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Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

John Locke's (1632-1704) concept of moral education is aimed at enabling young people to acquire moral virtues, which are very important in school, family and social life. His reflections are still valid and worth acknowledging and adapting to modern times, even though he puts religious notions to his works. He notes that the decisive influence on the formation of the inclinations, attitudes and behaviours of children and adolescents comes from their parents, teachers and educators. He points out that the ability to recognise the threats of this world can be done through knowledge of the world but one must be guided by the principles of life, which require morality. In the first place, he sets the task of shaping and deepening the pupil's moral virtues: innocence, diligence, sobriety, honour, humility, modesty, courage, nobility, prudence and others. This paper argues that Locke's considerations are within the scope of the philosophical problems of contemporary education, which are still analysed today and give rise to disputes that should be carried out not only in the field of religious education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The text presents the results of the research carried out in the period December 2020 to March 2021. Its aim was to explore three perspectives on the reception of remote learning during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the perspective of students in grades 4-8 of primary school, parents' perspective, and teachers' perspective. Moreover, it was intended to formulate conclusions from the research and to create educational material with tips on how to take care of oneself in times of crisis, and what to consider when organizing online education in the future. Methods. The research was embedded in a qualitative strategy in an action research plan. The selected method of data collection was a partly-guided individual interview, while the tool included original interview questionnaires for three groups -- teachers, students, and their parents. Three families and four teachers were invited to the research. During the interviews with the respondents, answers were obtained to questions concerning ways of conducting remote learning, school functions, expectations, positive and negative aspects of online education, well--being, professional sphere and private life. Based on the information obtained and scientific sources, the educational material "Remote education -- how to find yourself" was created. It was made available in pdf form to the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Board of Education, the interlocutors and ninety-seven schools. Results. The research shows that each person indicated a higher number of negative aspects of remote learning than positive ones, and also experienced unpleasant ailments, in terms of both physical and mental well-being. The educational material created, however, has been of practical help, especially for parents and teachers. Conclusions. Remote learning seems to have more negative effects than positive ones. It burdens both children and adults, but also poses a particular threat to the social and emotional development of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translingualism in the context of literature is a phenomenon that describes the works of authors who do not write in their mother tongue. Their works are narratives that transcend the boundaries of cultures and literary conventions and, as such, are not easily definable and analyzable. This fact is often the reason why their works are marginalized. The article is an analysis of works written by two authors of Hungarian origin. The first one, Viviane Chocas, writes in French, while the second, Melinda Nadj Abonji, in German. Both are therefore translingual, although this is not their only point of similarity. Their works are clearly autobiographical and both describe a similar process: that of the reconstruction of Hungarian identity, which was suppressed by their parents or blurred in earlier generations. That fact entitles us to look at their works from the point of view of the so-called post-memory, a phenomenon first described by Marianne Hirsch. In the course of the analyses, it turns out that the protagonists of the discussed works have a different attitude to their parents’ heritage and adopt different strategies of dealing with the past. While Ildikó, the protagonist of Melinda Nadj Abonji’s novel, decides to cut off both symbolically and physically from the past, Klara, from the novel by Viviane Chocas, feels an irresistible urge to learn about the difficult fate of her ancestors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the considerations is to present the usefulness of the construct of "parenting competence" according to the understanding of Teti and Huang (2004) in research on the role of parenting influence in child development. Through a critical analysis of definitions of such concepts as "parental attitude" or "parenting style," the construct of parenting competence (PC) will be shown as allowing for a more precise, and at the same time, coherent and comprehensive characteristics of the most important components of parenting. PC will be presented as a construct which contains three important elements of parenting, namely: parental warmth, control and quality of communication. By presenting the potential usefulness of this construct, we will show that PC can be treated as a kind of social competence possessed by the parent. PC makes it possible to analyze parenting in the context of parent-child interaction, and at the same time takes into account the variability of parenting, which is culturally conditioned and, in this context, is strongly related to the developmental period, i.e., the child's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Nasal aspirators facilitate cleaning of the nose in children. Literature regarding the effectiveness and safety of their use in the youngest children is very scant. Aim. To compare efficacy, safety and parents' satisfaction with two nasal aspirators availabe in Poland - Katarek Complete and NoseFrida. Material and methods. The study was prospective and observational. 60 children with an acute rhinitis from 0 to 3 y-o were included in the study. Children were evaluated by the ENT specialist before and one week after the onset of the treatment. 