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Endogenic endophthalmitis due to Listeria monocytogenes infection is an uncommon entity, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. This case report addresses infectious endophthalmitis caused by this pathogen in a patient with plasmacytic myeloma. The condition manifested primarily as acute anterior uveitis. Microbiological analysis of an anterior chamber fluid sample confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes, while blood and vitreous body cultures were negative. A combination therapy involving high-dose systemic ampicillin treatment and intravitreal injections of vancomycin resulted in full recovery and restoration of visual acuity.

Статья посвящена анализу рассуждений русской писательницы и поэтессы Марии Степановой по поводу семейной истории, её места и значения в русле мировых событий. Художественному осмыслению подвергается место в памяти для активных участников большой истории и тех, которые — как в случае членов семьи Степановой — остались для истории невидимыми. Методологической основой послужили положения теоретиков широко понимаемых memory studies, в том числе исследования Марианны Хирш, Аллейды Ассман, Кшиштофа Помяна и Астрид Эрл. Концепции постпамяти, семиофора и контрпамяти, творчески адаптированные к анализу произведения, позволили сделать вывод о транскультурном измерении памяти в романсе Марии Степановой.

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie cech charakterystycznych reportażu ekologicznego w kontekście głównych założeń paradygmatu określanego mianem dziennikarstwa ekolo­gicznego. Przedmiotem badań, przeprowadzonych przy wykorzystaniu metody close reading oraz wypracowanych w obszarze ekokrytyki praktyk „zielonego czytania”, są dwa tomy reportażowe: „Betonoza. Jak się niszczy polskie miasta” Jana Mencwela oraz „Atlas dziur i szczelin” Michała Książka. W artykule postawiono hipotezę, iż autorzy tych prac, mimo że z odmiennych perspektyw przedstawiają roślinną historię miasta, tworzą teksty wpisujące się w ramy dziennikarstwa dokumentarno-interwencyjnego. Badania wykazały, że wspólnym mianownikiem obu ekoreportaży jest myślenie o ochronie miejskiej przyrody w kategoriach etycznych i eksponowanie przez reporterów performatywnego charakteru ich publikacji.

The Bruns-Garland syndrome (diabetic amyotrophy) is a rare disorder that affects fewer than 1% of patients with diabetes. It is manifested by unilateral or bilateral pain, weakness and muscle wasting in the proximal part of the lower limbs (proximal motor neuropathy). We present a 72-year-old patient with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus and with the Bruns-Garland syndrome. All the symptoms, including neurological manifestations, were reversible and resolved after the implementation of intensive treatment. Optimizing diabetes treatment, rehabilitation, pain management and the use of benfotiamine and alpha-lipoic acid preparations were crucial to accelerate the treatment effects of diabetic amyotrophy.

W artykule przedstawiono genezę powstania oraz funkcjonowania Uniejowskiego Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku, który stanowi ważny ośrodek edukacji i aktywności, a także miejsce integracji lokalnej społeczności. Podsumowano dziesięć lat jego działalności i zrealizowanych w tym czasie aktywności. Dokonano analizy liczby słuchaczy oraz ich miejsca zamieszkania. Podkreślono znaczenie Uniejowskiego Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku dla lokalnej społeczności, jego udział w projektach o zasięgu regionalnym, a także jego reprezentację w Radzie Społecznej Seniorów i Obywatelskim Parlamencie Seniorów, co pozwala m.in. na uwzględnianie aktualnych potrzeb osób starszych w planowanych i realizowanych z myślą o nich działaniach.

Background The level of health behavior of physical education teachers and people preparing to perform this profession is important from the point of view of the need to play the role of a health promoter – an authority in the promotion of health culture. The aim of the study was to assess the level of teachers’ health behaviors of physical education teachers and students, as well as to search for their determinants. Material and Methods The research covered 127 teachers and 173 physical education students. Standardized questionnaire tools were used to assess the level of health behaviors ( Juczyński Health Behavior Inventory ) and physical activity ( International Physical Activity Questionnaire ). Results Teachers demonstrate a higher level of health behaviors than students. Most respondents achieved an average level of the general health behavior index (HBI) (53.1% of teachers, 52.3% of students), while a high level – 26.8% of teachers, 19.8% of students and a low level – 19.9% of teachers and 27.7% of students. Female gender and teaching profession are significant predictors of HBI. Physical activity, both its current level and the level undertaken in the past, as well as the body mass index (BMI) do not determine HBI. In the regression model, physical activity is significantly associated with male gender, past sports activity and a lower BMI level. Conclusions Research indicates neglect in the general area of health behaviors among men, while among women, physical activity needs to be more widely popularized. The teacher education system should be more focused on the development of self-development competencies in the context of health-promoting behaviors. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(4):355–365

The system of Polish law on juvenile proceedings has undergone significant changes over the years. The result of these changes is the currently in force Act of 9 June 2022 on the support and re-socialisation of minors, which replaced, after 40 years, the Act of 26 October 1982 on proceedings in juvenile matters. The aim of the article is to show the legal solutions adopted in Polish legislation, both historically and in contemporary terms. An important aspect of the study is also the evaluation of the new solutions applied to minors and the formulation of de lege ferenda conclusions.

Celem artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia zespołowego tworzenia i negocjowania znaczeń przez cudzoziemców uczących się języka polskiego. Analizując wybrane fragmenty wymian komunikacyjnych, autorka koncentruje się na opisie procesu konstruowania znaczenia, który prowadzi do wzajemnego zrozumienia się rozmówców oraz do efektywnego przekazywania swoich intencji. Pokazuje, w jaki sposób zręczne posługiwanie się działaniami o charakterze strategicznym może wspomóc uzgadnianie treści przekazu, a w związku z tym samą komunikację.

