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During diseases of the pancreas not only extrasecretory but also intrasecretory disorders are observed. The disturbances are dependent on excessive or insufficient releasing of hormones which are physiologically secreted by the pancreas. The most common endocrine disorder, which develops in pancreatic diseases, is insufficient insulin production which leads to carbohydrates balance disorders. The occurrence of endocrine pancreatic tumors (insulinoma, gastrinoma) is visibly less common--2-10% of neoplasmy of the organ. In group of endocrine tumors of the pancreas are also observed some changes which are able to release the vase-active intestinal peptide (VIP-oma), glucagon tumors, carcinoid released serotonine and somatostatinoma. More over, low-differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas consist about 1% of all pancreatic tumors and 2-3% of the all endocrine tumors.

Diverticular disease it is one from the most common disease, and the number of young people with this illness is increasing last time. It is connected with our life style: without physical activity and low-fiber diet. Main symptoms of diverticular disease can be mild (like: abdominal pain, flatulence, constipations or diarrhea) but can also be connected with serious complications (like perforation or bleeding). The aim of this article was assigning the rules of diagnostics and treatment both mild and severe causes of this illness. Methods of prevention were also presented.

Unlabelled: The upper gastrointestinal bleeding continues to be a significant therapeutic problem despite the progress in endoscopic treatment. Due to its dynamics, it may lead to an imminent danger to life or to a sudden necessity of surgical intervention., Aim of the Study: to evaluate the results of the treatment of the patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding using the therapeutic endoscopy., Material and Methods: . The analysis of 214 histories of the diseases of the patients with the endoscopic methods of haemostasis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding aged 18-102, hospitalized in the 5th Military Clinical Hospital in Cracow between 2000 and 2008 was carried out. The injection, thermal and mechanical methods are being used during the endoscopic methods of haemostasis. In the research, injecting the bleeding area with a saline solution with adrenaline was applied as the endoscopic methods of haemostasis. Causes of bleeding, its intensity, location, a number of recurrences, deaths, necessity of surgical intervention, a number of blood substitutes transfusions and a number of endoscopic methods of haemostasis depending on age and sex were investigated., Results: Most often, bleeding was caused by the gastric ulcers, located in stomach center along the greater curvature. Patients aged 66-79 suffered from bleeding most frequently; while the patients under 30 constituted the smallest group. Recurrences of bleeding were observed in 34 patients; they occurred equally often in gastric and duodenum ulceration. 14 patients required surgical procedures., Conclusions: On the basis of the performed analysis, it can be inferred that gastric ulceration, located in the stomach center along the greater curvature, constitutes the most frequent source from the upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and occurs more frequently in males than females, aged mainly 66-79. Endoscopic methods of haemostasis by injections with a saline solution with adrenaline proved to be a significantly effective method since only 6.54% patients required a surgical intervention.