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The main objective was to build a mobile impedance/capacitance tomograph for flow analysis and process optimization. The product responds to the identified needs of target customers who operate in process monitoring, control, and optimization of manufacturing processes. They need information on data processing and analysis and spatial analysis of technological processes. The designed solution's target market is the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and mining industries. The paper presents the device's design and an application for data collection and visualization using tomography. Tomography is a technique for imaging a cross-section of an object based on measurements taken from the outside. Tikhonov regularisation reconstructions were used to reconstruct tomographic images. Test measurements were taken to confirm the correct operation of the completed system. Keywords: tomography, production analysis, optimization, process management, process modeling, process control.

Objectives The role of the tax collector is to facilitate the fulfilment of tax obligations by taxpayers. The applicable tax laws provide for the possibility to use it for the collection of taxes constituting the income of local government units, while the decision-making on the ordering of tax collection by means of collection, the determination of collectors and the amount of remuneration for collection is entrusted to municipal councils by means of acts of local law (resolutions). The entities on which the municipal councils impose the obligation to collect tax by way of collection are obliged to perform it. Material and methods The first is combined with needs of a theoretical or cognitive nature, that is, it includes all those needs that are associated with the development of a particular science. The second is combined with the various needs of practice. Results Analysing the issue of collection of the health resort fee and the legal regulations governing the tasks and responsibilities of the collector, the following conclusions can be formulated. Conclusions Collection of taxes by way of collection may only take place with regard to taxes the amount of which is directly prescribed by law or the tax authority is obliged to calculate the tax. The provisions of the Tax Ordinance do not impose an obligation on the tax collector to calculate the amount of the tax.

Legal issues concerning cinematography are part of the constitutional regulations concerning national heritage and cultural heritage. Supporting the development of cinematography is the main task of the Polish Film Institute. The aim of this article was to examine the legal and financial issues concerning this state legal entity (in particular, its revenues and expenses). In addition, the authors set out to determine whether the Polish Film Institute is an effective entity and whether its functioning is beneficial to Polish culture and national heritage. The publication uses a dogmatic-legal method and an empirical method (the financial plans of the Polish Film Art Institute from 2017–2022 were analysed).

Since the end of the twentieth Century the traditional interpretation of Catharism, assuming it’s Eastern roots and dualist character is the object of a harsh criticism, formulated by the deconstructionist scholars. The moderated version of their new interpretation assumes that dualism didn’t play an important role in Catharism, and that the Cathar “dissidence” was not influenced by the Eastern dualist heresies (especially Bogomilism), but appeared independently in the West. According to the radical version Catharism didn’t exist at all and contemporary scholars should accept a new paradigm – Middle-Ages without Catharism. The aim of this article is to examine the source arguments, which stand behind both interpretations – on one side the arguments concerning the contacts of the Cahars with the Eastern dualists, with special attention paid to the time of their emergence and character of these relations, and on the other the arguments concerning Cathar dualist doctrines, which according to the deconstructionists were constructed arbitrarily by the Catholic polemists, basing on the ancient anti-heretical works, especially anti-Manichaean writings of St. Augustine. The article will try to find the answer to the question if the Cathar doctrines described in the Catholic sources are indeed so closely similar to the Manichaean teachings known from St. Augustine and at the same time so different from the Bogomil dualism. The analysis of the sources will show if the new interpretation is based on the arguments that are strong enough to overthrow the traditional one and if it the theory assuming lack of Bogomil influence can be considered as a serious alternative.

In order to identify the attitudes of consumers towards innovative food products, including functional foods, qualitative research was carried out in 2019 to find out what are the components of these attitudes in relation to innovative food, on the example of functional food, in the conditions of the growing global tendency to care for health and convenience. As a result of the research carried out using the focus group interview (FGI) methodology, it was found that innovative food is associated with a new taste or packaging, increased nutritional value, as well as health related attributes. Often, in studies, consumers also referred to the reduction or complete elimination of allergenic ingredients and other chemical ingredients, e.g. preservatives, flavor enhancers. Consumers accept these innovations in different ways, generally showing skepticism about “improving” food by enriching it with various ingredients, while positively referring to changes related to the reduction in the content of nutrients considered harmful to health, e.g. fat, sugar or salt. It was also noted that innovativeness treated as a personality trait is accompanied by such features as: openness, tolerance, optimism, life satisfaction, while people lacking tendency to accept innovation are usually pessimistic about the world, attached to tradition or thrifty. It was also noted that consumers similarly perceive innovative and functional food, indicating that functional products are food with a specific health purpose, with a modified composition. The interviewees also indicated that it is possible to increase the interest of consumers in purchasing new food products or functional food through, inter alia, well targeted marketing messages, and it is necessary to take into account the legal regulations regarding their wording when formulating them. This applies in particular to the possibility of using nutrition and health claims in the case of products enriched with ingredients with a declared health-related effect.