Strategic thinking is a complex construct that refers to the cognitive activities of individual strategists. A literature review has identified five dimensions of strategic thinking, each exhibiting a dual nature: attitude towards the environment (confrontational vs. cooperative); level of participation (individual vs. collective); approach to change (exploitation vs. exploration); information processing style (intuitive vs. analytical); and level of flexibility (planned vs. emergent). This article aims to identify how these individual characteristics of strategic thinking cluster and whether recurring patterns can be observed, leading to a typology of strategic thinkers. The study adopts an exploratory approach, with quantitative research conducted on a sample of strategic thinkers in Poland (n=184) using an original validated scale. To identify relationships between the characteristics of strategic thinking, statistical methods for dependency analysis of categorical traits were applied, including multidimensional correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. The research identified three types of strategic thinkers, with correspondence analysis most clearly indicating a type embodied by a confrontational, intuitive, exploring, and planning individualist leader. The quality of the mappings obtained through multidimensional correspondence analysis demonstrates the utility of this method for profiling strategic thinking styles, while hierarchical cluster analysis effectively supports the interpretation of the correspondence analysis results.

Introduction and Objective: Voyeurism is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal derived from observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Suggested risk factors for developing voyeurism include childhood sexual abuse, substance misuse, hypersexuality, emotional dysregulation, poor mental health, maladaptive coping strategies, and external pressures The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of voyeurism based on the latest literature. Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “voyeurism” or “voyeuristic” appear in the title, abstract, or keywords. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Estimating the global prevalence of voyeurism is challenging due to inconsistent data, with reported rates ranging from over 10% to approximately 30–40%. Studies consistently indicate that voyeuristic behavior is more common among men. It often exhibits a compulsive and repetitive nature and can serve as a precursor to other sexual crimes, such as sexual sadism or pedophilia. Treatment primarily involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with pharmacological support using SSRIs like fluoxetine and paroxetine, showing effectiveness. Summary: The authors highlight the importance of further exploration into this topic and emphasize the need for a more accurate understanding of voyeurism's prevalence in the general population, as current data may be inconclusive.

The paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of two key frameworks used for creating user interfaces in iOS: SwiftUI, which is based on a declarative approach, and UIKit with Storyboard, which uses an imperative approach. The aim of this analysis is to assess the impact of each environment on the design process, development, and final quality of mobile applications. For comparison, the RandomPhotos application was created, displaying random photos. The application was developed in two versions: one using SwiftUI and the other using Storyboard and UIKit, allowing for a direct comparison of performance, flexibility, and usability of both frameworks. The thesis "SwiftUI is more efficient during the startup of applications handling a data collection" was confirmed.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to look at the responsibilities of special education teachers within Poland’s mainstream education system, while situating them within a broader comparative framework – specifically by examining the established role of Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCo) in the British educational context. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The study deals with the issue of identifying the optimal range of responsibilities for the newly created role of special education teachers in Polish mainstream schools and preschools. These tasks are designed to meet the diverse needs of all children and students within these inclusive environments. To investigate this issue, the research employs a content analysis of relevant legal documents and conducts a comprehensive review of existing studies on the subject. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: At the heart of this study is a comparative analysis of the duties of special education teachers in Poland’s mainstream education system, as codified in legal statutes, and those of their counterparts in the British system, particularly the SENCo role. Moreover, the study examines the responsibilities envisioned for the role of Inclusive Education Coordinators as outlined in the Model of Education for All framework. RESEARCH RESULTS: The findings indicate that the duties assigned to special education teachers in Polish mainstream institutions are significantly broader in scope than those associated with SENCo in the British system. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: Given that the role of special education teachers was only introduced in the previous academic year, there remains a significant gap in research on the actual implementation and efficacy of this position. One of the primary recommendations is to undertake more in-depth studies, with the potential to draw on the typologies of SENCo roles outlined in this paper to inform future research on the subject.

THE POST-ANTHROPOCENTRIC DEMOS AND CIVIC ORDER The aim of this article is to hermeneutically analyse the narratives associated with the post-anthropocentric turn and their implications for the transformation of political and civic order. These issues can be situated within a framework of broad political thought and theory based on the work of Rosi Braidotti, Karen Barad, Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, or Michel Serres. Emphasising multispecies justice, the demands of post-humanist positions and adjustments to social theory refer to a concern for a stable future of human and non-human collectivities. They concern the expansion of the public sphere and the political emancipation of hitherto marginalised peripheral actors, reclaiming as they do their voice. This non-anthropocentric point of view refers to elements of nature as well as the technological world gaining legal status. This raises the question of its political consequences for society and the civil order. It involves the restoration or granting of legal and moral subjectivity to non-human entities. Will the next step, therefore, also be to give them political subjectivity and a revolution to match the new social contract? The structure of the text addresses issues such as the evolution of civil society, the possibilities and consequences of moving beyond the category of anthropos, the proposal of monism as ontological egalitarianism, the presentation of examples of non-human actors in the public sphere and Latour’s project of a parliament of things – the pluriversum.

