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Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In her famous book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot describes not only scientific importance of using HeLa cells in biomedical research, but also the fact that the cells were obtained from Henrietta without her knowledge nor consent. Because the Lacks family was Black the case is repeatedly described as an example of ‘Medical Apartheid’ (Batelaan, 2021). 70 years after Lacks’ death the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that vaccine hesitancy among Black communities in the US may have political roots dating back to slavery. According to Quinn et al., only 40% of Black adults were ready to be vaccinated at the beginning of 2021 (Padamsee et al., 2022) and death rates from COVID-19 are still very high among these groups (Ajasa, 2021). As some scholars argue, the tendency may result from political distrust of Black groups towards official public health measures against the pandemic (Woko, Siegel, Hornik, 2020; Restrepo, Krouse, 2022). Therefore, public health response regarding vaccinations becomes an important field of non-institutional politics where social distrust towards this medical procedure mirrors political distrust of Black communities towards the government. The paper explores the main features of anti-vaccinal movement among Black population in the US and argues that during the COVID-19 pandemic the field of public health may be more politically-sensitive than it had ever been before.

POLISH MPS’ RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN EXAMPLE OF SCIENTIFICATION OF POLITICAL DEBATE? As compared to other complex social processes, scientification of public discourse is a phenomenon which is not well described in social sciences. Frequently, the idea of scientification is understood as methodological changes within social sciences which bring them closer to natural sciences and, in this sense, is related to traditional Positivist approach. In the article, the meaning of the term has been changed in order to describe a situation in which public political discourse is being transformed in such a way that, in effect, it resembles scientific discourse. This change in understanding the meaning of the idea of scientification has been presented on the example of an analysis of Polish MPs’ statements at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Poland in 2020.

This article presents the results of the impact of inflation on relative price volatility based on data from Poland in the period 2011 Q3-2020 Q4. In order to investigate this relationship, CPI data for 12 main groups of the inflation basket are used. The estimates showed that in the case of unexpected inflation, its significant impact on the RPV movements is noticeable, which, in turn, cannot be noticed in the case of expected inflation. Moreover, the functional form indicates a U-shaped relationship in the case of the RPV relation and unexpected inflation. The use of survey measures of forecasted inflation allows for a comprehensive view of the relation between the RPV and inflation.(original abstract)

Following up some earlier and contemporary interpretative approaches, the study tries to see the novel of J. Hasek Good soldier Svejk as a literary work that anticipates many principles of the post-modern poetics. At the same time, it demonstrates how the literary mystification - moving between the amplitudes of ingenuity and stupidity, nobility and banality - is a source of a special type of humour that is characteristic of Czech culture in the 20th century. The representatives of this type of humour and mystification are Hasek's Josef Svejk and a fictitious Czech artist and inventor Jara da Cimrman who is the central character by many plays in Z. Sverak and L. Smoljak - the playwrights of the Theatre of Jara (da) Cimrman in Prague.

Interpersonal communication skills in the patient – nurse relationship seem to be crucial in the whole care process. Nowadays, nurses’ reluctance to the phrase “sister” is becoming more and more visible. The aim of the work was to get to know nurses’ opinions on various forms of patients’ addressing them, and to assess which form is the most appropriate and why. The research was carried out in November and December 2017 at the nurses’ workplaces, such as hospitals and clinics. 115 people were included. The test method was a diagnostic survey. In the research, the following factors were adopted as independent variables: professional experience, type of school completed, occupied position and mode of work. A questionnaire was used, and the research tool was a questionnaire of own authorship. The chi-squared independence test was used to develop statistical research. The Cramér test was used to measure the magnitude of the compound’s strength in the case of rejecting the null hypothesis of independence. On the basis of the conducted research, it was stated that nurses do not accept the “sister” form of address. They also do not accept diminutive, overly polite forms. The studies showed a relationship between seniority, position, work mode and the choice of the best form of address to the nurse and acceptance of the phrase “sister”.

