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Copyright of Studia Jezykoznawcze: Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badan polszczyzny is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The image of the road and wandering is a recurring theme in the poems collected in the volume Po obu stronach słowa [On both sides of the word] by Olena Duć-Fajfer. Road is a symbolic and ambiguous component of space experienced by the Lemko people, which is depicted by the use of the noun droga [road] and its synonyms ścieżka [path] and labirynt [maze] as well as adverbs blisko [near] and daleko [far], and pronouns tam [there]. The author uses a number of verbal forms (verbs and participles). As regards the cultural experience of space, one may say that Olena Duć-Fajfer considers Lemkivshchyna to be the centre of the world, a sacred place. For her, each Lemko is on its periphery, in the profane, and spends his or her life trying to reach the centre. The Lemkos can be compared to the pilgrims of the Romantic era, as they searched for their nineteenth-century homeland while in exile; they missed their homeland in terms of both geography (space) and spirituality (culture and symbolism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Jezykoznawcze: Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badan polszczyzny is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Jezykoznawcze: Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badan polszczyzny is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Cardiology / Polski Przeglad Kardiologiczny is the property of Cornetis SP. Z.O.O. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to explore the names of sounds emanating from the animate world. The names have been semantically stratified and divided into the following two groups: HUMAN – NON-HUMAN. The HUMAN group includes names of sounds produced by humans as biological beings, as sentient and talking beings, as working beings, and as creative and social beings. The NON-HUMAN group contains the names of sounds produced by animals and plants.

Plewińska drew creative inspiration from multi-sensory contact with nature in the countryside. For her, auditory perception was extremely important. In addition to sounds, however, the sensations resulting from their absence were equally significant. The state of silence is present in each of her poetry books. At the linguistic level, it is conveyed conventionally, i.e. using the noun „cisza” [silence], and its derivatives such as „cicho” [quietly], „cichutko” [very quietly], „cichy” [quiet], „cichnąć” [to fall silent], as well as „milczenie” [stillness] and „milczeć” [to be silent], and „zamilknąć” [to fall silent]. Similarly to folk tradition, the state of silence is used to celebrate transition (from life to death, from adulthood to old age) and to evoke the unknown and mysterious, i.e. the afterlife.

This article reads Lanchester’s The Wall (2019) as a novel that tests the limits of the bleakly pessimistic ‘dystopian structure of feeling’, which according to Moylan and Baccolini, is a dominant sensibility today. In my reading, I foreground the inherent ambivalences of dystopian enclosures in the novel, and claim that it is in their leakiness and fault lines thatThe Wallsees the possible breaking points in the totalizing tendency of today’s dystopian structure of feeling. Like other ‘fallible’ or ‘critical dystopias’, The Wall shows that ‘no dystopian reality is nightmarishly perfect, and that its seams may be picked apart’ [Suvin 2010: 395]. I concentrate on the ‘seams’, arguing that this is here thatthe cognitive paralysis characteristic of the dystopian structure of feeling, and the related incapacitation of imaginationcan be challenged. I also analyse some of the metafictional aspects of Lanchester’s dystopia and make a case for their importance in the process of ‘the education of desire’, which – according to Ruth Levitas and other utopian scholars – constitutes the central feature of the broadly conceived utopianism. Moreover, this articles claims that Lanchester’s novel examines the debilitating effects of the desire for protection and safety, shows their dystopian ramifications and urges to desire security differently.

This paper explores the range of colour names, their frequency and functions, in the poetry of Stanisława Plewińska from Deszczno, Poland. The research material comprises 46 colour names w 131 text occurrences, representing 13 semantic fields, including one general field and 12 specialised ones. In her poems, Plewińska uses a diverse range of colours. Her poetry is full of all shadesof the canonical colour set. She favours colour expressions from the following semantic fields: green (30 occurrences), white (29 occurrences), and black (20 occurrences), which indicates her love for achromatic colour schemes and the colour which is imminent in nature. The analysis also shows that the poet uses: gold (15 occurrences) and blue (7 occurrences). She rarely mentions colours from the semantic field of yellow (4x), grey (4x), silver (4x), red (3x), purple (2x) or brown (1x). The poet never uses the colours from the semantic fields of orange or pink.