Pod pojęciem kontroli zarządczej należy rozumieć ogół działań podejmowanych dla zapewnienia realizacji celów i zadań publicznych w sposób zgodny z prawem, efektywny, oszczędny i terminowy. W rezultacie kontrola ta ma zatem służyć zwiększeniu efektywności i skuteczności działania całej polskiej administracji publicznej. Duże znaczenie w procesie kontroli odgrywa etap identyfikacji ryzyka, gdyż dostrzeżenie danego zagrożenia pozwoli na skuteczne przeciwdziałanie temu zjawisku. Zgodnie ze standardami kontroli zarządczej w tym celu zaleca się sporzą dzanie corocznego sprawozdania w formie oświadczania. Dla ułatwienia kontroli Ministerstwo Finansów sporządziło wzór, którym mogą posługiwać się kierownicy jednostek przy dokonywaniu oceny stanu kontroli zarządczej. W niniejszym artykule autorka nie tylko dokonała charakterystyki kontroli zarządczej, ale również przeanalizowała oświadczenia złożone przez podmioty sektora finansów publicz nych. Miało to na celu zweryfikowanie czy podmioty sektora finansów publicznych nie tylko rozumieją cele wprowadzenia kontroli zarządczej, ale również czy w prawid łowy sposób wypełniają udostępniony wzór oświadczenia, w ten sposób przyczy niając się do skutecznego działania administracji publicznej.

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity of university staff members on their well-being and work performance. In the course of analyses, the author attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of well-being of the workforce. Material and methods The study was based on a diagnostic survey method employing a questionnaire.In the course of analyses, the authors attempted to find an answer to the question to what extent physical activity contributes to the improvement of internal and external well-being of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities staff. Results The analyses confirmed that the stimulation of physical activity in the workplace may benefit employee well-being on many levels. The results of the study demonstrated that physical activity has a positive impact on emotional, psychological, and social well-being of university staff, and that it augments the efficiency, focus, and creativity in the workplace. The research findings may be of importance to employees, employers, and decision-makers involved in the taking of decisions about health promotion programmes in the workplace. The study may contribute to the promotion of the concept of well-being, above all, in non-profit organizations, where new tendencies in human resource management are typically introduced later than they are in commercial organizations Conclusions Against a backdrop of the conducted analyses, the emphasis on employee well-being needs to be viewed now as one of the best investments a modern organization may make. Creating an optimal environment in which employees can fulfil their potential is one of the key factors in the long-term effectiveness of an organisation. Healthy and fit staff mean an efficient organisation.

The article discusses a special type of modern structured international order, which is called the values and rules-based international order (VRBIO) and indicates potential lines of inter- and trans-disciplinary research on this phenomenon. The paper provides a joint political–IR–IL scientific description and explanation, basing on structural-functional approach. Among others, it addresses such issues as the nature and structure of VRBIO; classes of factors that form the “backbone” of VRBIO; the complexity of the international phenomenon. The article presents a wide range of research subjects concerning VRBIO, and multiplicity of topics and avenues to be taken in order to effectively deal with this complex phenomenon.

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first objective is to present the framework for a theoretical model describing and explaining an international phenomenon of a political and legal nature, i.e. an international order based on values and rules (VRBIO, values and rules-based international order). This model is the result of joint work conducted by political scientists, IR scholars and international legal scholars, and takes into account ontological, epistemological, descriptive and explanatory components. In addition to presenting the results of theoretical work on the international phenomenon addressed in the present study, another objective of this article is discuss the challenges and opportunities of theorising across different disciplines – political science, international relations and international law. The platform for these meta-theoretical reflections is, of course, VRBIO.

The functioning of attitudes in multilingual settings has always evoked interest of researches (for example, Dewaele and Li, 2020). Nonetheless, there is still a gap concerning the knowledge about how the process is shaped in the early stages of life. The present paper is about to explore the attitudes of primary school children towards Polish, English, and regional dialect in two distinct areas of southern Poland. The main purpose is to investigate the following issues (i) how the status and the feeling of belonging are reflected in children’s responses, (ii) what their approach is in terms of learning languages (iii) to what extent social desirability influences their views. The study was conducted among two groups of primary school children, aged 7, 8, and 9. The data was gathered in reference to an interview with the students conducted in Polish. Children’s voices were recorded for their subsequent transcription. Findings depict how the status and the sense of belonging are different in each examined area, and how the emotional attachment to dialectal tradition may be rooted in children’s minds. In addition, the outcomes cleared out how children’s attitudes are being formed in multilingual environments, and whether school has a visible influence on those attitudes.

Introduction and purpose Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Sildenafil is one of the most popular medications used to treat ED, but in recent years, there has been a growing trend of recreational use of this drug, particularly among younger individuals, which can lead to numerous negative health consequences. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the recreational use of sildenafil, especially among younger individuals. State of knowledge Sildenafil primarily affects the smooth muscle of the blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, facilitating the achievement and maintenance of an erection. The most common side effects of sildenafil include headaches, dizziness, facial flushing, nausea, muscle pain, and nasal congestion. A relatively rare but potentially severe side effect of sildenafil is priapism. It is noted that those using sildenafil recreationally often have multiple sexual partners, as the drug helps them prolong sexual encounters. Studies show that sildenafil is used by groups that should have no problem achieving sexual satisfaction. The use of the drug in combination with alcohol and other substances is noticeable. Conclusions Recreational use of sildenafil appears to be an increasingly common behavior among young men who do not have difficulties achieving or maintaining an erection. There are no studies yet that specifically examine the recreational use of sildenafil among women. It is necessary to conduct further research to better understand the prevalence of this phenomenon and to identify the factors that predispose individuals to engage in recreational use of sildenafil.

Introduction and Objective: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare, self-limiting autoimmune disorder, typically appearing in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It can lead to postpartum exacerbations, and studies suggest an increased risk of preterm birth and the development of Graves' disease in the mother. The aim of this article is to gather the latest information on pemphigoid gestationis. Review Methods: A review of studies available in the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords "pemphigoid gestationis" and "dermatoses of pregnancy" in order to find publications from the last 8 years. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is characterized by the production of IgG1 antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180). The primary symptom of PG is intense itching, which often occurs before skin lesions develop. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin. Treatment focuses on relieving itching and preventing new blister formation, usually starting with topical corticosteroids for mild cases, while systemic corticosteroids are reserved for more severe presentations. Recent research indicates that biologic therapies may also offer effective management options for PG. Summary: The authors highlight the need for further research due to the limited sample sizes in existing studies, as well as the potential complications during pregnancy and long-term health effects.

