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Transplantology is a branch of medicine that is developing rapidly. Transplanted whole organs or segments of organs may be recovered from either living or deceased donors. New methods of preserving transplanted solid organs, including the kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas, as well as tissues, such as the cornea and skin, are being developed. Preservation fluid, which is used to perfuse and store the donated organ or tissue, should reduce biological deterioration of organs and tissue, attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell/tissue injury, and protect against damage. Lowering the storage temperature of organs significantly reduces the risk of damage. Efforts are also made to shorten the time between collecting the organ or tissue from the donor and transplanting it in the recipient. However, during transplantation, the recipient may become infected, primarily with bacteria and fungi. Infections of organ recipients occur most often due to unhygienic organ collection, improper handling and transport, and inappropriate preservation conditions, especially contamination of preservation fluid. The literature on contamination of organ preservation fluid and infections in graft recipients is very diverse, both in terms of the isolated bacterial and fungal species and the number of incidents. A large percentage of contaminating microorganisms belong to the generally non-pathogenic skin microbiota, but there are also cases of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Besides, the transplanted organs themselves may pose a danger. They may contain latent microorganisms, mainly viruses and parasites, that could be activated in a patient who has been subjected to immunosuppression to reduce the risk of organ rejection.

Artykuł zarysowuje proces kształtowania się pamięci zbiorowej mieszkańców Wrocławia po 1945 roku. Zwraca uwagę na różnorodność sposobów odwoływania się do przeszłości (niemieckiej historii miasta, zmitologizowanych dziejów Polski, pamięci „ojczyzn prywatnych”). Wskazuje na rolę, jaką odgrywa w pamięci miasta pamięć komunikacyjna, związana z wrastaniem w tę przestrzeń kolejnych pokoleń, i jej przekształcanie się w pamięć kulturową. W tekście stosuje się kategorię mnemotoposu, podkreślając symboliczny, a nie topograficzny charakter miejsc pamięci. Podkreślona zostaje także rola, jaką mnemotoposy i ich układy odgrywają w budowaniu tożsamości miasta. Artykuł jest wprowadzeniem do prezentacji i analizy wybranych wrocławskich mnemotoposów.

Maryja jest ikoną chrześcijańskiej wiary i obiektem szczególnej czci. Jest tak, chociaż brak wyraźnych śladów kultu maryjnego w tekstach biblijnych. Niemniej późniejszy rozwój pobożności maryjnej ma swoje źródła właśnie w Biblii, czego dowodzą teksty liturgiczne. Ten teologiczny fenomen recepcji maryjnych tekstów biblijnych w lex orandi Kościoła stanowi przedmiot przedłożonych analiz. O kolejności i strukturze analiz zdecydowały wypowiedzi trzech postaci biblijnych: anioła Gabriela (Łk 1,26–38), krewnej Elżbiety (Łk 1,39–45) i anonimowej kobiety z tłumu (Łk 11,27–28). Na drodze badań interdyscyplinarnych, na bazie metody historyczno-krytycznej uzupełnionej o analizy narracyjne i kontekstualno-opisowe, artykuł naświetla oddziaływanie orędzia biblijnego (Wirkungsgeschichte) na liturgię Kościoła na przykładzie godnościowych tytułów Maryi w lex orandi Kościoła na przestrzeni wieków. Okazuje się, iż słowa postaci biblijnych były istotną podstawą rozwoju pobożności maryjnej. W świetle Biblii Maryja jest szczęśliwą (μακαρία), błogosławioną (εὐλογημένη) i pełną łaski (κεχαριτωμένη) Matką Pana (Łk 1,43). Celebracja tej prawdy w akcie liturgicznym owocowała w ciągu wieków jeszcze pełniejszym poznaniem wielkiej godności Maryi.