This paper aims to describe the types of space in the poetry of folk poet Stanisława Plewińska in her debut poetry collection Polny kwiat (Flower of the Field) and to identify the linguistic and stylistic means used to create the space types. The study of lexical and stylistic material has shown that the poet from Deszczno depicts various types of space: her immediate surroundings, the region, Poland, and the world. It should be noted that in most cases the space of her home is present in her lyrical description.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between scoliosis compensation and postural responses in school girls. Material and Methods. Spinal testing was carried out using the photogrammetric Moiré method. Based on the angle size of the spinal curvature, scoliosis posture was distinguished: 1-9° and scoliosis: ≥10°. Postural reactions were examined using the ST 310 Plus Stability System, Tecnobody platform. Results. There were 21 (75%) children with scoliotic posture and 7 (25%) with scoliosis (25%). In primary spinal clavicular, both during tests with open and closed eyes, there were significant direct proportional correlations between clavicular and postural responses. Higher values of clavicular variables were accompanied by increased postural responses. In secondary claviculars, both during tests conducted with open and closed eyes, there were significant but inversely proportional correlations between scoliotic variables and postural responses. Higher values of the sclerotic variables were accompanied by a decrease in postural responses. Conclusion. In compensated scoliosis, by alignment of primary and secondary claviculars, lower postural amplitudes of postural responses were observed. Scoliosis therapy should be directed towards the correction of the primary deflection. Levelling secondary deflections must be subordinated to this. Reducing secondary deflections without simultaneous compensation of the primary deflections is detrimental.

The aim of the research was to demonstrate the differences in amplitudes of postural reactions in girls with scoliotic posture and idiopathic scoliosis. 28 girls aged 7-18 years old were involved in the study. Children attended to the Interschool Centre of Corrective Exercises in Starachowice. The research was conducted in June 2011. Spine research was made by Exhibeon digital radiography. Based on the size of the angle of spinal curvature there were identified: scoliotic posture: 1-9° and scoliosis: ≥10°. Postural reactions were examined by static-dynamic Tecnobody’s ST 310 Plus Stability System platform. There were 21 (75%) children with scoliotic posture, and 7 (25%) with idiopathic scoliosis. Student's t-test showed a significantly higher postural reactions for scoliosis in relation to scoliotic postures in case of: Average Forward-Backward Speed (OE), (p=0,05), Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (CE), (p=0,002), and Ellipse area (CE), (p=0,012). To verify the significant differences, demonstrating the lack of homogeneity of variance, the Mann–Whitney U-test has been used, which showed a significant differences between the scoliotic posture and scoliosis in case of: Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (CE), (p=0,0012), Average Forward-Backward Speed (OE), (p=0,0548), and Ellipse area (CE) (p=0,0047). Together with an increase of the angle of curvature, the value of these postural reactions also grew. Most of postural reactions didn’t fit the norm.

Summarizing the result of x-rays and Diers Formetric III 4 D, it can be concluded that the girl received improved on as a result of the treatment method of F.E.D.. The angle of the original curvature was 56 ° in the thoracic region and 50 ° in the lumbar region measured by Cobb. After corrections were obtained curvature of the spine, which respectively in the thoracic region 46 °, and 45 ° lumbar. In addition, the method of opto-Diers Formetric III 4 D allows a constant control and evaluation of the progress of the therapy method F.E.D. is completely devoid of harmful x-rays. By comparing the results of the angles in the curve and the degree of rotation in all of the studies, it can be concluded that the results represent a significant correction of spine patients. In addition, was a link between the tests and X-RAY Diers Formetric 4 D. Angles in the curve in both studies were situated within the limits of the measurement errors which proves their correlation. So far, however, no studies have been conducted on a large research group in order to prove the direct correlation between the two diagnostic methods. This system can be presented to the various clinical issues an objective and quantitative analysis of body posture and scoliosis. This is currently the most modern non-invasive evaluation system.