Among all the organisations operating in the Polish People’s Republic, religious associations — which were guided by a doctrine completely different from the Marxist-Leninist thought propagated at the time — were particularly important for the communists. Hence, the Catholic Church, as the largest church in Poland, was of interest to the Security Service throughout the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic. The aim of this article is to present one of the forms of surveillance of the Catholic Church as an institution and of specific ecclesiastical or monastic establishments, as well as specific individuals. This form consists of building a network of secret collaborators responsible for obtaining information and passing it on directly to officers of the Security Service (the Security Department). The acquisition of secret collaborators involved several stages, namely: selection, preparation (the creation of a psychological profile, determination of the basis for recruitment, preparation of a recruitment plan), contact with the candidate and recruitment. Candidates for secret collaboration were selected based on available materials on their compromising moral deeds, statements hostile to communist authorities and/or the USSR. In addition, attention was paid to the candidate’s negative personality traits (e.g. pride, greed, excessive ego) and “material interests.” The article uses archival documents of the Institute of National Remembrance (Branch in Wrocław) and the archival documents of the Institute of National Remembrance (Branch Office for Sharing and Archiving Document in Warsaw). Additionally, the author analysed and used many scholarly publications on this subject.

This article on the influence of the 1993 Concordat on the amendment of the Family and Guardianship Law of 1964 at the end of the 1990s is intended to demonstrate that this influence was significant in terms of the institution of marriage and the institution of separation. The possibility for a marriage entered under the internal law of a church or other religious association to obtain civil law effects is a significant and socially expected change. Undoubtedly, the signing of the Concordat made it much easier for people who wanted to give this institution both a secular and a religious dimension to get married. On the other hand, the institution of separation of spouses in Polish and canon law, despite the apparent similarity in its essence, is characterized by significant differences in both legal systems. Polish law does not indicate the specific reasons for the separation, focusing only on the complete breakdown of the marriage, while canon law does not treat the complete breakdown of the partnership as a sine qua non condition, but pays attention to the primary causes of this breakdown. In Polish law, separation is not intended to permanently separate the spouses, but is a space for reflection and reflection on continuing in marriage. In canon law, it is mainly intended to protect the innocent party and children and allows separation from an adulterous spouse. However, when circumstances improve, or forgiveness simply ceases.

Background Nurses constitute a crucial professional group within the healthcare system. Job satisfaction and opportunities for professional development directly impact the quality of medical services provided and help prevent burnout. The study aimed to assess the preferred career model, the level of job satisfaction, and determine the type of work-related behavior presented by Polish nurses. Material and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 795 nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. Three standardized scales were used: My Career questionnaire to access the preferred career model, the Job Satisfaction Scale , and Work‑Related Behavior and Experience Patterns ( Arbeitsbesorgenes Verhaltens und Erlebenmuster – AVEM) questionnaire assessing types of work-related behavior. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used for analysis of data. Results The results concerning the relationship between the types of work-related behavior, job satisfaction, and the preferred career model revealed that type G (healthy) was significantly and positively correlated (p 0) with the Challenge subscale of the career model (r = 0.095, p = 0.007) and job satisfaction (r = 0.136, p < 0.001). The higher the score on the Challenge subscale and greater job satisfaction, the more pronounced type G personality. The multiple linear regression models explained only 2.5 to 5% of the variability of studied questionnaire outcomes but indicated that significant, independent predictors for the My Career questionnaire subscales and AVEM raw scales for each type were additional qualifications, level of education, work experience, and place of work. Significant predictors of the job satisfaction scale were employment in private healthcare facilities and a master’s degree. Conclusions Nurses experience job satisfaction, but the workload, demanding daily tasks, and the sense of responsibility can lead them to feel fatigued and burnt out. The preferred career model involves Security and Stability , as well as Service and Commitment to other domains. Only a small percentage of the variability in the results of the analyzed dependent variables was explained by the explanatory variables included in the model. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):19–30

Introduction: Due to constant increase incidence of breast cancer in the world, the most important aspect is monitoring of preventive actions and increasing the health awareness of breast cancer in societies, especially in the group of people with high probability of oncological problems. The aim of the study was to analyze selected factors determining women’s uptake of breast cancer prevention activities. Material and methods: The study was conducted by diagnostic survey among 121 women, patients of the oncology clinic in Brzozów. Women’s knowledge, sociodemographic indicators and positive family history of breast cancer were assessed. Research tool was the proprietary questionnaire. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to verify the hypotheses. A significance level of p < 0.05 was assumed. Results: The most common source of knowledge about breast cancer prevention was the Internet (52.89%), and the main reason for forgoing preventive examinations was lack of awareness of the disease’s risks (38.84%). Over 30% of the respondents had a low level of knowledge which was statistically diverse in terms of education (p < 0.001) and respondents age (p = 0.01). Younger and better educated women have a higher level of knowledge, which was related to the regularity of preventive actions (p = 0.048) and breast self-examination (p < 0.001). The occurrence of breast cancer in the family was impact to regulary self-examination and diagnostic tests (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The level of knowledge in the term of breast cancer prevention wasn’t satisfactory and need supplementing. The most frequently indicated source of information was Internet what show need to increase the participation of medical specialists in oncology education. The most important predictors of taking regularly preventive actions were young age, higher level of knowledge, higher education and a positive family history (breast cancer).

