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Awareness of World Heritage Sites (WHS) is a marketing tool used to promote a destination. Once a tourist arrives, the ‘trip experience’ becomes a vital tool to ensure repeat visits and showcase a positive image of a destination to potential tourists. This study has tried to link the impact of the ‘trip experience’ of tourists to awareness of WHS aiming to understand the relationship of the six ‘domains’ and forming a proposed model. The data was collected from an on-site survey of 309 tourists from July to December 2019 using a structured questionnaire following a pilot study. For data analysis, logistic regression analysis was used. This revealed that four out of six domains increase the probability of tourists’ awareness of WHS status during a trip, namely: welcoming, local travel, tour leader and tour guide. The earlier model for using WHS awareness only for promotional purposes has been shifted by adding the trip experience of the tourists. The findings can be applied by tourism and hospitality facilitators in providing services to tourists.

Background: Skin conditions have multiple causes. Natural phages in the Ganga River have bactericidal qualities against a number of bacterial infections, which help resolve skin conditions. Materials and Methods: We collected water from upper reaches of the Ganga River where the number of isolates of phages was more than 200 according to a study of the National Environmental Engineering Institute, Nagpur. The water was collected in May 2020 before the onset of monsoons and stored with sediments so that the phages adsorbed in the sediments cleaned up the overlaying column of water of all coliforms. We supplied the water by post to a number of volunteers who took the water through oral, topical or nasal route as per their convenience. Thirty-nine of the 52 volunteers provided data by telephone on their skin conditions on which this study is based. Results: The results show that an improvement of 1.7 on Likert Scale of 1-10 is obtained on skin conditions as per assessment of the volunteers after a treatment of 100 days. Further improvement of 1.0 on Likert Scale was reported after 85 days of stoppage of treatment. Conclusions: Natural phages of Ganga river could provide an inexpensive treatment not only for skin conditions but other comorbidities as well because skin conditions have multiple causes and phages of Ganga water may work at multiple levels.

Scientific analysis of public transport systems at the urban, regional, and national levels is vital in this contemporary, highly connected world. Quantifying the accessibility of nodes (locations) in a transport network is considered a holistic measure of transportation and land use and an important research area. In recent years, complex networks have been employed for modeling and analyzing the topology of transport systems and services networks. However, the design of network hierarchy-based accessibility measures has not been fully explored in transport research. Thus, we propose a set of three novel accessibility metrics based on the k-core decomposition of the transport network. Core-based accessibility metrics leverage the network topology by eliciting the hierarchy while accommodating variations like travel cost, travel time, distance, and frequency of service as edge weights. The proposed metrics quantify the accessibility of nodes at different geographical scales, ranging from local to global. We use these metrics to compute the accessibility of geographical locations connected by air transport services in India. Finally, we show that the measures are responsive to changes in the topology of the transport network by analyzing the changes in accessibility for the domestic air services network for both pre-covid and post-covid times.