30 patients were provided with the Katarek Complete and 30 with the NoseFrida nasal aspirators, in addition to the standard anti-inflammatory regimen. Parents were filling-in the one-week treatment questionnaire evaluating nasal patency and nasal discharge, side effects and their satisfaction with the aspirator they used. The data were collected and analyzed with the SPSS statistical software. Results. Comparison of both groups showed no significant differences in regards to the history, and physical exam results, both pre- and post-treatment. There were also no differences in symptoms severity of nasal blockage and nasal discharge in the first 5 days reported by parents nor in the side effects frequency between groups. Decrease in nasal blockage and nasal discharge were observed in the 6th and 7th day of treatment in patients using Katarek Complete. Parents' remarks concerning Katarek Complete were mainly technical issues - noise and the connection to the vacuum-cleaner and in the case of NoseFrida - the passage of the aspired discharge into their mouths and small and unstable aspiration power of the device. Conclusions. The use of both nasal aspirators is easy and does not cause major technical issues. Katarek Complete aspirator was considered more efficient in parents' subjective evaluation. Both aspirators were considered to be safe with only minor side effects reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing in the 21st Century is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and occupational preferences of adolescents according to A. Roe's theory. It was hypothesized that there is a close correlation between the emotional aspect of parental attitudes and the shaping of job preferences in adolescents directed to people or to things. A significant relation between parent's and child's gender was also predicted. The research was conducted in 2012 and 2013, and it included a total of 314 individuals - students of the last year of high school and technical school, as well as first-year students of Tricity's public and private universities, both women and men. Two psychometric tools were used: A Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire by A. Roe and M. Siegelman (translated by W.S. Kowalski) and A Multidimensional Preferences Questionnaire by A. Matczak, A. Jaworowski, A. Ciechanowicz, E. Zalewska and J. Stańcza, which measured professional interests. On the basis of the results, it can be assumed that parental attitudes together with the quality of emotional relations between parents and children are closely connected to specific professional preferences which, at the same time, differ depending on child's and parent's gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research has been to determine the family aetiology of defensive coping strategies (aggression, avoidance, submission) employed by teenagers in social conflict situations and resulting from educational attitudes and model coping strategies chosen by their parents in analogous contexts. The following assessment methods have been used: the scale of parental attitudes by Mieczysław Plopa, the questionnaire of parental coping strategies in social conflict situations in the child's perception (SRwSK) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat, and the questionnaire of adolescent coping strategies in social conflict situations (KSRK) by D. Borecka- -Biernat. The empirical study has covered 892 students (464 girls and 423 boys) aged 13-15, from the first, second and third years of the lower secondary school. The results show that adolescents are not able to deal constructively with the social conflict situation unless in their educational environment they find approval, openness to their matters, recognition of their freedom of action, respect for their rights, and a model of active behaviour provided by significant others while seeking a viable solution to a conflict. Defensive forms of coping strategies in social conflict situations develop under the influence of educational parental attitudes and models of reacting to problems, manifested in parents' behaviours in emotional tension situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research was to verify whether there exists a relationship between the increase of perceived stress in its various aspects and the parental attitudes of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities as well as to find out if the relationship also exists among parents of intellectually healthy people. The research used the the Perception of Stress Questionnaire by Mieczysław Plopa and Ryszard Makarowski and the Parental Attitudes Scale by Mieczysław Plopa. The research involved 39 parents of intellectually disabled people and 85 parents of healthy people. The analyses have proven that the parents of the disabled people and those of the people without intellectual disabilities differ with regards to the displayed parental attitudes and the level of the perceived stress. The former group is characterized by a more demanding attitude and a higher level of intrapsychic stress, which was not observed among the members of the latter group. Differences with regard to the perceived stress have also been noticed between the mothers and fathers of the healthy people - the mothers reveal a stronger emotional tension than the fathers. Similar results were obtained as regards the mothers and fathers of intellectually disabled people where it is also mothers who experience a stronger emotional tension, as well as intrapsychic and external stress. In the light of the conducted studies a general conclusion may be drawn that the level of stress perceived by the parents of people with intellectual disabilities is significantly connected with their displayed parental attitudes, namely: protectiveness and inconsequence. In the case of parents of the healthy people such a relationship concerns only the protective attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Only recently the development and positive changes after trauma experiences, especially in children and adolescents, have become a subject of research, although the trauma itself and its negative impact on the human condition have been known and explored for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine associations between perceived parental attitudes and positive changes after a traumatic experience. The research group consisted of 72 young people (36 boys and 36 girls) aged 10–17 years who were victims of road accidents. The research tools were the Personal Growth Questionnaire – KOW-27 developed by N. Ogińska-Bulik and Parental Attitudes Scale – SPR, version for young people, by M. Plopa. The respondents have experienced positive changes as a result of a negative life situation. The results showed a significant, though varying, role of parental attitudes, especially attitudes of mothers, that were correlated with personal growth. Their meaning is associated not so much with the general index of posttraumatic growth than with each of its dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)