The author of the article tries to connect opinions on time of some modem and post-modem philosophers and sociologists of the 19th and 20th centuries (Hegel, Marx, Bergson, Foucault, Baudrillard, Bauman, Deleuze, Bćlohradsky, Mizińska...) with some texts of Czech and world, modem and postmodem literaturę (particularly with drama) of the same time: A. and V. Mrstikove - Rok na vsi; K. Toman - Mćsice; M. Proust - A la re- cherche du temps perdu; S. Beckett - En attendant Godot, Fin de partie, Krapp's Last Tape, Nouvelles et Textes pour rien; K. Śiktanc - Ćesky orloj; V. Macura - Ten, ktery budę; M. Ravenhill - Shopping and Fucking, Faust (Faust is dead); S. Kane - 4.48 Psy- chosis; M. HoroSćak-Vafenyhlavy aneb „Dćvće, tobS na kozach tanći smrt“; W. Mastrosimone - Like Totally Weird. It is obvious that time is incorporated in the titles of most of these works.

Artykuł koncentruje się na problematyce koncepcji estetycznych i ich twórczych realizacji w latach czterdziestych XIX wieku, po tzw. przełomie towianistycznym, w dramatach autora Balladyny. Z tej perspektywy intrygująca wydaje się figura Mickiewicza − domniemanego odbiorcy późnej twórczości Słowackiego, w tym dramatu pt. Ksiądz Marek, uznawanego za najbardziej towianistyczne dzieło poety. Wychodząc od próby odtworzenia domniemanej lektury tekstu Słowackiego przez Mickiewicza, ponawiam w tekście pytanie o milczenie profesora w Collège de France na temat twórczości Słowackiego − zwłaszcza tej późnej, z lat czterdziestych, która powinna być bliska Mickiewiczowi. Zadaję je w kontekście intrygującego faktu przemilczenia przez autora Dziadów własnej twórczości w prelekcjach paryskich.

The text is an interpretation of Stanisław Barańczak’s poem From the introduction to a phrasebook. The reading of the lyric reveals a basic organizing opposition, i.e. the dichotomy of “liquidity” (“shallowness”) and “depth”. The final parts of the interpretation present the role of poetic language (defined through modernistic concepts) as a language that gives the opportunity to counter the aporia inherent in every act of communication.

Цифрова цивілізація розвивається все стрімкіше, а сучасні технології захоплюють усі сфери, в яких функціонує людина. Якість життя окремих осіб, занурених у різноманітні соціальні мережі, не залежить від їхнього віку, але визначається рівнем персональних інформаційних компетенцій. Незважаючи на принади віртуального світу й можливості, які він створює, у ньому закладено також певні небезпеки, а то і смертельні пастки для деяких його споживачів. Нині дуже популярні соціальні медіа. Молодь надзвичайно активно користується їхніми зручностями, проте не бракує й зрілих осіб, які ледь не щодня беруть участь у численних дискусіях на різних форумах «Фейсбуку». Оскільки користування таким соціальним порталом має багато переваг, не можна не згадати і про певні вади, що випливають з невластивого споживання останніх. Однією з часто порушуваних як в літературі, так і в реальному житті тем є ситуації, коли користувачі «Фейсбуку» уживають в стосунку до інших людей в мережі так званий hate speech, мову ненависті, тобто підбирають відповідну лексику з метою збудження нетерпимості або інших форм шельмування особи, групи осіб чи будь-якого іншого суб’єкта. Мова ненависті може набувати різних форм і у польській правничій системі вона трактується як злочин. Адміністратори «Фейсбуку» намагаються перешкоджати поведінці, що обумовлюється мовою ненависті, однак це дуже не легка справа. Останні дослідження свідчать, що з 2,5 млн різного роду ненависницьких текстів вдалося знешкодити лише 38 %, що у свою чергу вказує на неефективність нинішніх алгоритмів «Фейсбуку» з розв’язання цієї проблеми. Про її істотність йдеться у поданій нижче статті, мета якої — характеристика мови ненависті у соціальних медіа на прикладі «Фейсбуку». Аналізується поняття hate speech, а через нього вплив такої мови на психіку людини. При цьому автор вдавався до дескрипцій (описів) поведінки користувачів, що інколи має місце у «Фейсбуку» як найбільш відомому і популярному соціальному медіа.

The paper tackles the problem of the role and importance of media in the lives of elderly people. It takes into account the concept of media, both traditional ones like radio and television from the sociological point of view, and modern ones like the Internet as a universal tool. Media have been noticed in the lives of seniors as a past memory and a link to modern times. The research conducted on a small group showed resources of technical media in seniors’ households and presented the seniors’ attitudes to the information and pictures of reality provided by the media. New media are on the border of habits and everyday routines of these people and completely new technologies which are brought about by modern times. In the context of so many economic, civilizational, political and social transformations as well as a dynamic development of media, their deep embedment in the lives of elderly people is shown. There is no doubt that irrespective of age, there is a strong need for lifelong learning in the process of forming awareness of the contents provided by communicators and widely understood media. A very important thing is to show possibilities of the used media to promote education at different levels and in different forms. It should be noted that this type of research is still a challenge for today’s researchers and a task which, despite numerous difficulties, is worthwhile. The problems raised in this paper are a starting point for further research which is particularly interesting and important in the context of changes within broadly understood culture, media technology and media convergence. The demographic trend entails certain economic consequences, and with them social ones, because it requires the adoption of radical actions in public policy, especially in the field of health or education.