Przedmiotem rozprawy są dwa teksty Romana Ingardena poświęcone filmowi: krótki fragment książki O dziele literackim z 1931 r., zatytułowany Widowisko kinematograficzne („film”), oraz niezależnie opublikowany w 1947 r. większy szkic Kilka uwag o sztuce filmowej. Dzieło filmowe ujmowane jest w nich w całym systemie fenomenologicznej teorii sztuki, porównywane do innych dzieł (np. teatru czy malarstwa), przede wszystkim zaś do literatury, z którą dzieli wspólne cechy warstwowości i intencjonalności. Stefan Morawski rekonstruuje ten system, a następnie zadaje pytanie o miejsce filmoznawczej refleksji Ingardena na tle światowej teorii swego czasu. W konkluzjach wybrzmiewa, że o ile nie stanowi ona oryginalnych rozpoznań, o tyle w znaczący sposób wpłynęła na dalszy rozwój filmoznawstwa (zwłaszcza w Polsce) i zawiera szereg inspiracji do dalszych badań. (Materiał nierecenzowany; pierwodruk: „Kwartalnik Filmowy” 1958, nr 32, s. 17-32).

Artykuł ma na celu prezentację tłumaczenia z łaciny kościelnej na język polski wraz z komentarzem do dzieła angielskiego dwunastowiecznego opata z cysterskiego opactwa w Rievaulx, Aelreda, pt. Pewien wspaniały cud. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy części: krótka nota dotycząca życia i twórczości Aelreda (1110-1167), jego spuścizna literacka z uwzględnieniem tłumaczeń na język polski (1); przedstawienie samego utworu z uwzględnieniem jego środowiska, historii, znaczenia i przeznaczenia (2). Pierwsza część jest autorstwa redaktora niniejszego przedsięwzięcia, Ryszarda Gronia; drugą część napisała prof. Marsha L. Dutton, z Uniwersytetu z Ohio w USA, zaproszona do współpracy. Tłumaczenia z łaciny podjął się Robert Sochań, tłumaczenia artykułu prof. Dutton z j. angielskiego dokonał Ryszard Groń. Trzecią część stanowi już polski tekst prezentowanego dzieła Aelreda (3).

Lessons in phonetics and phonology are not always fun for learners and students in German as a Foreign and Second Language and in German Studies Abroad. In an interdisciplinary conceptual sketch, the artist Stefan Reiss and the linguist Oliver Herbst want to react to this problem. The aim of the two authors is to make the lessons more illustrative and more thrilling for learners and students. Therefore, they want to visualize sounds in colour. Under the title “Colour Alphabet”, Stefan Reiss has been working since 2015 on how he can translate linguistic sounds into hues and chromatic values. In the exchange of ideas of both, Oliver Herbst had the idea that the artist’s work could be used for teaching. Visualizing sounds in colour should support listening and speaking training. The learners should recognize the importance of accuracy in pronunciation. Maybe a valuable Colour Alphabet designed according to artistic criteria will motivate the group to discuss which colour could stand for which sound. Concerning the considerations for teaching, an interactive digital e-learning platform in the form of an app would be conceivable. The learners could also create their own colour concept of sounds. The platform could focus on pronunciation exercises – with a special role for the minimal couples. Regional and contrastive aspects could also be integrated into the concept.

W artykule scharakteryzowano nowe placówki kształcenia ustawicznego – branżowe centra umiejętności, które zostały zapisane w Krajowym Planie Odbudowy i Zwiększania Odporności (KPO). W szczególności przedstawiono cele i funkcje tych placówek oraz formy ich działalności.

The environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil organisms is mainly based on the results of laboratory and extended laboratory studies while the link from the laboratory to realistic field conditions over several seasons is not well established. The current environmental risk assessment is applied to a single active ingredient and does not consider that soil organisms are exposed to varying degrees to a mixture of active ingredients from different pesticides. In this study, earthworm samples were collected from eight fields in Croatia during two growing seasons and analyzed for 300 active ingredients. The concentrations of 26 analyzed active ingredients ranged between 0.000 and 0.247 mg/kg earthworm fresh weight with a mean of 0.005 mg/kg earthworm fresh weight. The percentage of samples with values below the limit of detection (LOD = ½ LOQ), values below the limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.001 mg/kg) and values above LOQ were 33, 44 and 23 %, respectively. Based on publicly available draft assessment reports from European Commission and European Food Safety Authority, degradation parameters (DT50, DT90) were used to calculate degradation curves and the current concentration in soil at the date of earthworm sampling. Subsequently, compound-specific bioconcentration factors in soil were determined by dividing the analyzed pesticide residues in earthworms by the calculated concentrations in soil. The results of the study showed that most active ingredients do not pose a risk to earthworms and have no secondary poisoning potential to birds and mammals that feed on them. The retrospective analysis method of analytically measured neonicotinoid residues in earthworm samples can be reliably used to calculate degradation and concentration curves in soil at the time of sampling.