Objectives The aim of the research was to assess the importance of activities implemented as part of the green personnel strategy for building the employer's image on the labor market. Material and methods The research was conducted using the diagnostic survey method with the use of a questionnaire and covered 154 respondents who were students of Siedlce University. Results The research confirmed that the “green” image of the organization is important in the process of acquiring human capital for the organization. Research has shown that it is important for young job candidates to shape pro-environmental behavior in the workplace, organize training to improve "green" competences and reward employees for their participation in the implementation of ecological projects. Conclusions In the course of the research, it was established that the green image of the organization is important in the process of attracting representatives of the Z generation. At the same time, practices related to the green personnel policy are still relatively rarely used in practice. However, green recruitment was not implemented in any of the surveyed entities. The obtained results allow to formulate the conclusion that Polish managers do not fully use the potential of the green personnel strategy in the process of building the image of the organization on the labor market. This may be due to the lack of awareness of the importance of such a strategy among managers or financial factors. The obtained results may be useful for the management staff in the process of designing activities aimed at improving the effectiveness of managing the employer's image on the labor market. This article also contributes to the promotion of a green personnel strategy in Polish organizations, which, as research shows, is implemented to a limited extent.

Objectives The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of implementing the IoT platform into production processes. An example was the application prepared by the Polish IT company Lingaro Sp. z o. o. Material and methods The material was based on research carried out as part of the project "RPMA.01.02.00-14-9403/17 "Internet of Things Platform - LINGARO IoT Cloud Platform" co-financed by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund under the Regional Operational Program of the Masovian Voivodeship for the years 2014-2020 Priority Axis of the RPO WM I Use of research and development activities in the economy Action under the Priority Axis of the RPO WM 2014 - 2020 1.2 Research and development activities of enterprises. Results The research allowed for the development of an application with a wide range of benefits and applications, including: consolidation of various forms of Internet data transfer, integration of various interfaces and IT systems, ability to manage event scenarios rather than single attributes, data recording on an external server of the platform, point data transfer from and to monitoring and control devices, ongoing recording of production processes of interest to the user. Conclusions In the digital society, the development of digital technologies, artificial intelligence and data processing is clearly visible. The most important features include: extensive use of mobile technologies and smartphones and access to new digital products and services, as well as e-medicine, e-learning, new business models, the use of data processing mechanisms to predict social processes and phenomena. The above technologies constitute the substrate of the digital society, which was illustrated by the example of the Lingaro research project implemented and briefly described in this article.

W artykule przedstawione zostało rozmieszczenie przestrzenne projektów wdrożonych w ramach Budżetu Obywatelskiego (BO) w Łodzi w latach 2013–2019 na tle obszaru rewitalizacji. Autorzy dokonują analizy przedsięwzięć, ich systematyzacji oraz oceny pod kątem realizacji celów, jakie wyznaczone zostały w programie rewitalizacji. Artykuł wpisuje się w dyskusję naukową na temat uczestnictwa lokalnej społeczności w życiu miasta, w szczególności w zmianach dokonywanych w jego przestrzeni, a także skuteczności stosowania i roli narzędzia partycypacyjnego, jakim jest budżet obywatelski. Może też stanowić inspirację dla samorządów do świadomego przygotowywania i wykorzystywania tego instrumentu w procesach rewitalizacji miast.

The present article contains an introduction (describing problems in the study of microhistory and distinguishing groups interested in these types of considerations), the characteristics of interviews and written papers and the conclusions drawn from them. The basis for its creation was the “My Family” Project, consisting of three elements: students’ written papers, a recording of an interview with a family member (preferably a grandmother or grandfather) and a presentation at a conference. The project was carried out in the summer semester of 2022 with second-year B.A. students at the Institute of History of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce as part of “The historian’s research methods” classes. Students involved in this initiative also took part in a conference entitled “My Family as an Archival Source” (as part of the “Meetings with an Archival Source” series), which took place on September 28, 2022. A report on this event was written by one of the students participating in the project. The first part of the project consisted of student interviews with family members. Parents and grandparents discussed topics such as the history of their ancestors, the years of German and Soviet occupation, and everyday life. The representatives of the older generation focused on telling about their experience of World War II in small towns of today’s Świętokrzyskie province, while the students’ parents discussed the dull reality of the Polish People’s Republic. The interviews concerning the occupation period were emotional; they show the savagery of the Germans murdering Polish ­civilians and indicate that historians have not yet worked through this issue. Students’ papers deal with the unique history of their ancestors. The topics discussed in them mainly concern the fate of the authors’ great-grandparents and grandparents. The texts describe the realities of Kielce villages during World War II, as well as the hardships of everyday life. The overwhelming majority of the ancestors of the students participating in the project lived in the countryside, having peasant or landowning origins. The article ends with conclusions presented by students during the discussion summarizing the project. Student papers can encourage readers to research their family’s past. Every history student should know the history of their family.

Reprezentacje Zagłady w kulturze polskiej (1939–2019), red. Sławomir Buryła, Dorota Krawczyńska, Jacek Leociak, t. 1: Problematyka Zagłady w filmie i teatrze, ss. 795; t. 2: Problematyka Zagłady w sztukach wizualnych i popkulturze, ss. 672, Wydawnictwo IBL PAN, Warszawa 2021.