Copyright of Wieś & Rolnictwo is the property of Instytut Rozwoju Wsi & Rolnictwa, Polska Akademia Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rekonesans jest pierwszym etapem w procesie przeprowadzenia testów penetracyjnych, polegający na zbieraniu informacji o celu ataku z ogólnie dostępnych zewnętrznych źródeł. Zebrane dane można wykorzystać w celu pozyskania np.: danych osobowych pracowników, adresów e--mail, nazw domen, adresów IP systemów osiągalnych przez sieć Internet. Dodatkowo można uzyskać informację o usługach TCP (ang. Transmission Control Protocol) i UDP (ang. User Datagram Protocol), typach systemów wykrywania włamań IPS (ang. Intrusion Prevention System) oraz IDS (ang. Intrusion Detection System). Rekonesans powinien być wykonany metodą pasywną, podczas której jest mniejsze ryzyko wykrycia działalności atakującego. Ponadto jest to legalne wyszukiwanie informacji dostępnych w Internecie. Metoda ta umożliwia zbieranie informacji bez ujawniania, że jakiekolwiek czynności są prowadzone. Dzięki użyciu wybranych programów do przeprowadzania rekonesansu, przeanalizowano dużo informacji o badanej firmie.

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determination of consciousness of an injured person and giving first aid are crucial in the proper conduct of the survival chain. The aim of the study was to show the sailors' awareness about first aid and the use of automated external defibrillator (AED). Study group consisted of 261 people of all ages, including 146 men and 76 women. 138 people from study group declared to have achieved higher education, 77 – average education and 7 – basic education. 195 people practice sailing for leisure and 27 surveyed people are professional sailors. All surveyed subjects sail in various periods of the year. For the sake of the study, a fully anonymous questionnaire was developed. Study showed, that sailors' awareness of first aid and the use of AED is not sufficient and first aid courses should address important legal aspects of first aid, including issues related to the use of automated external defibrillator.

Introduction : Alcohol abuse leads to a lot of mental, somatic and social problems and may also be a cause of homelessness. These problems are often correlated with a decrease in alcohol dependent persons’ quality of life including their capacity to handle everyday issues and the ability to obtain medical care. The purpose of the study was to compare the quality of life of alcohol dependent persons: rehab centre inpatients and homeless subjects, and also to evaluate correlations between their quality of life and chosen clinical variables, social support and barriers in obtaining alcohol dependence treatment. Material and methods: The study investigated 60 inpatients treated for alcohol dependence and 29 alcohol dependent homeless persons in shelter and hostel accommodation. All subjects were assessed using the following psychometrically scales: SF-36, SADD, BDI, MMSE, STAI and an interview questionnaire. Results : It was observed that rehab inpatients scored slightly worse results than homeless persons with regard to general mental functioning and to limitations in fulfilling life roles due to emotional problems. That is compared to homeless subjects, rehab inpatients had lower scoring of emotion subscale (E) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-36. It was suggested that low values of physical component summary (PCS) of SF-36 in rehab inpatients were associated with anxiety and somatic symptoms, and low values of mental component summary (MCS) with intensive anxiety symptoms, depression and other psychic problems. The observed low PCS values in homeless subject group were associated with duration of alcohol drinking, and low MCS values with better social support, intensive depression symptoms, and psychic problems. Conclusions : Despite socio-demographic and clinical differences between studied groups, rehab inpatients and homeless subjects had similar evaluation of their quality of life in SF-36 scale scoring.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the level of craving in alcohol-dependent subjects, as well as the age and gender-related differences in its occurrence. The correlations between the feeling of craving and the variables that affect its occurrence, such as the need for reward, the desire for relief, or obsessive thoughts about drinking and compulsive behaviours were also analysed. Methods: The study was conducted in a group of 220 subjects, including 110 men and 110 women diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome (F10.2). The study was carried out in the third week of therapy, with the use of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS-hd), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and Craving Typology Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: No gender-related differences in the level of experienced craving and coping with it were found. However, numerous age-related differences in the prevalence of craving were observed. Younger subjects, in comparison to older ones, are characterised by more frequent occurrence of this symptom. The intensity and duration of craving sensations are also higher in the younger group. Conclusions: The approach to the problems of the occurrence of and coping with alcohol craving in the course of the therapy should be similar in men and women. However, there should be more focus on the working out of coping strategies, especially in the younger patients, because of the more frequent and intensive craving they experience, which poses a greater risk of relapse and recurrence of the problem.