Modern technology generates new phenomena, both positive and negative. The positive aspects include the improvement of human existence in a social dimension, its ties and relationships and abilities. To the negative should include the various dependencies, which in foreign literature are called cyberworms. The latter is especially true for young people who can spend more than ten hours a day in front of computers, tablets or smartphones. As far as the scope of digital technology has undoubtedly increased dramatically, so many of the latter bear a very devastating impact on young people. Digital dementia, which is often described in foreign literature, has become indisputable fact. With it is associated a new phenomenon — the so-called phenomenon of the hikikоmori. In Polish literature, this concept is not yet defined, and in the western it is used to refer to the so-called disease of civilization, which is more common inJapan. The main purpose of the article is to show the phenomenon of the hikikоmori as an online form of dependence, coverage of its implication and prevention methods. Applied research methods here are an analysis of the content of Polish and foreign literature, supplemented by observations and reflections of the author himself. Persons affected by the disease of the hikikomory fall out of professional or social life by limiting contacts or termination, or even the complete dissolution of all social ties. Individuals do not develop their interests, throw hobbies, do not engage in sports, painfully avoid any communication, and communicate with the outside world exclusively through telephone or Internet. The article deals with the phenomenon that is spreading in the Japanese society under the name of the hikikomori (seclusion). It analyzes its origins, predicts the consequences, follows the relationship with social networks. It is thought that the hikikomory is a kind of cyber threat, against which an antidote should be developed.

Juraszek Karolina, Hagner-Derengowska Magdalena, Hoffmann Magdalena, Kalisz Zdzisława, Zukow Walery. Wpływ pracy zawodowej na występowanie zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa na przykładzie pielęgniarek województwa kujawsko – pomorskiego = The impact of work on the occurrence of back pains on the example of nurses in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voievodeship. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):504-521. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60944 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3788 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2016. Revised 08.08.2016. Accepted: 25.08.2016. Wpływ pracy zawodowej na występowanie zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa na przykładzie pielęgniarek województwa kujawsko – pomorskiego The impact of work on the occurrence of back pains on the example of nurses in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voievodeship Karolina Juraszek2, 4, Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska1, 2, Magdalena Hoffmann3, Zdzisława Kalisz2, Walery Zukow5 1. Katedra Neuropsychologii Klinicznej Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 2. Bydgoska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy 3. Uniwersyteckie Centrum Kliniczne w Gdańsku, Klinika Nadciśnienia Tętniczego i Diabetologii 4. Centrum Onkologii im. prof. F. Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy, Zakład Rehabilitacji 5. Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Słowa kluczowe: praca, zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa, pielęgniarki Key words: work, back pain, nurses Streszczenie Zdrowie człowieka w dużym stopniu determinują czynniki środowiskowe, wśród których ogromny wpływ na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie wywiera charakter wykonywanej pracy i obciążenia jakie za sobą niesie. Obecnie jedną z głównych schorzeń pracowników podmiotów leczniczych są przeciążenia układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego, wśród których zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa stanowią drugą pod względem częstości przyczynę absencji w pracy. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 205 zawodowo czynnych pielęgniarek z różnych grup wiekowych. W grupie badanych pielęgniarek badania wykazały niepokojąco mały odstetek osób posiadająych wiedzę na temat norm dźwiagania cieżarów u kobiet. Również nie wszystkie pielęgniarki znają i przyjmują prawidłową pozycję podczas dźwiagania pacjentów. Mimo to są zdania, że posiadają potrzebną wiedzę odnośnie ergonomii i profilaktyki w pracy. Analiza występowania zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa w grupie pielęgniarek potwierdziła niekorzystny wpływ pracy na organizm, jak również nakreślila podłoże problemu związane nie tylko ze specyfiką wykonywanych czynności w pracy, ale również z niedostatecznym przeszkoleniem odnośnie bezpieczeństwa i profilaktyki przeciążenia narządu ruchu na stanowisku pracy. Abstract Human health is largely determined by the environmental factors, among which the nature of the work and load that it carries has a huge impact on the proper functioning of the body. Currently one of the major diseases of health service employees is overload of the musculoskeletal system, including back pain as a second most common cause of absenteeism. The study group consisted of 205 professionally active nurses from different age groups. In the surveyed group of nurses studies showed an alarmingly small percentage of people aware of lifting standards for women. Also, not all nurses know and assume the correct position when lifting patients. The occurrence of back pains in the group of nurses confirmed the negative impact of work on the body. It outlined the base of the problem related not only to the specific nature of activities performed at work, but also to insufficient training for health and safety of musculoskeletal overload in the workplace.

