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Purpose. This study analyses the perceived benefits and barriers of e-commerce use by traditional micro, small, and medium beverage enterprises (SMEs). The research also identifies the level of e-commerce adoption by SMEs and further analyses the effect of benefits and barriers on e-commerce adoption levels in traditional beverage SMEs. Methodology / approach. This is quantitative research. This study examines the influence of benefits and barriers on the level of e-commerce adoption using statistical procedures. The object of the study is traditional beverage SMEs in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The research samples are 330 traditional beverage SMEs that have used e-commerce for at least a year. Samples are taken proportionally in five regencies and cities in Yogyakarta. Data collection using survey technique through interviews with SMEs. The indicators are measured using five Likert scales from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Analysis of perceived benefits and barriers of e-commerce use is carried out descriptively. The adoption level is measured by reference to the 6 levels of e-commerce. Analysis of the effect of benefits and barriers on the level of e-commerce adoption is carried out using multiple linear regression tests. Results. The results show that the benefits are highly perceived by SMEs: e-commerce facilitates interaction with consumers, facilitates data access, improves customer services, and eases online product distribution. Moderate barriers include limited mastery of knowledge and skills about e-commerce, inadequate mastery of foreign language skills, and SMEs’ tendency to depend on conventional marketing. The most e-commerce adoption level is level 4 (electronic transactions), followed by level 6 (site optimisation) and level 5 (relationship building). The study also confirms that benefits and barriers significantly affect e-commerce adoption levels. Originality / scientific novelty. This research was conducted based on the perceived benefits and barriers of e-commerce use by traditional beverage SMEs, which had never been carried out in the study area. This study reveals the fact of positive transition and expectations for increasing the level of e-commerce adoption at the SME level whereas previous studies show rather the opposite conditions. The study categorised e-commerce adoption levels into three categories (low, moderate, and high) based on the 6 stages model of e-commerce adoption. Practical value / implications. Efforts to provide solutions are necessary to encourage the level of e-commerce adoption through intensive socialsation, motivation, training, and mentoring to improve knowledge and skills on e-commerce and foreign language skills as well as encourage e-commerce to become a daily culture for SMEs.

Purpose. This study aims to determine whether entrepreneurial characteristics and social network sites affect innovation performance of millennial farmers in Central Java, with dynamic capability as a mediation variable. Methodology / approach. A case study of millennial farmers in Central Java was conducted with a sample of 135 respondents. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique, they have been in agricultural businesses for at least two years, and registered as millennial farmers ambassadors. The method of data analysis was Structural Equation Modeling, with Partial Least Squares serving as the analytical tool. Results. The results showed that demographics and social network sites of entrepreneur had no direct effect on innovation performance, while personality showed a significant effect. Dynamic capability variable moderately mediated between personality and innovation performance indirectly. A successful millennial farmer on innovation must have a strong entrepreneurial character. A strong entrepreneurial mindset is necessary for effective business management. Self-confidence, willingness to take risks, a grand vision, and superior creativity are required to achieve dynamic capability in driving change and innovation within the business. Millennial farmers must also think and act dynamically following technological developments and changing business environments. Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty lies in the exploration of innovation performance of millennial farmers, which has not been extensively examined. Although several studies have been conducted previously, the investigation into millennial farmers in Indonesia imparts a distinctive characteristic. Millennial farmers represent the future generation in the agricultural sector, but their contribution to the economy is decreasing. Previous studies tested social network sites and entrepreneurial personality in separate studies. However, this study examines social network sites as external factors and entrepreneur personality and demographics as internal factors that influencing innovation performance. This is done to provide a more comprehensive picture of the factors that drive innovation performance. Therefore, examining their innovation performance comprehensively aims to understand the affecting factors and take action for improvements. Testing and categorising the effect of dynamic capability as a mediating variable also enriched early studies. Practical value / implications. The results provided a scholarly contribution by enriching the discourse on entrepreneurship and its effect on business performance. This research is useful for millennial farmers to win the competition and strengthen their competitive advantage.