This study contains a description of homelessness in Poland and a description of a social project aimed at improving the quality of life of homeless people staying in the shelter for homeless men, on ul. Bogedain 5 in Wrocław belonging to the Saint Albert Association, through the activation of homeless people during physical activities with the help of the organized Petanque Games tournament. The homeless team had the opportunity to compete with outsiders, which allowed for social integration and counteracting the exclusion of homeless people. The implementation of tasks was aimed at improving the quality of men's lives as well as popularizing the tradition of playing at Petanque in a group of homeless men, meeting the needs of active activation, integration and social inclusion in this group of people.

Recognizing the injured person and providing first aid is of key importance in the proper conduct of the survival chain. The aim of this study was to examine the awareness of Lower Silesian residents of first aid procedures and the use of Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) device. The study group consisted of 180 people of various ages, including 65 men and 115 women. 77 people from study group declared to have achieved higher education, 85 – average education, basic vocational education 10 and 8 – basic education For the needs of the study, an original, fully anonymous questionnaire was constructed and disseminated electronically through social media and discussion groups. The results of the survey showed, that the awareness of Lower Silesian residents about providing first aid and the usage of AED is not sufficient. Therefore, the first aid courses should address its important legal aspects, including issues related to the use of an AED.

Celem pracy jest analiza wielkości składników bilansu wodnego w odwadnianych dolinach rzek mikrozlewni różnorodnych siedlisk. W studium wykorzystano wyniki badań i obserwacji terenowych z lat 2010–2012. Badania przeprowadzone w dwóch małych zlewniach nizinnych wykazują znaczący wpływ warunków meteorologicznych, a także siedliska na wskaźnik odpływu, zmian retencji w analizowanych latach hydrologicznych. Zlewnia rowu K-2 znajduje się w dorzeczu Piwonii, a rowu Z-6 w dorzecza Bystrzycy. Najwyższe wartości odpływu odnotowano w pierwszej połowie roku 2009/10 i wynikały one z intensywnych opadów deszczu. Były prawie trzy razy wyższy niż w przeciętnym roku 2011/12. Równowaga bilansu wynika głownie z płaskiego ukształtowania terenu utrudniającego odpływ wody oraz ograniczonej chłonności podłoża, które szczególnie w okresie wiosennych nadmiarów nie może zmagazynować dużej ilości wody. Obserwowana zlewnia rowu Z-6 wykazuje znacznie wyższe zmiany niż zlewnia rowu K-2, ze względu na różną pokrywę glebową i użytkowanie terenu. Badania potwierdziły dominującą rolę parowania powierzchni w bilansie wodnym. Dowodem na to są niższe odpływy w pierwszej połowie roku w porównaniu do pierwszej połowy zimy oraz spadku retencji.

Recent years show an increase in the use of modern technologies, including infor­mation and communication technology ICT. This confirms the indicator analysis: The Networked Readiness Index (NRI), The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). Poland leads in digital public services and mobile broadband among the Visegrad Countries.