Wilczyński Jacek, Kabała Magdalena, Paprocki Michał, Rychter Paweł, Wilczyński Igor. Evaluation of postural stability of people with Parkinson's disease with Biodex Balance System device. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):365-376. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163020 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3953 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.10.2016. Revised 02.10.2016. Accepted: 20.10.2016. Evaluation of postural stability of people with Parkinson's disease with Biodex Balance System device Jacek Wilczyński1, Magdalena Kabała, Michał Paprocki, Paweł Rychter, Igor Wilczyński 1 Head: Department of Neurology, Neurological Rehabilitation and Kinesitherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Al. IX Wieków Kielc, 25-317 Kielce, 19, Tel. 603-703-926, e-mail: jwilczyński@onet.pl dr hab. n. o k.f. prof. UJK Jacek Wilczyński, licencjat Magdalena Kabała, mgr Michał Paprocki, mgr Paweł Rychter, licencjat Igor Wilczyński Summary Parkinson's disease is an incurable disease of the CNS of progressive and chronic course. Postural Stability of people with Parkinson's is hindered what predisposes to falls. In a person standing seemingly motionless body performs small oscillatory movements caused by differences in antigravity muscle tension. This mechanism is called postural rocking and mobility associated with it is referred to as postural sway. The parameters of rocking are very sensitive indicator of balance control, and can be used to evaluate and detect pathological changes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stability of posture of people with Parkinson's disease on the basis of posturographic examination.The age range of the patients was from 52 to 85 years (mean 71.8 years). In terms of age the patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 9 people to 75 years old, while the other of 8 people over 75 years old. The postural stability was assessed with Biodex Balance System. The study was performed at the Laboratory of Posturology at the Institute of Physiotherapy at UJK in Kielce. Although Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant differences in postural stability between the sexes, its lower values are reported for men. A standing position of the subjects was characterized by greater deviation in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane (A/P>M/L) with a tendency to tilt backwards. There were better postural stability results in the younger group (group 1), up to 75 years old. The subjects in this group obtained significantly lower values of postural stability (t°=2.2744, pM/L) z tendencją do odchylania się do tyłu. Zaobserwowano lepsze wyniki stabilności posturalnej w grupie osób młodszych (grupa 1) do 75 roku życia. Badani tej grupy uzyskali istotnie niższe wartości stabilności posturalnej (t°= 2,2744, p