Aim of the study: Pastoral management in Europe is an important element in protecting biodiversity and the landscape. Shepherding stimulates the development of the market of traditional and regional products, handicrafts and services. Pastoral farming in Europe is an important element of biodiversity and landscape protection. Shepherding stimulates the development of the market for traditional, regional products, handicrafts and services. For many years, wool was an important product obtained in mountain areas from local sheep breeds, now treated as a waste product. The aim of the study is to describe farming methods in mountain areas, indicating innovative possibilities of using sheep wool. Material and methods: The material consisted of literature studies and own research on management in mountain areas. Own research and literature analyzes have shown that, due to its properties, wool obtained from mountain sheep can be used as a natural fiber in a biodegradable composite and constitute an alternative to plastic packaging. The introduction of natural fibers in the fertilizer composite can improve not only soil fertility but also bring economic effects, such as the use of wool of Polish mountain sheep as part of the circular economy. Results and conclusions: Summarize, the search for alternative directions for the use of sheep wool is of strategic importance for maintaining and even increasing the sheep population in Poland and in other European Union countries. Occurring soil droughts in the summer period affect the reduction of plant yields, and for this reason, the application of biodegradable biocomposite to the soil will not have a negative impact on the environment of mountain pastures and meadows

W tekście postawiono tezę, iż udostępnianie urządzeń mobilnych jest szczególnie groźne dla małych dzieci, które nie stworzyły w swoich umysłach zarysów reprezentacji trójwymiarowych obiektów oraz trójwymiarowej przestrzeni, w której funkcjonują. Deformacje w zarysach reprezentacji tworzonych w trakcie oglądania obiektów na ekranie tabletu lub smartfonu trudno naprawić w późniejszym czasie, gdyż następne doświadczenia poznawcze jedynie uzupełniają i wzbogacają posiadane już reprezentacje. By to udowodnić, przytoczono ważniejsze ustalenie zawarte w teorii reprezentacji J. S. Brunera, a następnie wyjaśniono, co sprawia, że niemowlaki i małe dzieci zadziwiająco sprawnie posługują się smartfonami i tabletami. Żeby pokazać niekorzystne różnice w reprezentacjach tworzonych przez dzieci z doświadczeń zgromadzonych w świecie realnych obiektów i świecie wirtualnym, przytoczono wyniki własnych badań, które sygnalizują fatalne skutki stosowania przez dorosłych urządzeń mobilnych w procesie wychowywania małych dzieci. Uzasadniono też konieczność podjęcia poważnych badań, których celem ma być ustalenie dalekosiężnych skutków udostępniania tabletów i smartfonów niemowlakom i małym dzieciom. Pomoże to oswoić wychowawczo i edukacyjnie te wspaniałe urządzenia, a także określić, kiedy i na jak długo można bezpiecznie dla rozwoju umysłowego dziecka udostępnić mu tablet i smartfon.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i analiza trzech passusów dzieła Podstępy wojenne Juliusza Sekstusa Frontyna, w których wino pojawia się jako narzędzie wojny. Doskonale znany starożytnym trunek, który rozpalał zmysły i ciało, rozluźniał, a także stanowił cenny lek o właściwościach rozgrzewających, mógł stać się śmiercionośną bronią. Pity w postaci rozcieńczonej z wodą lub z domieszką mandragory (szczególnie w większych ilościach) osłabiał koncentrację, usypiał czujność, mógł nawet bezpośrednio doprowadzić do śmierci. Uśpienie czujności przeciwnika, upojonego kojącym wszelkie troski trunkiem, pozwalało w stosunkowo łatwy sposób przechylić szalę zwycięstwa. Tym samym chwila zapomnienia czy złudna okazja do świętowania – okazywały się sprytnie zastawioną pułapką, z której często nie było ucieczki.

Posturography is one of the objective methods of evaluating human balance. Human balance is the ability to maintain a vertical center of mass (COM) in the support area (base of support – BOS). COM in a homogeneous gravitational field coincides with the center of gravity (COG). The postural control system (PCS) maintains the COG projection in the support area and counteracts the external forces (gravity and inertia force) that destabilize the posture of the human body. Minimizing body deflection is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). External stimuli are received through visual, atrial, proprioceptive and exteroceptive systems. The information is transmitted to the CNS, which, means of the feedback system, controls the motion system to minimize the risk of falls. The aim of this work is to present the types of posturography: static, dynamic, and follow-up posturography, their use in the objective diagnosis of imbalances, as a tool for rehabilitation and for monitoring the progress of treatment in Parkinson’s disease and patients after stroke.

The subject of the considerations undertaken in the article is the impact of the institution of EU citizenship on the status of migrant citizens. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the introduction of the institution of EU citizenship into the treaties has definitely strengthened the status of an individual in EU law, and in a special way – in the host country. The inclusion of citizens’ rights in the catalogue of fundamental rights has radically changed the way in which one of the citizens’ rights – freedom of movement and residence in the territory of the host country – is exercised. A migrant citizen has been granted special protection in contexts where actions aimed at restricting the right of residence are taken. These conclusions will be confirmed in this article by analysis of the evolution of secondary legislation and the interpretation of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are genitourinary cancers which constitute significant health problems in men and in which environmental factors play an important role. Understanding the genetic susceptibility to BCa or PCa and occupational exposure is paramount to improving cancer prevention and early detection. The aim of this review article was to address the scientific evidence on the genetic risk factors and occupational exposure associated with the occurrence of BCa and PCa. The authors identified relevant original articles that have been published between 1994 and 2023. Variations of the following search terms: “gene” and “occupational” combined with one of the following terms: “bladder cancer” or “prostate cancer” were applied for the search purpose. The authors found 342 publications of which 50 population studies met their requirements for gene-occupation interactions. In total, 34 full-text manuscripts were about BCa and 16 about PCa. These research examines the genes involved in detoxification processes of xenobiotics (glutathione S-transferase, N-acetyltransferase, cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase 1, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase), altering DNA repair capacity (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair), tumour suppression ( TP53 gene), and vitamin D pathway (vitamin D receptor gene). The role of genetic factors in the occupational exposure has not been conclusively established, but it appears the possibility of genetic involvement. Determination of environmentally responsive genes provides important mechanistic implications for the etiology of occupational cancers, and valuable input in occupational exposure limits set by taking genetic susceptibility into account. More genetic research is needed to corroborate these findings and assess their significance in the workplace. Med Pr. 2023;74(2):127–44

