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Introduction: Activity of factor VIII (FVIII) increased above 150% of reference range predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to identify predictors of increased FVIII activity in patients following VTE., Materials and Methods: 241 (38% men) patients presented due to objectively documented VTE episode at least 3 months ago were included in this study. FVIII activity was measured using a clotting assay on the analyzer BCS XP., Results: Among 241 patients with VTE, activity of FVIII above 150% (FVIII ≥ 150%) was observed in 96 (40%). These patients were older (p = 0.035) and their concentrations of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) were higher by 12% and 88% (p < 0.001), respectively, compared with other patients. There was a positive correlation between FVIII and fibrinogen (r = 0.34; p < 0.001), FVIII and CRP (r = 0.30; p < 0.001). Type of treatment, time from the VTE episode and type of VTE were not associated with FVIII. Twenty patients (8%) had activity of FVIII increased above 200% (FVIII > 200%) and this group was also older (p = 0.015), more patients in that group had obesity (p = 0.015), idiopathic VTE (p = 0.043), less of them had positive family history (p = 0.010) and they were characterized by fibrinogen and CRP increased by 28% (p < 0.001) and 102% (p = 0.004), respectively, compared with patients with FVIII between 150-200%. Independent predictors of FVIII ≥ 150% were: fibrinogen (p < 0.001), bilirubin (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.016), glucose (p = 0.040), CRP (p = 0.023), total homocysteine (p = 0.032). Fibrinogen was the only independent predictor of FVIII > 200% (p = 0.016)., Conclusions: The activity of FVIII in patients after VTE episode is influenced by age, concentration of fibrinogen, bilirubin, hemoglobin, glucose, CRP and homocysteine. Our results suggest the role of environmental factors, mainly inflammatory response in maintaining elevated FVIII activity following VTE.

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is still not clear. One of the supposed mechanisms are disturbences of motility of upper part of gastrointestinal tract. There only the few informations, concerning the role of retrograde refluxes., Aim of Study: Comparative analysis of grade of duodenogastric reflux intensity in healthy subjects and in patients with functional dyspepsia., Material and Methods: The study included 40 subjects with functional dyspepsia (the mean age 33.4 +/- 11.8) and 20 clinically healthy subjects (the mean age 36.9 +/- 10.5). Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome III Criteria. In study group other diseases and H. pylori infection were excluded. 24-hour bilirubin concentration monitoring in gastric juice was performed using spectrophotometer (Bilitec 2000, Medtronic). Seven days before the investigation. the patients were told to obtain from drugs intake. On the day of investigation an equal diet was applied., Results: In the group of healthy subjects the following results were obtained: the total percentage of absorbance time > 0.14 - 12.4 +/- 7.3%, the reflux index--2.6 +/- 1.6 (R/h). In group of subjects with functional dyspepsia the results were higher, respectively: 59.9 +/- 19.6% (p < 0.001) and 9.8 +/- 5.1 (p < 0.001). The total number of reflux and the number of reflux episode, lasting over 5 minutes were also higher., Conclusions: (1) In patients with functional dyspepsia the significant longer periods of bilirubin presence in stomach are observed (comparably with healthy subjects). (2) The intensive duodenogastric reflux could be be a reason of dyspeptic symptoms.

Though primary and secondary duodenogastric reflux (DGR) have been accepted in the medical literature as separate clinical units, reliable and standardised methods of detection have not been known since long. Therefore, the role of DGR in the pathogenesis of upper GI tract diseases makes a problem. So far applied measurement techniques allow only indirect diagnosis of DGR, which is often unphysiological and not objective. These methods do not allow also quantitative evaluation. Unsatisfying results obtained with the use of these methods and further search for the effective system of 24-hour monitoring of bilirubin concentration, which is indirect marker of alkaline reflux Bilitec 2000 is the most physiologic technique of ambulatory recording of the retrograde duodenogastric reflux. It makes possible objective diagnosing of alkaline gastritis as a result of excessive exposure of gastric mucose to destructive effect of bile and pancreatic juice.

Authors analysed concentration of erythropoietin (EPO) in fetal blood from pregnancies complicated by serologic conflict. There was conducted the trial of settle correlation between EPO activity in fetal blood and bilirubin concentration in amniotic fluid and its optical density ratio obtained by amniopuncture in the same pregnancies.

Concentrations of glucose, bilirubin, H+ ions, estriol, HPL were determined in the samples of amniotic fluid from post term and near term pregnancies. Investigated group consisted of samples taken between 42-43 week of gestation, control group between 38-40 week. In both groups biochemical tests of pulmonary maturation--Lectin/Sphingomyelin ratio, foam test, 650 nm absorbance were carried out. In the diagnosis of post term pregnancy glucose concentrations, oestrogens, HPL, 650 nm adsorption, foam test and L/S ratio had proper diagnostic value. No differences were observed in bilirubin concentrations.

The male rats of Wistar strain were exposed to the vapours of arabic petroleum Abu-Dhaki Zakun at concentration of 1500 mg/m3 during 12 weeks, 6 times weekly per 90 minutes daily. The biochemical examinations of blood serum (aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase total protein level and its fractions, bilirubin level) and histopathological and histochemical examinations of the liver have revealed no deviations from the normal state.