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Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistica Copernicana is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is dedicated to verbs expressing approval for actions intended to reveal falshood. It considers four units: [ktoś] zadał kłam [czemuś] ([sb] proved [sth] false]), [ktoś] odkłamał [coś] ([sb] put [sth] straight]), [ktoś] zdementował [coś] ([sb] denied [sth]), and [ktoś] sprostował [coś] ([sb] corrected [sth]). Predicates one and two presuppose the falsehood of the content specified in the sentence. In the case of predicates three and four, the untruthfulness of a certain propositional content is ascertained by the rhematic part of the meaning. It is only the verb odkłamać (to put straight) that indicates that the content in question is a lie (kłamstwo). In the case of other units, falsehood can be an effect of a mistake or oversight. A characteristic feature of units two-four is also that they imply that the agent revealing the falsehood has said something. Despite the fact that the examined group of expressions is small, it sheds light on the essential mechanism of speaking. Namely, it shows the significance of the inclination of discourse as such towards truth. Eradicating falsehood from communicative interaction involves an approval for the agent's actions that is fused into the structure of meanings of lexemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study completes the compilation of the questionnaire on Chinese undergraduates’ moral values from six moral values dimensions: honesty and compliance, civility and self-discipline, love, unity and be helpful, esteem and filial respect. The questionnaire has 31 questions in all, taking advantage of Likert scale. Using this scale, its alpha reliability reach 0.887 with clear internal structure. The validity is well and the model fitting index accords with statistical measurement, which covers the shortage of empirical study on Chinese undergraduate students’ moral values. The measurement, which focused undergraduate moral values, is compiled by a total of 768 valid samples from 6 colleges. Measurement results show that there are sequences of orientation on Chinese undergraduates’ moral values approval, and the order is: Honesty and compliance, civility and discipline, filial respect unity and be helpful, love and esteem; while gender differences do exist. The male undergraduates’ identity level of honesty and compliance, civility and self-discipline, love, and filial respect ranks higher than that of female undergraduates; however, the differences, between male and female undergraduates, on unity and being helpful, as well as esteem are not significant.

The Social Board of each municipality in Sweden is responsible for providing care for children in need of it. A child may be placed with a foster family or in an institution, with or without its own or its parents’ consent. Most such placements are consensual, in which cases the child’s consent as well as that of its parents is required if the child is 15 or older (adulthood is deemed to begin at 18); the child’s views must be taken into account regardless of its age. The majority of placements are with foster families being considered the best alternative for a child who for whatever reason cannot remain with its parents. Recent revelations of child abuse in foster care environments have resulted in Swedish legislation on the subject undergoing certain amendments. An investigation of standing legislation on the approval and supervision of foster families makes clear that more needs to be done to prevent child abuse. Improvements must be made in specifying the requirements that need to be met in choosing a foster family; present legislation fails to state these with sufficient clarity. It is also proposed that the Social Board have not only the right but the obligation to inquire into any relevant criminal records and to take the findings of such inquiry into account in arriving at its decisions. It is further proposed that an independent professional supervisor should be brought in to oversee the selection process to better assure that the child’s best interests are being served.