Weber-Rajek Magdalena, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Kalisz Zdzisława, Hoffmann Magdalena, Juraszek Karolina, Goch Aleksander, Zukow Walery. Zachowania zdrowotne studentów Dietetyki = Health behaviors of students of Dietetics. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(6):469-477. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56236 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3619 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2016. Revised 25.05.2016. Accepted: 16.06.2016. Zachowania zdrowotne studentów Dietetyki Health behaviors of students of Dietetics Magdalena Weber-Rajek1, Agnieszka Radzimińska1, Zdzisława Kalisz2, Magdalena Hoffmann3, Karolina Juraszek4, Aleksander Goch5, Walery Zukow6 1. Katedra Fizjoterapii, Zakład Podstaw Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 2. Bydgoska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy 3. Uniwersyteckie Centrum Kliniczne w Gdańsku, Klinika Nadciśnienia Tętniczego i Diabetologii 4. Centrum Onkologii im. prof. F. Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy, Zakład Rehabilitacji 5. Katedra Fizjoterapii, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 6. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Słowa kluczowe: zachowania zdrowotne, studenci. Key words: health behaviors, students. Streszczenie Bardzo ważną rolę w procesie ochrony zdrowia jest styl życia człowieka – jego nawyki oraz wzorce postępowania. Celem badań była ocena zachowań zdrowotnych studentów kierunku Dietetyka. Grupę badawczą (Grupa I) stanowiło 80 studentów kierunku Dietetyka. Grupę porównawczą (Grupa II) stanowiło 70 studentów kierunków „niemedycznych” (kierunki inżynierskie). W grupie studentów Dietetyki uzyskano wysoki poziom zachowań zdrowotnych. Najwyższy poziom zachowań zdrowotnych uzyskano w kategorii „prawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe”. Studenci kierunku Dietetyka uzyskali wyższe wyniki zachowań zdrowotnych od studentów kierunków inżynierskich. Wprowadzanie programów promocji zdrowia i edukacji zdrowotnej powinno objąć wszystkie kierunki studiów, tym bardziej, że wczesna dorosłość jest najlepszym okresem dla osiągnięcia długotrwałych korzyści z wyboru zdrowego trybu życia. Summary Very important role in the protection of health is a lifestyle - habits and patterns of conduct. The aim of the study was to assess health behaviors of Dietetics students. The research group (Group I) conducted of 80 students of Dietetics. The control group (Group II) conducted of 70 students of non-medical (in engineering). In the group of Dietetic student achieved a high level of health behaviors. The highest level of health behaviors was achieved in the category of "nutrition habits." Students of Dietetics scored higher health behavior of engineering students. Entering programs of health promotion and health education should be extended to all fields of study, especially that early adulthood is the best time to achieve long-term benefits of a healthy lifestyle choice.

This paper is an attempt to recapitulate the main themes in Jacques Derrida’s thought on the university. The author focuses on The University without Condition (presented for the first time in 1998). The paper briefly recounts the philosopher’s involvement in educational institutions (GREPH, Collège International de Philosophie). Next, there is an analysis of the distinction between the future (futur) and the future-to-come (l’avenir), as well as the related opposition between profession (profession) and craft/trades (métier). The strategy of conceiving the university as the topolitical place of resistance is revealed using Derrida’s deconstruction of the repeater figure (agrégé-répétiteur). The paper ends by presenting an analogy between the condition of structural atheism and the obligation of the university to create a possibility for an event (beyond the constative/performative opposition).

