Search

The aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of psychopathology in the context of the idea of distributed cognition. Distributed cognition is a methodological approach to the analysis of cognitive systems and the relationships among their underlying components. In the first part of this paper, I describe the key assumptions of distributed cognition and consider its utility in the fields of philosophy of psychiatry and psychology. Having done so, I attempt to depict addiction as a state that cannot be described solely from an individualistic point of view, but rather as a distributed phenomenon. This standpoint corresponds to Hanna Pickard's account and the concept of affordances, which has increasingly been used in the context of psychopathology in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defense mechanisms are unconscious, automatic processes that allow us to cope with tension and stress. They play a significant role in maintaining mental health, but the use of some of them, especially immature ones which strongly distort reality, can be associated with psychopathological symptoms. Multiple studies show a relationship between immature defensive styles and mood disorders. Individuals with depressive and bipolar affective disorders use more immature mechanisms compared to non-clinical control groups. At the same time, they rely less on mature, adaptive defense mechanisms. Immature defense mechanisms may negatively affect the course and effectiveness of treatment, while improvements toward the use of more mature defenses due to psychotherapy and other treatment interventions are observed. Estimation of the maturity level of defense mechanisms may prove useful in the diagnostic process, especially in differentiating depressive disorders from anxiety disorders, differentiating between subtypes of mood disorders and in assessing the risk of suicidal behavior. Enhancing mature defense mechanisms and reducing reliance on immature ones may improve the overall functioning of patients with mood disorders and contribute to reducing the severity of psychopathological symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social support is included among the factors determining the occurrence of negative and positive effects of secondary exposure to trauma in professionals working with people after traumatic experiences. The aim of the research was to determine the role of social support from various sources in the occurrence of symptoms of secondary stress and growth after trauma in the group of medical personnel exposed to secondary trauma. Material and methods: The analysis included the results obtained from 185 representatives of medical personnel, including paramedics (64.9%) and the nursing team (35.1%) who worked directly with the injured or suffering. Most of the respondents were women (56.8%). The age of the respondents was in the range of 20–65 years (M = 42.41, SD = 8.92). The research used a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study and three standard measurement tools, i.e. the Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Social Support Scale ― What support can you count on? Results: The obtained research results indicated a high intensity of secondary stress and moderate intensity of secondary growth after trauma in the examined group of medical personnel. Social support is primarily associated with secondary growth after the trauma. Support from the family plays a protective role for secondary stress. In turn, the factor conducive to the occurrence of secondary growth is primarily the support from co-workers. Conclusions: Developing the ability to perceive and use social support can contribute to reducing the negative and promoting the positive effects of secondary exposure to trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of the History & Philosophy of Medicine / Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny is the property of Polskie Towarzystwo Historii Medycyny i Farmacji and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to present the concept of child and adolescent psychopathy and to discuss its utility in scientific research and clinical practice, including early diagnosis and intervention. The authors review the literature on the subject, showing the current directions in research on early manifestations of psychopathy in children and adolescents, and the reasons for conducting empirical studies in this field; they also indicate the associated problems of methodological and ethical nature. This article is an attempt to examine the possibility of identifying early predictors of psychopathy, indicating the need for further investigation of this construct towards building a developmental model of psychopathy. The article shows the complexity and variety of directions that make up the mainstream of theoretical and empirical research on psychopathy in children and adolescents. It also points to the value of adopting a general theoretical model that allows for the integration of research results and to the potential of the paradigm of developmental psychopathology as the most promising framework for research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 17-year-old girl with endogenous hypercortisolism. She was diagnosed with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) in early and predominant symptoms associated with anxiety-depressive disorders. She was administered with antidepressant drug for endogenous hypercortisolism. She underwent total adrenalectomy to withdraw of all symptoms of Cushing's syndrome.