Wybuch pandemii w znaczący sposób wpłynął na rzeczywistość społeczną, której obecna charakterystyka odnosi się przede wszystkim do nieprzewidywalności, permanentnej zmiany i trudności w określeniu działań pozwalających poradzić sobie z konsekwencjami występujących zagrożeń, zarówno na poziomie makro, jak i mikro. Sytuacja ta w sposób szczególny dotyka grup, które jeszcze przed wybuchem pandemii potrzebowały wsparcia. Jedną z nich stanowią opiekunowie domowi osób cierpiących na demencję. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji opiekunów domowych, związanej ze świadczeniem opieki na rzecz ich bliskich chorujących na demencję w kontekście pandemii. Opis dokonywany jest na podstawie danych pozyskanych w wywiadach swobodnych pogłębionych, zrealizowanych w 2021 roku na próbie dobranej w sposób celowy. Badani uznali, że pandemia w zdecydowany sposób wpłynęła na ich funkcjonowanie, w szczególności na sprawowanie opieki (poczucie większego obciążenia ze względu na ograniczenie wsparcia instytucjonalnego i dostępności do podmiotów medycznych), konieczność odnalezienia się w rzeczywistości wirtualnej, wzrost poczucia wykluczenia oraz pogorszenie nastroju wynikające zarówno z doświadczeń osobistych, jak i obserwacji stanu osoby pozostającej pod ich opieką.

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to present aid tools available under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 addressed to Polish agricultural producers operating in Natura 2000 areas. The main questions the present study strives to answer are: How did agri-environmental schemes influence Polish agricultural activities in order to achieve the Natura 2000 objectives in agricultural areas? How can we evaluate the financial instruments included in the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020? Material and methods Therefore, the basic method of the research was the formal dogmatic method, in particular, legal linguistic interpretation, in order to analyze and assess the subject related legislation. In the article, there are also presented some statistical data acquired through access to public information in January 2021, reported to the Analysis and Reporting Department of the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture. Results However, the assumption is that Natura 2000 compensates for these disadvantages through the possibility of obtaining EU funding. Polish farmers may receive compensation or other forms of co-financing from the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 if restrictions on farming activities have been introduced. Polish local self-government actively participates in ecological and agri-environmental policy. It supports Natura 2000 programme. Conclusions Agri-environmental schemes are considered to be one of the most important mechanisms for achieving the Natura 2000 objectives in agricultural areas, which may be complemented by the new investment action under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020, i.e. “Investments in farms located in Natura 2000 areas”.

The article presents selected results of surveys conducted by the Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Sustainable Technologies in Radom and the Center for Supporting Crafts, Dual and Vocational Education in Konin, concerning the cooperation of schools providing education in vocational education professions with employers in Eastern Wielkopolska. The research was carried out in 2022 on a group of 26 school directors providing education in vocational education professions and 56 employers from Eastern Greater Poland. The research was carried out as part of the project “Innovative vocational education and training in Eastern Wielkopolska in the context of energy transformation” (no.: EOG/21/K3/W/0046) financed from the EEA Financial Mechanism and the budget of the Republic of Poland under the Education Programme. Respondents answered, among others: for questions about the cooperation of schools with employers in the areas of practical vocational training, organization of practical classes on the basis of dual education, patronage classes and other forms of cooperation.

Existing research on remote work covers various aspects, including the assessment of effectiveness, impact on employee health and well-being, technology used, and the future of work. However, little research has been done on the intergenerational differences that may influence the perception and evaluation of remote working in the public sector. Our study aims to compare the opinions of generations BB, X, and Y on remote work. The obtained results indicate that there is a relationship between the age of employees and the degree of preference for remote work in relation to traditional work, the effectiveness of remote work, and the assessment of the time required for task completion during remote work. However, there is no relationship between the assessment of technical and mental problems related to the transition to remote work and the assessment of the impact of remote work on the relationship in the team. These results can contribute to the development of intergenerational human resource management strategies and support management decision-making and should be explored further in the future.

W niniejszej pracy zestawiono środowiskowy i prawny aspekt rozwoju zielonej infrastruktury na terenach miejskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dachów zielonych. Wykazano, że zarówno istniejąca zielona infrastruktura, obejmująca parki, obszary chronione, lasy, pola itd., jak i kreowana de novo, np. w postaci dachów zielonych, minimalizuje skutki zmian klimatu i jest kluczowa dla zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zidentyfikowane korzyści płynące z wprowadzania dachów zielonych to m.in.: oszczędność energii, poprawa jakości powietrza i wody, wspieranie renaturyzacji miast i wzrost różnorodności biologicznej, które łącznie sprzyjają polepszeniu jakości życia w miastach. Dlatego też wskazano potrzebę usankcjonowania rozwoju zielonej infrastruktury na terenach miejskich w systemie prawnym. Dostrzegając aktualne zagrożenia środowiskowe oraz korzyści z zielonej infrastruktury, ustawodawca europejski podał wytyczne dotyczące jej tworzenia. W artykule dokonano przeglądu stanu prawnego i oceniono, w jaki sposób polityka Unii Europejskiej została zaimplementowana do wspólnotowego oraz krajowego porządku prawnego. W szczególności zbadano, w jakim zakresie organy samorządu terytorialnego uwzględniają zieloną infrastrukturę w miejscowych planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego.

