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Unlabelled: Cancer antigen CA-125 is a marker that is primarily used to differentiate benign from malignant tumors as well as to monitor response to ovarian cancer treatment. Taken as a separate marker, it displays low sensitivity and specificity in ovarian cancer diagnosis; however, in combination with other markers it may be successfully applied especially in postmenopausal women. Elevated CA-125 levels in blood serum indicate cancerous as well as non-cancerous diseases. Research aiming to determine environmental factors that may have influence on antigen CA-125 level, and thus on the assessment of this marker's application in gynecological and oncological diseases continues., Objectives: the aim of the present research is an attempt to estimate the influence of nicotinism on antigen CA-125 in blood serum in patients with diagnosed benign ovarian tumors including endometrial cysts., Material and Methods: 174 women aged 16-85 years with diagnosed benign ovarian tumor were qualified for the study. In all patients level of antigen CA-125 in blood serum was assessed preoperatively and nicotinism history was taken. Also transvaginal ultrasound was performed to obtain preliminary diagnosis. Smoking and non-smoking patients were classified into two groups, namely of those with histopathologically confirmed cysts of endometrial type and those with non-endometrial benign ovarian tumors., Results: statistical analysis did not prove any dependence between the CS-125 antigen level and nicotinism in any of these groups. Also additional analysis with division into premenopausal and postmenopausal patients did not determine any statistically significant dependence., Conclusion: Nicotinism does not significantly influence the CA-125 antigen level in patients with benign However, the connection between the addiction severity and its influence on antigen CA-125 in blood serum cannot be excluded. ovarian tumors or endometrial cysts.

Background: In the group of adult patients being diagnosed from different neurological complaints frequency of pineal cyst occurrence is estimated at 0,1-4,9%. Frequency of its occurrence in pediatric population is unknown, however it is regarded as a common lesion at this age, more frequent in girls and older children. This structural lesion is usually asymptomatic, without sequels and clinical complications. However, neoplastic lesions may also localize in pineal cyst., Aim of the Study: Characterization of pineal cysts found in children diagnosed from different neurological diseases., Material and Methods: 45 children at the age range from 14 months to 17 years were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology Chair of Pediatric and Adolescent Neurology in the years 2006-2010. MR examination with contrast (with the use of Siemens device 1,5 T) revealed lesions in pineal gland defined as pineal cysts. Predominance of girls was observed in the group (33/45). Additionally older children between 10 and 15 years of age were dominating (27/ 45). In 24/45 children serum tumor markers AFP and betaHCG were determined. Examined group of patients with clinical symptoms which indicated necessity of MR examination performance was very heterogenic., Results: The diameter of pineal cyst was between 3-10 mm in 40/45 children, 13 mm in 2 children and 11 mm in 3 children (most often 4-5 mm in 18 children). Usually this lesion accompanied other congenital or acquired CNS disorders. In 1/3 of children included to the study, headaches were cause of brain MR examination. In 15 children brain MR examination was performed due to epileptic paroxysmal events. No positive values of tumor markers were found in any of examined children., Conclusions: 1. Pineal cysts are common structural lesions in children hospitalized from different neurological symptoms. 2. Pineal cysts were usually found in children diagnosed because of headaches and epilepsy, and these were the most often final diagnosis. 3. In the examined group children over the age of 10 years and female sex predominate. 4. It is suspected that in majority of hospitalized patients pineal cyst was an incidental finding, with no association with clinical symptoms.

Objectives: The study was undertaken to evaluate selected blood coagulation factors in patients undergoing surgery, due to endometrial cysts and other ovarian benign cysts., Materials and Methods: Women involved in our study had not received any previous treatment for endometriosis and they had no history of any prior haemostatic disorders. Blood samples were collected before surgery and investigated for plasminogen, alpha2-antyplasmin, PAI-1 and tPA activity. As a control group, we have analyzed patients with benign gynecological diseases treated in our Department., Results: We have noticed higher mean concentration of plasminogen and alpha2-antyplasmin and lower mean concentration of PAI-1 and tPA activity in our patients in comparison with control group. Obtained results did not show any statistical significance., Conclusions: Our analysis of haemostatic factors in blood samples did not show coagulation disorders in patients with endometriosis. Maybe there are only local coagulation disorders in endometrial tissue and its surrounding. In our opinion this problem requires further research and taking into consideration other factors.

In the serum of 21 women with malignant ovarian tumours, 13 with uterine myomas and 16 with cysts the concentrations were determined of alpha 1 inhibitor of proteases and alpha 2 macroglobulin by immunodiffusion, and the functional activity of both inhibitors which made possible calculation of the specific activity (units of inhibitory activity per one gram of inhibitor protein). In women with malignant tumours the specific activity of alpha 1 inhibitor was decreased, suggesting that a part of the inhibitor was functionally inactive. This decrease was statistically significant in relation to the control group and the groups of myomas and cysts, but was independent of the degree of disease progression. The specific activity of alpha 2 macroglobulin was significantly decreased only in patients with grade IV degrees of clinical progression (according to FIGO) in relation to the control group and to the group with cysts.