Procedural course was related to the experience of electrophysiology team, the use of advanced mapping systems and presence of cardiac defect.