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“HOW IS IT DELIGHTFUL WHEN IT IS NOT?”: ON THE TRANSLATIONS OF THE 55TH SURA OF THE KORAN AR-RAḤMĀN – THE MERCIFUL The Koran is not only the holy book of Islam, but also one of the most important literary works of classical Arabic literature. Muslims and people who know Arabic emphasize the extraordinary beauty of this text, written in rhymed and rhythmic prose. 55 sura of the Koran, Ar-Raḥmān (The Merciful) is widely regarded, both in Muslim and Orientalist circles, as one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful, sura of the Koran from the artistic point of view. This is mainly due to the presence of a kind of “refrain” in this sura, which, of course, also has a semantic role in the context of the content of this fragment of the holy book of Muslims. The subject of the article is, first of all, a comparative analysis of the translation of this sura, and first of all of the refrain, in selected translations of the Koran into Polish, German, French and Russian. The analysis focuses not on the way of presenting the content, but on whether the authors of the translations tried to reflect the undoubted beauty of the sound of the Koranic text, which is supposed to delight not only with its content, but also its form, and translators usually have huge problems with this. The conclusions resulting from this analysis have a broader meaning, because analogous problems also arise in the case of ancient Arabic poetry and some other literary genres, primarily maqāma.

Not only Houris: wildān muḫalladūn and ġilmān in the Koran and Muslim Religious Literature In descriptions and discussions of the Muslim concept of paradise, much space is always devoted to the famous – as well as infamous – Houris. My article, however, is devoted to another paradise thread, that is, an analysis of fragments of the Koran where “immortal youths” (wildān muḫalladūn) are mentioned. These are verses 56: 17–19 and 76: 19. In slightly different words (ḡilmān muḫalladūn) they are also referred to in verse 52: 24. This topic has not yet been sufficiently covered in the studies in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies. Christian Luxenberg devoted some space to him in his controversial work on the Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran. Much more space has been devoted to “immortal youths” by Muslim scholars, both classical and modern, not avoiding references to the ambiguities that may arise in connection with these verses.

The article presents Józef Korycki, called Janosik Podlaski, described in the accounts of his three friends. The source material was developed with the biographical method and subjected to critical analysis. The accounts revealed the axiological ambiguity of Korycki’s activities, as well as the differences in opinions about his activities. In the eyes of the communist propaganda, Janosik Podlaski was a common criminal. However, in the memory of friends he remained a good man, loyal to his homeland and devoted to the Podlasie community. In addition to presenting the recollections of Korycki, the article offers a clear interpretation of activities of this outstanding man. Artykuł prezentuje postać Józefa Koryckiego, zwanego Janosikiem Podlaskim, opisaną na podstawie relacji trójki jego przyjaciół. Pozyskany w ten sposób materiał został opracowany w oparciu o metodę biograficzną i poddany krytycznej analizie. Relacje uwidoczniły niejednoznaczność aksjologiczną działalności Koryckiego, a także wynikającą z tego rozbieżność ocen prowadzonych przezeń działań. Ukazały zależność dotyczących jego osoby i czynów sądów wartościujących od perspektywy postrzegania. W ujęciu propagandy komunistycznych władz, Janosik Podlaski przedstawiany był, jako pospolity kryminalista. Natomiast w pamięci przyjaciół pozostał dobrym człowiekiem, wiernym ojczyźnie i oddanym podlaskiej społeczności. Artykuł ma na celu, oprócz prezentacji wspomnień o Koryckim, także przybliżenie rozstrzygnięcia dylematu w historycznej ocenie tej nieprzeciętnej postaci.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działań poprzedzających wprowadzenie Polityki Otwartego Dostępu wobec publikacji naukowych na Politechnice Krakowskiej (PK). Działania, których skutkiem było przyjęcie otwartego mandatu na PK, obejmowały m.in.: przygotowanie infrastruktury informatycznej – w tym utworzenie Repozytorium PK, opracowanie dokumentów prawnych, udostępnienie rozpraw doktorskich, wprowadzenie otwartych licencji dla czasopism naukowych wydawanych na PK, działania informacyjne i edukacyjne w zakresie OA. Prace te realizowano zgodnie z wytycznymi zawartymi w dokumentach rządowych oraz na podstawie praktycznych rozwiązań zrealizowanych w instytucjach naukowych. Konsekwencją tych działań było wprowadzenie, na mocy zarządzenia Rektora PK z dnia 22 marca 2019 roku, Polityki Otwartego Dostępu na PK. W podsumowaniu omówiono również dane przedstawione w pierwszym Raporcie z realizacji Polityki Otwartego Dostępu na Politechnice Krakowskiej.

