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Trazodone is a serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitor, approved for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Oral formulations are widely studied and marketed in several countries worldwide while there is little evidence to support use of parenteral formulation. Our narrative review summarizes pharmacological properties and clinical data concerning use of parenteral trazodone in mood disorders. PubMed and Web of Science were used to identify the most relevant literature. The main evidence concerns four studies evaluating efficacy in major depressive disorder and indicates that trazodone was well tolerated and effective. Off-label use in agitation associated with bipolar disorder is also reported in three studies, although prescription of concomitant treatment, as a confounding factor, may have influenced outcome measures. The limited available evidence supports parenteral trazodone use in major depressive disorder and suggests that trazodone is a suitable option in patients at high risk of treatment-emergent mania (TEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To identify possible differences, in terms of duration and severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, between victims of terrorist attacks and subjects who underwent other types of traumatic events. Methods. A sample of subjects suffering from PTSD was selected. After a clinical interview aimed at the collection of anamnestic data, CAPS to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD and DTS to assess frequency and severity of post-traumatic symptoms were administered. One-way ANOVA was used in order to compare the differences in the parameters analysed through the DTS scales and its clusters between the victims of terrorist attacks and patients undergone other traumatic events. Results. The duration of PTSD was 258 +/ - 144.9 months for people who underwent a terrorist attack and 41.6 +/ - 11.8 months for victims of other traumatic events. As regards the severity of the disorder, the total score of the DTS scale was 65.6 +/ - 26.9 in victims of terrorist attacks and 78.2 +/ - 28.2 in people who undergone other traumatic events. However, the difference was not statistically significant; Avoidance and Hypervigilance clusters showed an important statistical significance. Conclusions. No significant differences are present in terms of severity, showing that PTSD is a disabling disorder regardless the type of event that triggers it; however, a significant difference in terms of duration of the disorder leads to reflect on the importance of an early diagnostic process aimed toward the victims of terrorism, in order to avoid the risk of chronicity and progression to other psychiatric disorders such as depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual dysfunctions may have a significant effect on the quality of life, but are unreported and under-diagnosed. A review of recent literature highlights the correlation between dysfunction and a decreased quality of life in people with psychiatric comorbidity, and explores several aspects impacting care, from following the patient to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Sexual dysfunctions (SD) have been shown to be prevalent, but under-diagnosed and un-dertreated because of communication barriers between patients and physicians. Pharmacogenic and morbogenic causes of sexual problems are often difficult to differentiate. Psychiatric diseases may increase the risk of SD, and SD may further exacerbate psychiatric problems, suggesting a bi-directional relationship. Their effective treatment frequently involves combination of elements from psychotherapy, and behavioral along with pharmacotherapeutic intervention, if needed. The persistence of sexual problems has significant negative impact on patient's satisfaction and adherence with the treatment, quality of life and partnership. Routine assessment of sexual functioning needs to be integrated into ongoing care to identify and address problems early. If sexual dysfunction is ignored it may maintain the psychiatric disorder, compromise treatment outcome and lead to non-adherence and compromise treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)