V tomto článku je představen výpočetní model, který lze použít k předpovědi ohřevu povrchů izolačních materiálů nízkoproudými vysokonapěťovými oblouky. Výboj je reprezentován tzv. tříválcovým modelem. Na jeho základě jsou vypočteny tepelné toky na povrchu izolačního materiálu a jeho ohřev pomocí tepelné kondukce a konvekce. Výsledky výpočtu jsou porovnány s měřením povrchové teploty na modelovém uspořádání. Celkový model velmi dobře reprodukuje dynamické chování ohřevu. Kvantitativní odchylky od měření se pohybují pouze v řádu několika procent.

This paper presents brief results of the analysis of educational potential dynamics and its relation with development of regional labour markets. The educational potential is described by the structure of the economically active population with different levels of education. The aim of the research was to study the impact of the educational potential of the economically active population on the development of regional markets in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Authors used for research the Eurostat data for the NUTS2 regions of the following CEE countries: Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Analysis of the distribution of educational potential of the economically active population of these CEE countries at the regional level was carried out using the methods of spatial econometrics and statistics. Research results demonstrated: insufficient response of local markets to changes in the structure of educational potential and the level of investment in fixed assets; strong state regulation of the unemployment rate in the former post-socialist countries (Czechia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia); complex relationships between labour productivity growth rates, average wages, changes in educational potential and unemployment rates; significant influence of the surrounding regional environment on the socio-economic processes taking place in certain regions.

Recenzja książki: Sławomir Zatwardnicki, Biblia „po katolicku”, czyli dlaczego nie sola Scriptura? (Pszenica i Kąkol; Warszawa – Poznań: W drodze, 2023), ss. 144, ISBN: 9788379066407.

Urban policy is driven by current trends and ideas. In the 20th century, it was mainly based on modernist views and the most important element of the transport planning policy at that time was the use of the private motor vehicle (car). As a result, transport policies in the 20th century were focused on large-scale road projects, while public transport was marginalized. However, this approach changed drastically at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries. Nowadays, the main emphasis is put on environmentally and user-friendly public transport. However, public urban transport often fails to meet the needs of the society. What are the reasons why urban public transport is still not as effective as it should be? The author of this article points in this respect to the poor policy of public bodies responsible for the provision of transport services for the society rather than to the poor quality of the transport law. There are two main areas for improvement - public service planning (defining the service) and cost-effectiveness of providing transport services. The author of the article proposes specific solutions in this regard.

W artykule przedstawiono sylwetki ukraińskich pedagogów współpracujących z pedagogami z Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na umiejętne łączenie przez nich pracy naukowej z działalnością organizacyjną, na tworzenie zespołów badawczych i przywództwo edukacyjne.

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Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kryzys bezpieczeństwa w Europie, będący konsekwencją inwazji Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę, przyczynił się do zintensyfikowania dyskusji w amerykańskich kręgach eksperckich i politycznych na temat optymalnej strategii, którą powinny przyjąć Stany Zjednoczone w obliczu konieczności podjęcia rywalizacji z Rosją i Chińską Republiką Ludową. Zdaniem autora artykułu w dialogu amerykańskich elit wyodrębniły się trzy główne nurty mające odmienne propozycje zarządzania rywalizacją z Moskwą i Pekinem: „hegemonistyczny”, „priorytetyzacji strategicznej” i neoizolacjonizmu. Wynik tej debaty pozostaje wciąż nierozstrzygnięty, ale zdecyduje o przyszłości miejsca USA w systemie międzynarodowym.