Celem opracowania jest zidentyfikowanie regulacji określających zasady ustalania i nakładania korekt finansowych w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020 oraz weryfikacja ich zastosowania dla rzeczywistej sytuacji rozstrzyganej przez sąd okręgowy. Analiza badanego przypadku wskazuje na możliwość powstania nieprawidłowości skutkujących korektą dofinansowania. Badania zostały oparte na analizie dostępnej literatury przedmiotu, obowiązujących aktów prawnych oraz rzeczywistego przypadku projektu finansowanego ze środków Unii Europejskiej zrealizowanego z naruszeniem postępowania przetargowego, dla którego zidentyfikowano nieprawidłowość skutkującą korektą finansową. Analiza badanego przypadku wskazuje, że dla zidentyfikowania naruszenia jako nieprawidłowość konieczne jest wystąpienie wszystkich przesłanek nieprawidłowości, w szczególności przesłanki szkodliwego wpływu na budżet UE poprzez obciążenie go nieuzasadnionym wydatkiem. Problematyka ustalenia, czy dane naruszenie jest nieprawidłowością skutkującą korektą finansową na etapie postępowania sądowego, nie była dotychczas przedmiotem analiz i w tym zakresie niniejszy artykuł wypełnia lukę badawczą. Zaprezentowane wyniki poszerzają zatem dotychczasową wiedzę o stosowaniu korekt w praktyce gospodarczej i sądowniczej.

Omawiane orzeczenie odnosi się do instytucji umorzenia opłaty rocznej z tytułu wyłączenia gruntu z produkcji rolnej na cele kultu religijnego na rzecz związku wyznaniowego na podstawie art. 12 ust. 16 ustawy z dnia 3 lutego 1995 r. o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych. Zasadniczym przedmiotem analizy jest kwestia sposobu i zakresu badania w postępowaniu administracyjnym przesłanek umorzenia należności publicznoprawnych w przypadku realizacji inwestycji o charakterze użyteczności publicznej z zakresu kultu religijnego. Rozważania zmierzają do ustalenia, jakie okoliczności organ administracji publicznej powinien wziąć pod uwagę, rozpatrując sprawę o umorzenie opłaty rocznej z tytułu trwałego wyłączenia gruntu z produkcji rolnej na rzecz związku wyznaniowego, a w szczególności czy weryfikacja zasadności wniosku o umorzenie powinna ograniczać się wyłącznie do oceny ziszczenia się przedmiotowych przesłanek przyznania ulgi przewidzianych we wskazanym wyżej przepisie, czy też powinna obejmować także uwarunkowania podmiotowe, tj. analizę sytuacji związku ubiegającego się o przyznanie ulgi. Zaprezentowane rozważania uzasadniają zaaprobowanie stanowiska sądu wskazującego na konieczność dwuetapowego badania przez organy administracji okoliczności warunkujących umorzenie opłaty rocznej. W pierwszej kolejności weryfikacji podlegają przedmiotowe przesłanki wymienione w powołanym wyżej przepisie, a następnie powinna zostać szczegółowo zbadana rzeczywista i finansowa sytuacja beneficjenta umorzenia opłaty rocznej. Taki wniosek znajduje oparcie w celu ustawy o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych oraz w istocie działania organu wydającego decyzję, który rozstrzyga sprawę w ramach uznania administracyjnego.

Using local wild plant resources to create green roofs in urban areas is a sustainable solution that supports cities' adaptation strategies to climate change. Creating extensive green roofs, in accordance with the Nature-Based Solutions concept, supports minimizing the effects of climate change, loss of biodiversity and human health. The aim of this paper is to identify, based on an analysis of published research results, the main criteria for selecting vegetation introduced to green roofs and the role of green roofs in minimizing the effects of climate change in the context of NBS. The data were collected by analyzing the results of studies published in the last 10 years, focusing on plant selection. It was found that species selection often fails to consider plant functional traits. The potential of wild plants in urban-industrial areas for creating green infrastructure and optimizing ecosystem services remains largely unrecognized. However, certain plants with desirable functional traits, originating e.g. from habitats such as post-industrial coal mining waste heaps, show promise in providing functional support to urban ecosystems in minimizing the effects of climate change.

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ustalenie, w jaki sposób nauczyciele akademiccy – tutorzy prowadzący zajęcia tutorskie rozumieją termin tutoring. Materiał badawczy stanowiły przygotowane przez badaczki (autorki tekstu) transkrypcje wywiadu fokusowego przeprowadzonego w lutym 2022 z tutorami biorącymi udział w programie „Mistrzowie Dydaktyki – wdrożenie modelu tutoringu” w Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Do analiz wyników badań zastosowano podejście jakościowe - metodę analizy pola semantycznego opracowaną przez Regine Robin i jej współpracowników, a następnie zmodyfikowaną przez Barbarę Fatygę. Podbudowę teoretyczną stanowiła teoria pól semantycznych. W procesie analiz został wykorzystany program do jakościowej analizy danych MAXQDA. Tutoring przez badanych jest określany jest jako zindywidualizowana praca ze studentami obejmująca relację i realizację wspólnych celów, a określają go takie sformułowania jak „mój” i „różny”. Tutoring najczęściej kojarzony jest z metodą bądź techniką pracy zarówno indywidualnej, jak i w małych grupach. Wnioski wynikające z analizy wskazują, że dzięki rekonstrukcji sieci znaczeń możliwe jest trafniejsze ujęcie terminu tutoring, z perspektywy nauczycieli akademickich - tutorów uczestniczących w programie.