Podróże kształcą, pozwalają poznać „innego” – zarówno obojętnego „Innego”, jak i przyjaciela czy wroga. Bardzo specyficznym przykładem podróży, które pozwalają poznać „Innego” jako wroga są wyprawy wojenne. Jedna z wojen, toczonych przez Europejczyków na kontynencie afrykańskim w XIX wieku będzie przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania. To wojna hiszpańsko-marokańska z lat 1859–1860, zwana także „wojną afrykańską” lub „wojną tetuańską”. Jest ona bodaj najlepiej opisanym w europejskich źródłach wydarzeniem z dziejów Maroka. Wojna tetuańska znalazła swoje szerokie odzwierciedlenie w kilku relacjach, z których w artykule wezmę pod uwagę trzy, pochodzące z rozmaitych krajów: hiszpańską: Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, Diario de un testigo de la guerra de África, Madrid 1859; brytyjską: Frederic Hardman, The Spanish Campaign in Morocco, Edinburgh and London 1860 i niemiecką: Eduard Schlagintweit, Der spanisch-marokkanische Krieg in den Jahren 1859 und 1860, Leipzig 1863. Wśród autorów mamy wojskowego uczestniczącego w wojnie (Schlagintweit), jak pisarzy, którzy znaleźli się w Maroku jako korespondenci wojenni (Hardman i de Alarcón). Wojna ta była pierwszym konfliktem, który został obszernie udokumentowany zarówno na piśmie, jak i graficznie oraz fotograficznie przez korespondentów, znalazł także swoje odzwierciedlenie w malarstwie.

Artykuł obejmuje transkrypcję i edycję fragmentu chamaiłu Aleksandrowicza (rękopis tatarski z XIX w.) zatytułowanego „Opisanie dni miesięcznych”. Fragment ten stanowi odrębną całość, dotyczącą wierzeń Tatarów polsko-litewskich, związanych z poszczególnymi dniami miesiąca, obejmujących wydarzenia z historii świętej islamu, jakie nastąpiły w poszczególnych dniach, oraz prognostyki z nimi związane. Tekst jest publikowany po raz pierwszy, bezpośrednio z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach biblioteki Wydziału Orientalistycznego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

The Arabic literature from the period of the Ottoman Empire’s rule over the Middle East and Maghreb is not well known and poorly investigated, which in consequence leads to a popular suggestiong about cetain cultural gap in the development of the Arabic-Muslin civilization between XVI and XIX century. This paper is an attempt to fill this painful gap. It is devoted to the writings of Sa’id al-Mindasi, one of the greatest Arabic poets of Algeria at the turn of the XVII century. The first and the second parts of the paper give a general description of Algeria and its literature under the Ottoman rule. Part three is devoted to Al-Mindasi himself and his writings in the Arabic literary language and a specific form of the written language from that period, which is positioned between the literary and the dialectical language. This kind of works is known by the name of malhun. In the context of malhun, special emphasis has been put on a vast Al-Mindasi’s poem entitled Al-Aqiqa, which to this day is one of the most popular Maghrebian panegryics in honor of the Prophet Muhammad.

The article deals with the half-legendary Quss Ibn Sa’ida from an ancient North Arab tribe Iyad, who is believed to have been a bishop of the Yemeni city of Najran and a monk (anachorete). The sources from the Quranic and medieval Arab (Muslim) tradition are gathered and analysed to underline the vivid place that Quss had in later historiography and theological works, and his unique position, a Christian, in the history of the Arab-Muslim culture. The case of Quss is not without value as far as the problem of common historical memory is concerned.