A matter of scientific researches results’ commercialisation and technology transfer is an issue not fully explored yet in a Polish literature and practice, hence it seems that any actions undertaken by particular universities in this field will be based on experiences gained in a process of implementing new ideas. Undoubtedly, these experiences will be also gained in the way of appointing special purpose entities which will have a basic task of the commercialisation and technology transfer. The author of this article focuses mostly on new challenges that await particular scientific centres which create a value added as scientific researches and help out with their commercialisation. The result of this kind of outlined cooperation is creating a new quality in scientific researches area which propounds itself in a specific, practical application in different enterprises. The article presents the technology transfer in a structural approach and focuses on an institutional system that was thoroughly researched and examined from a utility and efficiency points of view. The hypothesis that was stated in principles of the article in question shows itself in an ascertainment that the transfer of technology is undoubtedly needed in universities, however for now there are no friendly law or organisational conditionings. What is more, there is a constant rivalry and mutual reluctance between universities and entrepreneurs. A new law has been resolved and its establishments came into existence in October2011. Anew act (in its authors’ opinion) is supposed to enlarge the autonomy of academies, improve the quality of education and also hasten academic career of employees. It emphasizes the fact that a general role of universities is upbringing and education of students as well as conducting scientific researches by the employees. Didactic and research processes happening in academies of higher education cause situations when interactions with intellectual and industrial property laws become inevitable. That is where one can see arising interactions between universities and a transfer of technology to enterprises. The fundamental research aim of this article is to present the essence of the transfer of modern technology from universities to enterprises.

Towards Tchernobyl. Is Postmemory a Driving Force for Medicalization or Vice Versa? The article poses a question about relations between practices of medicalization and postmemory ones. The introduction includes the main similarities between two concepts mentioned above in order to explain putting them together within the article. First chapter briefly characterises the concept of medicalization in social science. Another one describes the Chernobyl catastrophe and the way its inhabitants from younger generations „remember” it. Then, the main aspects of „postmemory” are characterised such as epistemological, practical, artistic and political one. The third chapter illustrates thesis that postmemory is the main driving force for medicalization processes. The fourth reverses it and argues that medicalization itself could be the main reason for postmemory practices. Summary tries to answer the question posed in the title.

Proposed in the present work the model constitutes generalized multidimensional approach to risk analysis of business processes. The presented approach takes into account the different categories of risk factors, resulting from both the architecture of the business process as well as the elements of the safety, quality and continuity. In particular, the combined aspects of safety, quality and continuity overlooked in the current applied approaches to risk analysis, ac­cording to the authors, have a significant bearing on the overall risk of business processes.

In the article authors are taking issues of the risk analysis and of risk management in the generally understood organization and of the influence on her safety. They are emphasizing the weight and the significance of conducting constant analysis of essential risk factors, their identification and the manner with them. The article contains also an inspection of the process of the risk management with so-called taking into account “best practices” being applicable to it. The summary is showing positive consequences of leading the process of the risk management by organizations, as well as the problems associated with his practical accomplishment.

The paper deals with a well-known genre of joumals and newspapers - the column. The analysis of morę than 100 columns of Jiri Hai k (from the years 2006-2010) resulted in a conclusion that this Czech ioumalist (writing for an independent newspaper Pravo) is a successor of the best representa" ves of Czech democratic joumalism, Kareł Havllćek Borovsk> and Kareł Ćapek. A ffequent topie of a political writer J. Hanak is the conflict bctwcen the European integration and nationalism. His columns and other texts are marked b> a rich vocabulary, numerous metaphors based on an outstanding knowledge of history, by a sarcastic irony and extraordinary elaborated intertextual dimension.