Purpose. This research aims to assess the motivational factors in creating an innovation culture in agribusiness of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) by examining the organizational perspective, including organizational culture, organizational learning, market orientation, and attitude to innovation culture. Methodology / approach. A random cluster sampling method was used to select 100 agribusiness MSMEs in Sukoharjo Regency. This research considered exogenous latent variables, such as organizational culture, organizational learning, market orientation, and attitudes toward intention to innovate. The endogenous latent variables used were innovation intentions and innovation culture. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tools. Results. The results showed that organizational culture, market orientation, and attitudes influenced the intention to innovate, while the level of organizational learning did not. The intention to innovate, in turn, had a significant effect on innovative behavior, as shown in the performance of agribusiness companies. This innovative behavior was reflected in the emergence of new ideas to enhance the business, including the development of new product variants, the utilization of e-commerce for sales, and the improvement of production technology to increase cost efficiency. Therefore, there was a relationship between cultural innovation and company performance. Originality / scientific novelty. This research model was built based on behavioral theory and organizational culture, taking into account the difficulty and time required to develop an innovative culture within agribusiness MSMEs. These enterprises have organizational features different from medium and large companies. The objective of this research was to change the mindset of agribusiness MSMEs towards innovation, where innovation was no longer viewed as an option but rather a condition for success. Innovation became a value in fostering organizational culture. Practical value / implications. The practical implications of the findings were that agribusiness MSMEs should focus on efforts such as adapting to external changes, involving all employees, consistency, and a clear and long-term business vision to promote innovation. This positive attitude towards innovation could create a culture of innovation within the company, enabling MSME agribusiness to compete and develop into a better company.

This article explores the research problem of building loyalty of tourists towards sports events and tourist destinations, whose roots are in behavioral marketing. The work includes an overview of literature focused on tourist loyalty towards a sports event, and further on – towards a tourist destination. It presents the concepts which made it possible to create assumptions for conducting empirical research during the 6th Poznan Half Marathon. The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing the spectators’ loyalty towards this event and subsequently towards the destination. The study focused on the attempt to determine whether loyalty can be built also among sports fans, because foreign language publications are typically concerned with athletes. It appears that the conducted research confirms the assumptions adopted on the basis of the literature and proves that the loyalty of a sports fan towards the event is influenced by: motivations for passive participation in the event (push and pull), socio-demographic factors, and a sense of satisfaction from supporting the athletes, who are often close to them.

Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by T-cell-mediated attack on hair follicles. Objective. Evaluation of efficacy of 308 nm excimer light in the treatment of alopecia areata. Material and methods. Patches of AA were treated twice weekly, but not on 2 consecutive days, with UVB excimer 308 nm light. In all patients, half of the AA patch was irradiated and the other half was spared, covered with a black rubber shield and taken as a control. Therapy was started with an initial dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 , with an incremental dose of 100 mJ/cm 2 at every sitting until fine erythema appeared. Results. At the end of the treatment, one patient (3.33%) at the test site showed > 50% hair regrowth vs. none at the control site. After a 2-month post-treatment period, successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 12 patients at test sites and in 2 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 4 months successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 16 patients at test sites and in 5 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions. Excimer light has the potential to stimulate hair regrowth in patches of alopecia areata.

Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves hair follicles, and sometimes nails, caused by a T-cell mediated autoimmune mechanism. Current treatment modalities include corticosteroids (oral, topical or intralesional), minoxidil, contact sensitizers (DNCB, DPCP and SADBE), immunosuppressants (methotrexate or azathioprine), DMARDs (sulfasalazine), and phototherapy. Objective. To compare the efficacy of excimer light therapy, intralesional triamcinolone and 5% topical minoxidil. Material and methods. After taking consent, 40 patients were treated with excimer light, 46 patients with intralesional triamcinolone injection and 14 patients with 5% topical minoxidil. The results were compared by their photographs taken prior to treatment, at 2 months and 6 months of follow-up. Results. Among the excimer group, 21/32 (61.76%) patients with a single patch and 1/6 (16.67%) with multiple patches achieved > 50% hair regrowth. In the triamcinolone group, 23/30 (76.67%) with a single patch and 10/16 (62.5%) with multiple patches achieved > 50% hair regrowth, and in the minoxidil group, 4/12 (33.33%) with a single patch and none, i.e. 0/2, with multiple patches achieved > 50% regrowth. Conclusions. After comparing the efficacy of excimer light therapy, intralesional triamcinolone and 5% minoxidil, it was concluded that intralesional triamcinolone seems to be the most efficacious. Multiple AA patches were more resistant than a single patch. Scalp response was much better than beard.