European Climate Law (EU Climate Law) shall become a critical element of future EU regulations and law-making process based on the Green Deal (EU climate and energy strategy) which is the result of the COP21 and Paris Agreement undersigned during the conference of United Nations by its worldwide members. With the actual climate challenges, the EU wishes to keep the leader's role and trend in terms of radical decrease of GHG emissions. Especially for that reason, a new regulatory framework was prepared with a comprehensive overawe of various EU policies. As a result of those expectations, the European Commission has prepared EU Climate Law endorsed by a strong political signal from the European Parliament and Council with its declaratory conclusions. This new legal act with its formula refers to many legal acts and EU policies such as “Fit for 55%” package , and many other energy-and climate related laws. It developed into an essential signal towards the EU Member States to keep comprehensive policies and plans towards climate neutrality. It should be underlined that this act will be a new opener towards upcoming legislative packages and potential financial instruments to come. Occasionally, EU policymakers use a controversial nomenclature defining Regulation as a “Climate Treaty” to emphasize the act’s significance and special regulatory status. The aim of the article is to present and clarify the background of the law-making process of the EU Climate Law and undercover the ongoing wave of the EU policies transformation towards net zero economy as well as to underline its importance for the future generations.

Gift and inheritance tax in the European Union Member States is calculated and charged in numerous ways. In the majority of countries of the European Economic Community it constitutes a separate tax. In several countries it is not charged at all or is part of the income tax. Despite the attempts made by the European Commission to unify the legislation of the Member States in this regard, there has been no success. The article presents the above-mentioned attempts of the European Commission, their results and consequences. It identifies the methods of avoiding a double or even triple taxation on cross-border inheritances or donations. This is of crucial significance also to the Polish citizens who demonstrate higher and higher investment activity in the countries of the European Economic Community and third countries.

Die sich ästhetisch zunehmend durchdringende zeitgenössische Theater- und Perfor­mancepraxis weisen ein erhebliches Innovations- und Diskurspotential auf, das sowohl spielästhetische als auch (post-)dramaturgische Fragen auslöst. Dabei interessieren u.a. folgende Aspekte, gerade auch im Hinblick auf die künstlerische Ausbildungspraxis, besonders: Schein, Authentizität, Repräsentationskritik, Autorschaft, Stückentwick­lung, (soziale) Teilhabe, Digitalisierung, Cross-gender-acting.

This paper represents a new attempt at determining the origin of the Proto-Slavic *soja 'jay'. Given the jay's habit of sowing acorns and other large seeds, and, consequently, the abundance of words denoting jay originating from words meaning acorn, oak, nut in various European languages, in this paper a new hypothesis on the origin of the Proto-Slavic name for jay has been postulated, namely of its origin from the verb *sěti/*sějati 'o sow'. In this article, it was shown that the ablaut ě : oj required by such etymology could have been both inherited from the Proto-Indo-European language and appear by analogy with other similar pairs of verb : deverbal noun during the Proto-Slavic period.

An Anatomy of Deism This article surveys a seemingly straightforward topic: seventeenth- and eighteenth-century deism. It is approached from a historical and philosophical standpoint, chiefly via the analyses of Wayne Hudson. An in-depth study of Hudson’s work indicates that we are dealing with an unexpected diversity of views, as outlined in works such as The English Deists. His remarks concerning various concepts which pass for deist would seem to spoil the fun of those who would seek to create simple visions of history and of a range of analytical philosophers. These investigations into deism also take a broader perspective, showing it as a characteristically modern rendition of non-religious divinity, expressed by the term “the god of philosophers”. The history of the travails of the separation of philosophical concepts of divinity from religious beliefs is important for at least two reasons. For one, it highlights a philosophical tendency to present a structure of reality independent of traditional religious imaginings, and for another it allows us to consider human historically-conditioned expectations and claims through the variety of ways of portraying “the divine”.

In his poem Mykhayl Svetlov (which is part of the 2007 collection Maradona) the Ukrainian writer Serhiy Zhadan deliberately alludes to the famous ballad Grenada published 1926 by the Russian Soviet poet Mikhail Svetlov. Selected elements from this lyrical text in Zhadan's own poem are combined with the depiction of life and death of Marat, a contemporary dubious businessman. Standing firmly on post-Soviet ground, Zhadan as a writer makes ample intertextual use of Svetlov's popular ballad in order to devaluate the former dominant Soviet discourse which throughout the whole collection Maradona is confronted with various elements of popular culture. As a result, the Soviet discourse is not openly challenged in Zhadan's poem Mykhayl Svetlov, but rather deconstructed from within.