The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation -- Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a scale designed as a multi-theoretical and multi-diagnostic measure of general psychological distress. It can be used at all levels of psychological care, from triage to monitoring the effects of psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Croatian version of the CORE-OM questionnaire in an adult sample and to determine the cut-off score. The study included a total of 608 participants divided into non-clinical (n=425) and clinical (n=183) groups. In addition to the CORE-OM questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. Analysis revealed a four factor structure with a higher order factor corresponding to the original structure, suggesting that this questionnaire measures the degree of general psychological distress from which it is also possible to determine in which areas this distress is particularly pronounced. Satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as a good convergent validity, were confirmed. On the basis of ROC analysis, a cut-off score of 1.38 was determined. For clinicians, the CORE-OM can be used to assess general distress. However, it should be used in combination with other, more specific measures to further examine the expression of certain mental disorders. In research, the CORE-OM can be used as a reliable and valid measure of the presence and intensity of psychopathological disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a syndrome characterized by excessive anxiety caused by a non-existent or minimal physical defect. Despite that the disease affects up to 2% of general population, the awareness of this problem seems not widespread. The knowledge of psychodermatology among cosmetology students has not been studied until now. Aim of the study: To assess the knowledge of psychodermatology, and especially BDD among students of cosmetology. Material and methods: A questionnaire survey of 121 students of cosmetology (master course, either full-time or part-time) at the Jagiellonian University Faculty of Pharmacy, Krakow, Poland. Results: The concept of psychodermatology and BDD was known to 106 of 121 students (88%), while 65 respondents (54%) were able to indicate typical symptoms of BDD. The students appreciated the need for cooperation between cosmetologists and dermatologists (120, 99%), psychologists (56, 46%) and plastic surgeons (53, 44%) while only 28 (23%) recognized the need for collaboration with a psychiatrist. Conclusions: The majority of cosmetology students knows the concept of psychodermatology, and more than a half of them can indicate symptoms typical of BDD. They appreciate the need for collaboration with a dermatologist, while underestimating the role of the psychiatrist with this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatillomania or pathological skin picking (PSP) is defined as repetitive, ritualistic picking of the normal skin which results in tissue damage. Pathological skin picking is not recognized as a distinct psychiatric disorder in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), but it is currently classified as an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified or obsessive- compulsive spectrum disorder. Pathological skin picking often begins in adolescence but some studies have reported the age of onset between 30 and 40 years. Although prevalence of PSP is unknown, it is estimated that 1.4% of the general population meet the criteria of picking with noticeable skin damage or with associated distress. Many studies indicate that pathological skin picking is a heterogeneous condition, and it is possible to differentiate at least two styles of picking: the focused style involves picking with full awareness often in response to an urge or negative effect, whereas the automatic style occurs beyond one's awareness, often in sedentary situations. Pathological skin picking is associated with psychosocial impairments, social isolation, distress, and high levels of anxiety and depression, and it often leads to serious medical complications, i.e. recurrent infections. Pathological skin picking is a chronic disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. Individuals with skin picking disorder have a high incidence of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, body dysmorphic disorder and impulse control disorders other than PSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the light of plurality of categorization of disorders in psychodermatology according to various authors, the use of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in clinical practice is helpful. The most common diagnoses found in dermatological patients referred to psychiatric consultation may be categorized as follows: dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere, other mental disorders caused by damage or dysfunction of the brain and somatic disease, mental illness and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use, persistent delusional disorder, mood disorders (affective) and anxiety disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, other disorders occurring in the form of somatic, psychological and behavioral factors associated with disorders or diseases classified in other chapters, abnormal habits and instincts (pulses), other personality and behavioral disorders in adults, mental impairment. This article outlines the spectrum of mental and behavioural disorders in dermatological practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural psychiatry is an area of psychiatry focusing on epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology and treatment of psychiatric disorders taking into account the influence of culture and environmental conditions. The term cultural psychiatry is superior to terms transcultural psychiatry, comparative psychiatry or ethnopsychiatry. Transcultural psychiatry focuses on the study of characteristics of mental disorders, whereas comparative psychiatry concentrates on the differences in psychopathology determined by cultural differences. The field of psychiatry called ethnopsychiatry (cultural psychiatry) focuses on studying the exotic types of mental disorders and establishing their possible connection with ethnic variables. The aim of this article is to approach the issue connected to cultural psychiatry regarding the specific character of mental disorders, which are conditioned culturally or syndromes existing only in particular ethnic groups. Several distinctions in frequency and severity of particular symptoms can exist in many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenic psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety disorders or addictions. Syndromes exicting only in particular ethnic groups consist a very interesting topic. The best known ones include: koro, amok, dhat, latah and windigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)