Copyright of Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article shows how the Polish Senate's electoral rivalry has changed after the electoral reform in 2011, when a plurality rule in single-seat constituencies was introduced. Based on the analysis of the election results, it was shown how individual parliamentary parties adjusted to the new realities. In particular, it was checked to what extent these changes led to phenomena commonly recognized in political science - polarization, duopolization and disproportionality as well as division into safe and marginal (swing) districts. The analysis focused on the strategies of political parties. It turns out that the reform resulted in a few expected phenomena. At the same time, there were clear deviations from the predictions, resulting from the fact that the Senate elections were of a secondary importance. One of the reasons behind the deviations was additional uncertainty in the Senate's rivalry introduced by the fuzzy configurations of political alliances, especially regarding the nominations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows how the Polish Senate's electoral rivalry has changed after the electoral reform in 2011, when a plurality rule in single-seat constituencies was introduced. Based on the analysis of the election results, it was shown how individual parliamentary parties adjusted to the new realities. In particular, it was checked to what extent these changes led to phenomena commonly recognized in political science - polarization, duopolization and disproportionality as well as division into safe and marginal (swing) districts. The analysis focused on the strategies of political parties. It turns out that the reform resulted in a few expected phenomena. At the same time, there were clear deviations from the predictions, resulting from the fact that the Senate elections were of a secondary importance. One of the reasons behind the deviations was additional uncertainty in the Senate's rivalry introduced by the fuzzy configurations of political alliances, especially regarding the nominations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In descriptions and discussions of the Muslim concept of paradise, much space is always devoted to the famous - as well as infamous - Houris. My article, however, is devoted to another paradise thread, that is, an analysis of fragments of the Koran where "immortal youths" (wildān muḫalladūn) are mentioned. These are verses 56: 17-19 and 76: 19. In slightly different words (ḡilmān muḫalladūn) they are also referred to in verse 52: 24. This topic has not yet been sufficiently covered in the studies in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies. Christian Luxenberg devoted some space to him in his controversial work on the Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran. Much more space has been devoted to "immortal youths" by Muslim scholars, both classical and modern, not avoiding references to the ambiguities that may arise in connection with these verses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Decyzje is the property of Decyzje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Decyzje is the property of Decyzje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses the origins and tradition of disinfection process application in water treatment systems paying special attention to its complexity and methodological problems. Disinfection was presented as the main objective of water treatment technology that guarantees safe microbiological water quality. A new approach to the process of disinfection was proposed as a result of the expansion of its functions and objectives as a foundation for drinking water quality safety. It was demonstrated that disinfection should become an integral part of the whole water supply system, comprising both water treatment technology and distribution system. Such an approach results from the position of disinfection process in the system, as an indirect link between the technological system and distribution network. The concept also assumes use of disinfection to monitor and diagnose safety of the water supply system as a whole. Attention was also paid to the research tasks accompanying design and operation of the disinfection process in combination with a reliable evaluation of biological water stability in water networks. The article presents the analysis of methodological criteria of the disinfection process affecting chemical oxidant and dose selection, contact time, dosing site location as well as by-product identification and reduction in their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Decyzje is the property of Decyzje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Optimal implementation of technological processes related to water intake requires application of advanced control systems and modern computer tools. Previously developed control algorithms for water intakes were limited to selected devices (e.g. pumps, valves). Therefore, description of the control algorithms of the entire system that would take into account changes in the hydrogeological conditions in the long term was missing. The paper presents a methodical concept of infiltration water intake control that takes into account processes at all operational levels. For this purpose, an analysis was conducted assuming a hierarchical structure of the intake operational process, singling out and describing the three layers: device control, production planning and intake management. Description of the multilayer structure was supplemented with the data flow diagram required for determining the intake operation control. Also, it was indicated how to employ modern tools for practical implementation of the developed concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Decyzje is the property of Decyzje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)