Wilczyński Jacek, Karolak Przemysław, Paprocki Michał, Rychter Paweł, Wilczyński Igor. Korelacje porządku rang Charlesa Spearmana pomiędzy zmianami postawy w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej a reakcjami posturalnymi u dziewcząt w wieku 12-15 lat = Correlations of Charles Spearman rank order between changes of posture in a sagittal plane and postural reactions in girls aged 12-15 years. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):38-54. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51100 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3509 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 05.05.2016. KORELACJE PORZĄDKU RANG CHARLESA SPEARMANA POMIĘDZY ZMIANAMI POSTAWY W PŁASZCZYŹNIE STRZAŁKOWEJ A REAKCJAMI POSTURALNYMI U DZIEWCZĄT W WIEKU 12-15 LAT CORRELATIONS OF CHARLES SPEARMAN RANK ORDER BETWEEN CHANGES OF POSTURE IN A SAGITTAL PLANE AND POSTURAL REACTIONS IN GIRLS AGED 12-15 YEARS Jacek Wilczyński, Przemysław Karolak, Michał Paprocki, Paweł Rychter, Igor Wilczyński Instytut Fizjoterapii, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, UJK w Kielcach dr hab. n. o k. f. Jacek Wilczyński, mgr Przemysław Karolak, mgr Michał Paprocki, mgr Paweł Rychter, licencjat Igor Wilczyński Instytut Fizjoterapii, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, UJK w Kielcach Słowa kluczowe: korelacje porządku rang Charlesa Spearmana, zmiany postawy w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej, reakcje posturalne. Key words: correlations of Charles Spearman rank, changes of posture in a sagittal plane, postural reactions. Streszczenie Celem pracy była analiza korelacji porządku rang Spearmana pomiędzy zmianami postawy w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej a reakcjami posturalnymi u dziewcząt w wieku 12-15 lat. W badaniach brało udział 247 dziewcząt w wieku 12-15 lat ze Szkoły Podstawowej Nr 13 i Gimnazjum Nr 4 w Starachowicach. Badania wykonano w listopadzie 2005 roku. W badaniach postawy zastosowano technikę fotogrametrii przestrzennej wykorzystującą efekt mory projekcyjnej. W badaniach reakcji równoważnych zastosowano platformę Cosmogamma by Emildue R 50300. Wykonywano standardowy test Romberga w staniu swobodnym. Do analizy statystycznej zastosowano średnią arytmetyczną (x) i odchylenie standardowe (s). Rozkłady zmiennych opisujących postawę analizowano testem Liliefors. Reakcje posturalne zweryfikowano pod względem normalności rozkładu testem Kołmogorowa-Smirnowa. W przypadku, gdy rozkład próby różnił się istotnie od normalnego dla wyznaczenia współzależności dwóch cech zastosowano nieparametryczny test korelacji Spearmana. W grupie dziewcząt dominowały korelacje wprost proporcjonalne, których było siedem: DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DLL/SPOY (CE), DKP/PP (OE). Korelacje odwrotnie proporcjonalne wystąpiły w czterech przypadkach: RLL/PP (CE), DCK WZR/SPOX (OE), DLL/PP (CE), KLL/SPOY (OE). Korelacje istotne statystycznie częściej występowały, kiedy test Romberga odbywał się z oczami otwartymi (OE): DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DKP/PP (OE), DCK WZR/SPOX (OE) KLL/SPOY (OE). Wśród korelacji z oczami otwartymi (OE) było sześć wprost proporcjonalnych: DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DKP/PP (OE) i tylko dwie ujemne: DCK WZR/SPOX (OE), KLL/SPOY (OE). W teście Romberga z oczami zamkniętymi (CE) wystąpiła jedna istotna korelacja dodatnia: DLL/SPOY (CE) i dwie korelacje ujemne: RLL/PP (CE), DLL/PP (CE). Summary The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of the Spearman rank order between changes of posture in the sagittal plane and postural reactions in girls aged 12-15 years. The studies included 247 girls aged 12-15 years from the Primary School No. 13 and Grammar School No. 4 in Starachowice. The study was performed in November 2005. The research approach used photogrammetry technique that uses spatial projection moiré effect. The study of balance reaction sense study used the Cosmogamma platform by Emildue R 50300. Romberg test was performed in a standard free standing. For statistical analysis, the arithmetic mean (x) and standard deviation (s) were used. The distributions of variables describing the posture were analyzed by Liliefors test. Postural reactions were verified in terms of distribution normality with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. If the distribution of the sample differed significantly from normal, for determining the correlation between two characteristics, nonparametric Spearman correlation test was used. In the group of girls dominated proportional correlations, in the number of seven: DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DLL/SPOY (CE), DKP/PP (OE). Correlates inversely proportional occurred in four cases: RLL/PP (CE), DCK WZR/SPOX (OE), DLL/PP (CE), KLL/SPOY (OE). Statistically significant correlations were more frequent when the Romberg test was conducted with eyes open (EO): DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DKP/PP (OE), DCK WZR/SPOX (OE) KLL/SPOY (OE). Among the correlation with eyes open (EO) was six directly proportional: DELTA/SPOY (OE), DKP/GP (OE), DKP/DS (OE), DKP/PB (OE), GLL/SPOY (OE), DKP/PP (OE) and only two negative: DCK WZR/SPOX (OE), KLL/SPOY (OE). In the Romberg test with eyes closed (CE) there was one significant positive correlation: DLL/SPOY (CE) and two negative correlations of: RLL/PP (Z), DLL/PP (CE).

