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Introduction: Footballers often do not pay much attention to their diet. They get their knowledge about rational nutrition from various sources, most often from the internet. The person giving advice on nutrition is more often a coach than a professional nutritionist. Rational nutrition in combination with appropriate physical training allows for the desired sports results. Therefore, the role of a qualified nutritionist should be crucial. Aims and objectives: The aim was to investigate the knowledge and dietary habits of high-performance football players and to demonstrate the consequences of not eating a well-balanced diet. Material and methods: The study concerns a group of 100 people training football in sports clubs in the Silesian province. An original survey questionnaire was used to conduct them. Results were compiled using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: Only 12% of respondents receive regular professional advice from a dietician. Despite this, only 41% of respondents declare a willingness to take advice from a dietician. Conclusions: The primary source of knowledge for football players is the internet and the coach. The unsatisfactory level of knowledge and poor eating habits are a consequence of the lack of care by a professional nutritionist in sports clubs.

Background: Thyroid diseases including Hashimoto's chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis represent an increasing epidemiological problem of the 21st century. Thyroid disease is estimated to affect approximately 7.0-9.0 per cent of the population up to the age of 60 years, and as much as 10.0-12.0 per cent after the age of 60 years. Hashimoto's disease is much more common among women of childbearing age, but it is also increasingly common among children and adolescents. The number of reported cases of autoimmune thyroiditis is steadily increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of female patients with Hashimoto's disease in selected closed online support groups for patients with thyroid disease. Materials and methods: A self-administered online survey questionnaire was used to conduct the study. Results: 321 women were enrolled in the study. The largest group of respondents, aged between 20 and 40 years, lived in cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants and had a university education. Hypothyroidism along with Hashimoto's disease was declared by the largest number of respondents. The respondents' main source of nutritional knowledge was the media; the level of knowledge was assessed as insufficient. Conclusions: There is a need to increase nutritional education among patients in order to reduce the incidence of disease complications, the development of other comorbidities and will allow for health-promoting effects during the pharmacotherapy process.

Introduction Ortoreksja nervosa is an eating disorder that can affect young people. It is characterized by excessive care for the quality of consumed products, also in terms of their positive effect on the human body. This type of food, both with high nutritional quality and health-promoting properties, includes products called ‘superfood’ (e.g. goji berries, chia seeds). Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the risk of orthorexia and to analyze attitudes towards ‘superfood’ among students from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Poland, and Wageningen University & Research (WUR) in Wageningen, The Netherlands Material and methods 240 students participated in the study. The risk of orthorexia was assessed on the basis of a validated ORTO-15 questionnaire, with a cut-off point of 35 points. Knowledge and attitudes towards ‘superfoods’ were evaluated based on the author’s questionnaire, including also questions about anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics. Results The examined groups of students were of a similar age (WULS 22.0 ± 3.0 years; WUR 22.8 ± 4.6 years), 75% of the respondents had normal body weight. About 30% of students from WULS and 26% from WUR showed the risk of orthorexia. The best-known products with health-promoting properties were: ginger, ginseng, chia seeds and aloe vera. In contrast, the most frequently consumed were ginger and turmeric. A relationship between orthorexia and superfood consumption was observed for goji berries, amaranth (WULS students) and ginseng (WUR students) Conclusions The relationship between orthorexia and the knowledge and consumption of superfoods products was shown only for 3 products. The obtained results could have been influenced by the small percentage of students with a confirmed risk of orthorexia in the study group. Therefore, to formulate binding conclusions about the relationship between orthoretic behaviour and the knowledge and consumption of superfoods products, further research on a bigger study group is recommended.

Due to the changes in modern lifestyle, it is more and more common that not only adults, but also children consume highly processed, unbalanced, ready-made meals. In contrast, the dietary supplements market is constantly enriched with new products that, according to their manufacturers, are to overcome the implications caused by such improper diet. The aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge and awareness of the use of dietary supplements intended for children, among a select group of parents. The research method employed a questionnaire assessing the level of knowledge and frequency of consumption, with an author's questionnaire serving as a research tool. Conducted within the municipality of Gdynia, in the period between July-September 2017 and April–May 2018, the study comprised a total of 239 persons who are parents of children aged 3 to 10 years. The majority of respondents demonstrated an appropriate level of knowledge and awareness of the use of children’s dietary supplements. The results of the research allowed segregating the study group into parents who contest the basis of administering supplements to children and those who supply their children with supplements in order make up for improper nutrition.

Introduction. Effective nutrition educationis a very important element of therapy of type 1 diabetes because it helps to maintain the metabolic control, prevents difficult-to-treat complications, and provides a better quality of life for patients. Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of nutrition education, based on a comparison of the knowledge level of patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy children and adolescents. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 60 girls and boys aged 11-17 years with type 1 diabetes, hospitalized in the Department of Diabetology at the SPDSK hospital in Warsaw. The control group included 60 healthy girls and boys aged 11-18 years, attending Warsaw schools. The study was conducted by means of diagnostic survey method. The authors used an original questionnaire. Results. For most questions, respondents from the study group answered correctly more oftenthan participants in the control group. The smallest discrepancies between the two groups were noted in the general knowledge about healthy nutrition (59% vs 45%). In case of nutrition issues characteristic for type 1 diabetes differences were about threefold (51% vs 16%). Furthermore, in the practical part approximately twofold difference in the percentage of correct responses was observed (72% vs 34%). Respondents from the study group more frequently answered correctly to the questions directly related to glycemic control. Nevertheless, the level of nutritional knowledge in the study group was insufficient. Conclusions. There is a strong need to intensify the nutrition education process among patients with type 1 diabetes, particularly in the field of practical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]