Wstęp: Zespół Marfana jest wielonarządową chorobą tkanki łącznej spowodowaną mutacją genu fibryliny-1 (FBN1). Cechuje go duża różnorodność objawów, także wtedy, gdy występuje u osób spokrewnionych. U pacjentów stwierdza się istotne nieprawidłowości w zakresie układu kostnego, sercowo-naczyniowego i w narządzie wzroku. Rozpoznanie najczęściej ustalane jest na podstawie objawów klinicznych. Materiał i metoda: Badaniem objęto 8 dzieci (5 chłopców i 3 dziewczynki) w wieku od 9 do 17 lat, hospitalizowanych w Klinice Kardiologii Dziecięcej w Katowicach. Diagnozę zespołu Marfana postawiono na podstawie badania klinicznego i molekularnego. Diagnostykę kliniczną i wywiad rodzinny przeprowadzono w oparciu o kryteria Ghent. U pacjentów przeprowadzono badania molekularne w kierunku mutacji genu FBN1. Mutację oceniano metodą DHPLC w zakresie wszystkich 65 eksonów i przyległych intronów tego genu, następnie wykonano dokładne sekwencjonowanie nieprawidłowych fragmentów. Na przeprowadzenie badań uzyskano zgodę rodziców i zgodę Komisji Etycznej przy Śląskim Uniwersytecie Medycznym. Wyniki: Wszyscy nasi pacjenci prezentowali pełnoobjawowy zespół Marfana, u nikogo nie stwierdzono zmian w okresie noworodkowym. Czworo z nich, w tym troje rodzeństwa, miało dodatni wywiad rodzinny. U czworga dzieci badaniem molekularnym wykryto mutację patogenną, a u pozostałych czworga mutację prawdopodobnie patogenną zespołu Marfana. Wnioski: Rozpoznanie zespołu Marfana u dzieci na podstawie klasyfikacji Ghent wykazuje zgodność z wynikami badań molekularnych. Badania molekularne ze względu na ich trudną dostępność i wysoką cenę nie zawsze są konieczne do ustalenia rozpoznania.

The book Twórczość Leśmiana w kręgu filozoficznej myśli symbolizmu rosyjskiego written by Sobieska is a pioneering attempt at combining a discussion on the literary output of the author of Dziejba leśna with the reflection stemming from the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The book, notwithstanding its shortcomings and self-imposed limitations, comprehensively discusses views and opinions hitherto unknown to the Polish reader, introduces and explains the context of the findings of such thinkers as Soloviov or Biely, compares texts written by Russian symbolists with Leśmian’s poems. Sobieska categorizes the problem issues into subsequent thematic ranges (epiphany insight into the nature of being, musicality and the notion of poetical metre, creative imagination, mystical femininity) in order to point at potential sources of the recontextualization of Leśmian’s poetical sensitivity. The findings, being an example of classic comparatistic studies, have been enhanced by iconological and musicological observations as well as by some additional guiding elements facilitating the understanding of Orthodox theology. The present sketch discusses the book and is complemented with a polemics with some of its methodological solutions.

The farm gate balance is well known from the environmental literature. This method is not suitable in every case to show the nutrient load for the environment of agricultural companies that is the reason why unit level internal nutrient balances are applied to express the level of nutrient pollution on the environment. These also help to determine the source of the pollution. With the survey of the nutrient flows within the farm we determine the keystones of nutrient management to control the nutrient load of the pollution sources. On the basis of the results and the controlled data of the unit level internal balances we make recommendations for the most appropriate environmental policy instrument to reduce the nutrient pollution.

Artykuł jest głosem rodzica na temat wychowania i wspierania dziecka z autyzmem. Autor opisuje moment pojawienia się na świecie córki Salome, po czym nawiązuje do „oswajania autyzmu” i uczenia się życia w nowych warunkach. W tekście przedstawiono trudności oraz sukcesy doświadczane przez Salome oraz jej rodzinę. Artykuł zwraca również uwagę na najważniejsze kwestie dotyczące pracy z dzieckiem z autyzmem – akceptację, zrozumienie, indywidualizację, chęć współpracy oraz niesienia pomocy dziecku i jego rodzinie.

Relocation in space has accompanied people for ages. Searching for food, new possibilities of the settlement, work, education or religious cult places have become the aim of first excursions and journeys. It is difficult, though, to regard the communities at that time as travel and their activity as the development of tourism. There exist many definitions of tourism, and the majority of them underlines the importance of a free, and spacious mobility of people connected with changing places of residence, environment or the rhythm of life. Irrespective of definitional propositions, tourism is without a doubt a complex psychological, social, economic, spacious and cultural phenomenon. Special attention is to be paid to connections between tourism and culture. Tourism protects, enriches and popularizes cultural goods while culture inspires the development of tourism. Enabling culture meetings, tourism is becoming a more important factor of cultural changes. A revival of locality, growing criticism of mass civilization, and technizational idealism observed in recent years, formed a type of nostalgia for the past, and influenced a significant growth of interest in cultural, or put it more precisely, ethnic tourism. Ethnic tourisms is identified with alternative, rural, folklore, adventurous or sentimental tourism. Its present shape, however, has become yet another example of cultural non-transparency of modern reality. On the one hand, we observe a clear demand for typical ethnically-foreign tourist elements and a valorization of our own traditions, and a conscious development of a native group identity on the other.

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