Paprocki Michał, Rychter Paweł, Wilczyński Jacek. Dokładnośc badania postawy ciała metodą optoelektroniczną Diers Formetric III 4D w porównaniu z wynikiem zdjęcia RTG = Accuracy of the optoelectronic test body posture Formetric Diers Method III 4D in comparison with the result of the x-ray pictures. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):385-398. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50535 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3489 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 27.04.2016. DOKŁADNOŚC BADANIA POSTAWY CIAŁA METODĄ OPTOELEKTRONICZNĄ DIERS FORMETRIC III 4D W PORÓWNANIU Z WYNIKIEM ZDJĘCIA RTG Michał Paprocki, Paweł Rychter, Jacek Wilczyński Instytut fizjoterapii, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska mgr Michał Paprocki mgr Paweł Rychter dr hab. n o k.f. prof. UJK Jacek Wilczyński Streszczenie Wstęp: Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena dokładności badania postawy ciała metodą Diers Formetric III 4D w porównaniu z wynikami zdjęć RTG. Dokonano analizy zdjęcia RTG pacjenta oraz porównano go z wynikiem uzyskanym metodą Diers Formetric III 4D. Materiał i metody: Materiał badawczy stanowił jeden pacjent. Był nim chłopak w wieku lat 16 o wzroście 171cm i wadze 52,5 kg. Pacjent został poddany dwóm badaniom. Pierwsze to zdjęcie RTG całego kręgosłupa natomiast drugie badania zostało wykonane metodą Diers Formetric III 4D. Przed przystąpieniem do leczenia został zebrany wywiad pacjenta. Wyniki: Podsumowując wynik badania Diers Formetric III 4D można stwierdzić, że chłopiec ten miał skoliozę idiopatyczną trzyłukową. Metoda optoelektroniczna Diers formetric III 4D umożliwia szybki, pozbawiony szkodliwego promieniowania i wielkopowierzchniowy optyczny pomiar pleców i kręgosłupa. Porównując wyniki kątów skrzywienia oraz stopnia rotacji w obu badaniach można stwierdzić iż wyniki mieszczą się w błędzie pomiarowym. Słowa kluczowe: zdjęcie RTG, metoda Cobba, kąt skoliozy, postawa ciał. Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of the testing body posture Formetric Diers method III 4D in comparison with the results of X-RAY images. Analyses x-ray pictures of the patient and compares it with the result obtained by Formetric Diers III 4D. Material and methods: The research Material represented one patient. He is boy at the age of 16 years for growth 171cm and weight 52.5 kg. The patient was subjected to two tests. The first is a radiograph of the entire spine while the second test was done by Formetric Diers III 4D. Before attempting to treat the patient's interview has been harvested. Search results: summing up the result of the test Diers Formetric III 4Dd, it can be concluded that the boy had this three arcs idiopathic scoliosis. Optoelectronic method Diers Formetric III 4D provides fast, devoid of harmful radiation and measuring the optical centres of the back and spine. By comparing the results of the curvature of the angles and the degree of rotation in both studies, it can be concluded that the results are in the measuring error wrong. Keywords: x-ray, Cobb method, the angle of the scoliosis, attitude.

W artykule zaprezentowano analizę pomiaru czasu martwego detektora nieparaliżowalnego metodą dwóch źródeł. Wyznaczono optymalny podział czasu pomiaru częstości zliczeń dla pomiaru jednym i dwoma źródłami. Wyniki pracy mogą być wykorzystane do optymalizacji systemów zliczających fotony lub cząstki.

Gain prediction theory of single foil Gas Electron Multiplier detector was developed. Gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector with single foil was developed. Soft X-ray spectra with an energy of 5.9 keV emitted by the isotope Fe-55 were measured. On this basis, the dependence of gain and energy resolution from the detector voltage was determined. The simple theory of gain dependence on various detector parameters was developed. Preliminary results of the study confirmed the potential usefulness of the GEM detector as a substitute for the multiwire proportional chamber.

A cancer diagnosis provides significantly level of emotional distress and discomfort both for patient and his family. They must confront themselves with the new, difficult reality. A cancer-related distress may promote the serious psychic disturbances and influenced negatively the therapeutic process. The good interpersonal relationship between physician and patient clearly decreased the level of fear and depression, improved patient's physical and psychical state. Patients who have good communication with their physician are more prone to good adherence and compliance which are essential for the effective therapeutic process. This article discusses the role of relationship between physician and patient regarding its influence on compliance and provides a review of different types of therapeutic contact and the principles of building the physician-patient relationship.