Głównym celem prezentowanej pracy była ocena zobrazowań satelitarnych Landsat 8 pod kątem obecności zachmurzenia nad strefą czołową lodowca Aavatsmarka (NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard). W pracy wykorzystano wszystkie dostępne do pobrania zobrazowania Landsat 8 wykonane od początku misji (początek 2013 r.) do końca 2020 r. oraz obejmujące cały obszar zainteresowania (AOI). Łącznie było to 868 zdjęć satelitarnych. Stopień widoczności strefy AOI na każdym obrazie został obliczony przy użyciu obrazu Quality Assessment Band (QA), który stanowi integralną część zbioru danych Landsat 8. Dane QA zostały zreklasyfikowane, pogrupowane w określone klasy widoczności i przedstawione w ujęciu rocznym oraz miesięcznym. Przeprowadzono również analizę częstości występowania zobrazowań użytecznych, tj. takich, na których stopień pokrycia terenu zachmurzeniem jest nie większy niż 5%. Spośród wszystkich dostępnych zobrazowań, na przestrzeni analizowanych lat tylko 176 (ok. 20%) zawierało obszar w pełni widoczny, zaś ok. 60% zdjęć było pokrytych chmurami w ponad 95%. Dane te porównano również z wynikami zachmurzenia w najbliższej stacji meteorologicznej w Ny-Ålesund. In many parts of the world, glaciers are the main source of water supply for hundreds of millions of people, a source of electricity generation or an element responsible for the local structure of flora and fauna. It is recognized that the dynamics of the mass balance of glaciers are an early response to the currently observed climate change, associated with long-term industrial and post-industrial activities. Due to the location of glaciers and difficult direct access to them, research expeditions are exposed to high costs associated with ensuring safety and logistics, as well as supplying them with equipment necessary to conduct research. The example of the COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to additional, previously unforeseen difficulties with the organization of research expeditions. In relation to the above, remote methods of obtaining data on glaciers, including widely used remote sensing methods, are becoming extremely important. The polar areas that accumulate most of the ice on the Earth are observed with selected satellites much more often than areas located in moderate and low latitudes. This is due to the overlapping of successive acquisition paths towards the poles. The shortened time interval between acquisitions creates potentially high possibilities of using this data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Czarnecki Mariusz. Zdrowie Psychiczne w żegludze transoceanicznej = Mental Health in transoceanic sailing. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):113-122. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57188 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3656 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/735206 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Zdrowie Psychiczne w żegludze transoceanicznej Mental Health in transoceanic sailing Mariusz Czarnecki mariusz.czarnecki@student.umed.wroc.pl Zakład Medycznych Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu Abstrakt Wprowadzenie Stres Kapitana w żegludze transoceanicznej jest nieunikniony. Wpływ stresu na zdrowie osób, które wykonują zawód wymagający wielkiej odpowiedzialności za zdrowie i życie innych, taki jak konsultant medyczny, pielęgniarka, strażak, jest niepodważalny[i] [ii] [iii]. Samoświadomość występowania stresorów oraz sposobów radzenia sobie w sytuacjach skrajnych, przekłada się na potencjał zdrowia osób uprawiających zawód Kapitana[iv]. Cel pracy Określenie głównych stresorów towarzyszących osobom wykonującym zawód Kapitana w żegludze turystycznej, w tym wykazanie poziomu wiedzy na temat stresu i jego wpływu na zdrowie, decyzje oraz wykazanie sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresorami przez badanych. Materiał i metody W badaniu został wykorzystany narracyjny wywiad ekspercki, jako jedna z metod stosowanych w badaniach jakościowych. Został on przeprowadzony z celowo wybraną grupą Kapitanów, za pomocą otwartych wywiadów pogłębionych. W badaniu wzięło udział 5 Kapitanów w stopniu minimum Kapitana Jachtowego, a najwyższym stopniem był stopień Kapitana Żeglugi Wielkiej. Doświadczenie morskie zostało uwzględnione na podstawie wykazanych przez badanych odbytych mil morskich, których zakres wynosił od 20 000 do 200 000 mil morskich. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie lat 2013-2014, ze względu na ograniczony czas przebywania grupy badanej na lądzie. Po skompletowaniu materiał badawczego, została przeprowadzona indywidualna analiza wypowiedzi badanych oraz analiza grupowa służąca generalizacji trendów oraz postępowań u badanej grupy. Każdy z uczestników wyraził pisemną zgodę na udział w badaniu. Wyniki W przeprowadzonym badaniu szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wymienione przez Kapitanów rodzaje stresorów występujących podczas żeglugi oceanicznej. Dodatkowo omówiono poziom postrzegania i radzenia sobie ze stresem w badanej grupie, oraz świadomość zachowania prozdrowotnego mającego wpływ na potencjał zdrowia. Wnioski Osoby pełniące funkcję Kapitana na rejsach oceanicznych, wykazały się znajomością własnych stresorów towarzyszących podczas żeglugi. Dodatkowo wykazały się działaniami prowadzącymi do zachowania potencjału zdrowotnego. Osoby badane nie wykazały reakcji antyzdrowotnych i tendencji prowadzących do wystąpienia skutków powodowanych przez dystres. Słowa kluczowe: zdrowie psychiczne, stres, potencjał zdrowotny, żeglarstwo. Abstract Introduction The awareness of the stressors and how to cope with stressful situations has an impact on the health of people who practice the professions associated with a great responsibility for the health and lives of others, such as, medical consultants, nurses and firefighters. Practising the profession of yacht captain is associated with responsibility for the crew and a sailing vessel in various conditions, and therefore is inseparably linked with the occurrence of stressful situations. To the best of our knowledge, so far, little studies, in terms of stress, were conducted on captains, taking long cruises, such as transoceanic sailing,. Materials and methods In the presented work, 5 captains were studied. The qualitative research, with the use of an expert narrative interview, was used. The open-depth interviews with selected group of captains were performed, with a particular attention to the, indicated by responders, stressors occurring during transoceanic sailing. In addition, the level of perception and coping with stress in the study group, and awareness of healthy behaviour, affecting health of responders were discussed. Results The responders demonstrated the knowledge of the stressors associated with their profession. In addition, they demonstrated the ability to take action, aimed to preserve the health potential. Moreover, the subjects showed no unhealthy tendencies leading to the effects caused by distress. Conclusions The presented studies have confirmed the presence of stressors in the captain profession, however experienced captains showed high level of coping with stressful situation, proving their good and multidirectional training in their profession, also from psychological point of view. The scaled-up studies should be however incorporated into future research, including more developed tools to evaluate the intensity of individual stress and distress in captains. Key words: Naval Medicine, Stress Psychological, Mental Health, Sailors.

Copyright of Studies in Law: Research Papers / Studia Prawnicze. Rozprawy i Materialy is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)