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Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ranslation of culinary products is a topic that is often taken up in research. Culinary names appearing on the menus are a special case, as they have individual features in the composition of the names. The aim of the article is to make an attempt at the typology of mistakes in the field of Polish-German translation of culinary products based on the selected menus and to establish a diagnosis of the causes of mistakes. A review of reality shows that many Polish restaurants make mistakes in translating culinary products into German. The empirical basis are 31 Polish menus from restaurants in three Polish cities: Wrocław and Szklarska Poręba in Lower Silesia and Świnoujście in West Pomerania. Three different regions of Poland were studied. The focus is on translation mistakes and their types as well as the diagnosis of the causes of these mistakes. The article begins with the theoretical part and explains such terms as menu, type of text, mistakes and culinary. The objective includes the following questions: Which translation strategies are used in the translation of culinary products? Which mistakes are made during the translation? What types of mistakes occur with other types? The results of the analysis are presented in a tabular form. More than 1200 mistakes were found. Using selected examples, the analysis is carried out with the aim of typologizing the mistakes and pointing out translation strategies in the mentioned area. The classification of mistakes by Andrzej Markowski and the omission as a mistake type by Krzysztof Hejwowski are taken into account for the purposes of the analysis. It can be concluded that restaurants use different translation strategies in the case of culinary products, which result in many incorrect translations. In the light of the material analysed, it must also be stressed that Polish restaurants do not attach great importance to translating culinary products into German. This article is therefore intended as an example of practice-based analysis.

This article is about language used in menus. The recently changing approach to cooking and eating is also reflected in language that describes food. Restaurant menus are a clear example of this. It is because eating, i. e. experiencing the taste of dishes, does not only take using our tongue, but it also involves using language. Some restaurant owners are aware of the relationship between taste and word, which is reflected in the way some dishes are described in menu cards offered to customers. The purpose of the article is to analyse menus of selected restaurants and to show some linguistic tricks used by restaurant owners to encourage customers to eat in their restaurants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula/ Vistula University Working Papers is the property of Vistula University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An adequately balanced daily food rations providing the organism with a sufficient amount of energy and nutrients, is particularly important in early childhood due to the child's intensive physical and intellectual development. Kindergarten's meals should realise 75% of recommended daily allowances. The aim of this study was the energetic and nutritional evaluation of meals served in the chosen kindergarten in Wrocław based on theoretical analysis of the menus using the Dietician 2 computer program. Energetic value, content of basic nutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates), anti-oxidative vitamins (A and C) and selected mineral ingredients (Ca and Fe) was calculated for forty kindergarten menus of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The average caloric value of a food rations was at a correct level in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Exceeds standards in autumn. It has been shown that children diet is marked by a low content of calcium in spring and summer. Excessice consumption was found for vitamins A and C and iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The percentage of older people in Poland and in the world has been resing which determines the need to pay more attention to their diet. One of the problems in this age group is connected with improper nutrition. Appropriate nutrition of elderly people has an effect on slowing down the process of biological aging as well as physiological and pathological changes. The aim of this study was the energetic and nutritional evaluation of diets, administered in a chosen nursing home residents of the Lower Silesia area based on theoretical analysis of the menus using the Diet 5D computer program. The energy values, contents of protein, fat, carbohydrates, selected mineral ingredients (Ca and Fe) and vitamins (A, C, B1) were calculated for forty menus of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Data were compared with nutritional standards. High energy intake was noticed in the group of both women and men. The evaluation of nutritional value of the menus demonstrated several irregularities against the standards. In the menus incorrectness was found connected with too big - due to the norms - intake of fats. High dietary content of iron and vitamins A, C, B1 was found. The diet was characterized by low content of calcium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate nutrition is one of the main factors determining the proper functioning of the body. It influences slowing down the aging process as well as the course of common diseases. The hospital diet should fulfill high nutrition standards and should be treated during the stay in hospital, as an integral part of therapeutic treatment. The aim of this study was the energetic and nutritional assessment of hospital diets, administered in a chosen hospital of the Lower Silesia area based on theoretical analysis of the decade menus. The computer program Dietician 2, designed in the Institute of Food and Nutrition in Warsaw was used for calculations. Easily digestible diet was analyzed. The energy values, contents of protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, cholesterol, fatty acids, mineral ingredients: Ca, Fe, vitamins: A, C, salt were calculated for forty hospital menus of four seasons. Data were compared with food recommendations. The caloric value and contents of protein, carbohydrates and fiber in menus met the obligatory standards. The research showed low contents of calcium, iron and vitamin C. High dietary content of fats, cholesterol and vitamin A was found. The findings did not show any differences in supply of energy and other nutritional ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriately selected hospital diet gives a favorable state of health and should be treated during stay in hospital as an integral part, which determines the efficacy of therapeutic treatment and recovery period. The aim of this study was the energetic and nutritional evaluation of hospital diets, administered in a chosen hospital of the Lower Silesia area based on theoretical analysis of the menus using the Dietician 2 computer program. The energy values, contents of protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, mineral ingredients: Ca, Fe, vitamins: A, C, salt were calculated for forty hospital menus of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The caloric value and contents of carbohydrates or fiber in food rations met the obligatory standards. The evaluation of nutritional value of the menus demonstrated several irregularities against the standards. The diet was characterized by low contents of protein, calcium and vitamin C. In the menus incorrectness was found connected with too big - due to the norms - intake of fats. High dietary content of vitamin A was found. The obtained results confirm that it is necessary to continuously promote knowledge of rational nutrition principles among hospital staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition is one of the most important factors assuring normal growth and development of children. Kindergarten's meals should realise 75% of recommended daily allowances. The aim of this study was the energetic and nutritional evaluation of meals served in the kindergarten based on theoretical analysis of the menus using the Diet 4D computer program. The energy values, contents of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins: A, C, B12, mineral ingredients: Ca, Fe were calculated for forty kindergarten menus of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The average caloric value of a food ration was at a correct level. High dietary content of vitamin A and B12 was found. The deficient intake in relation to the standards was observed for calcium, iron and vitamin C. The results indicate the need for nutritional education for the kindergarten staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition is one of the most important factors assuring normal growth and development of children. Kindergarten's meals should realise 75% of recommended daily allowances. The aim of this study is the energetic and nutritional evaluation of meals served in the kindergarten based on theoretical analysis of the menus using the Diet 4D computer program. The energy values, contents of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins: A, C, mineral ingredients: Ca, Fe were calculated for forty kindergarten menus of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In the rations incorrectness was found connected with excessive - due to the norms - consumption of energy, fats and carbohydrates. The deficient intake in relation to the standards was observed for calcium and vitamin C. High dietary content of vitamin A was found. The results indicate the need for nutritional education for the kindergarten staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)