This article focuses on the two epilogues of Qoheleth, namely 12:9–11 and 12:12–14 and is an attempt to unravel the relationship of the words of the sage with Torah, the latter featuring as miṣwōṯ in v. 13. It is often held that these epilogues were written by someone other than the author of the book at large, and that their function (especially that of the second one), is to highlight the importance of the Torah over and against the words of the wise. Such a position is hereby contested and a rereading of these epilogues is offered. Two specific questions are addressed: Are these epilogues, particularly the second one, meant to downplay the words of the wise in relation to Torah? Conversely, how do the images employed, namely those of the goad, the nails, and the shepherd, possibly constitute a subtle reference to the divine commandments given by God himself? An analysis of the structures of the two epilogues and of the concepts used – this being done especially through an intertextual reading – is carried out hand in hand with a careful translation of the most pertinent texts. Moreover, the similarity of salient concepts found in the epilogues to Pentateuchal and Prophetic texts that have a pertinent canonical position is highlighted, thereby bearing light on the conclusion of Qoheleth. Finally, certain rabbinical interpretations are employed to further unpack the meaning of the texts in question. This exercise leads the author to hold that a positive relationship between sapiential wisdom and Torah is made both in the final epilogue, where the commandments are mentioned, and also in the first epilogue.

This article will examine whether the Visegrad Group countries (V4) are moving closer together or further apart in this COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve that, the respective COVID-19 measures taken by governments in March and April 2020 in the V4 countries will be analysed using the VUCA model. VUCA is an acronym, and it includes four English terms: volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. Using the VUCA model, a Framework of VUCA Factors has been created in this article, which can be used as a basic model to further identify innovative leadership strategies during pandemic situations.

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to characterize selected problems faced by social researchers in prison facilities. The authors, referring to the literature on the subject and their own experience gained while conducting research in prisons, analyze the challenges faced by researchers who do not belong to penitentiary institutions. The first part of the article presents problems related to the organization of research in institutions of a total character, the specificity of the group of prisoners – participants of the research (including, among others, aspects of motivation, self-presentation and the cognitive and emotional functioning of prisoners) and the need for the researcher to maintain a neutral, impartial, objective attitude towards the subjects. The second part of the article is devoted to the reflection on the methodology of research on the temporal perspective, which appeared in connection with the NCN research project “Temporal aspects of the activity of men serving prison sentences – longitudinal study”. The analysis of the specificity of experiencing time by persons serving isolation penalties and the critical analysis of tools for measuring the temporal aspects of their functioning is presented. The article concludes with conclusions on factors that may increase the level of credibility of the results of research conducted in penitentiary institutions.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Silymarin on serum lysozyme concentrations, complement and betalysin activity in broiler chickens. In this experiment 144 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used. All chicks were divided in four groups of 36 birds each: Group 1: Basal diet (BD) with no supplementation of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Silymarin; Group 2: BD with 1.0% Silymarin; Group 3: BD with 3.0 mg/kg OTA; Group 4: BD with 3.0 mg/kg OTA plus 1.0% Silymarin. It was found that lysozyme concentration in the 2nd group there is a significant difference to groups 3 and 4. The immunosuppressive effect of Ochratoxin A is underlined but no protective effect of Silymarin in the group 4 was found. The alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) is affected in the group 4. Betalysine there is a significant decreasing in the group 3 but slightly increasing of Betalysine in 4th group. Based on these results it can be concluded that OTA there is an immunosuppressive effect on the studied traits and there is a positive effect of Silymarin only on serum betalysine.

Semi-solid preparations for application to skin - including ointments - are one of the most commonly prescribed by doctors as well as made in pharmacies nowadays. Due to the registration of new raw materials (for compounding) in the form of gels in the Polish market, new possibilities are opening up for the preparation of prescription drugs while gels formulations have been widely used in Europe for some time. The gel form is defined in the Polish Pharmacopoeia XI as the substrate consisting of gel liquids with appropriate gelling substances. The gels have been divided into lipophilic (oleogels) and hydrophilic gels (hydrogels). A thriving compounding section of the pharmacy in the University Hospital in Krakow is an excellent intellectual and technological base of the production of new formulations of prescription drugs. They have already gained extensive experience working in the preparation of drugs based on new gel substrate (Celugel, Oleogel) as preparations for external and internal use have been made there. The characteristics of a hydrogel-like substrate: composition (water, HEC, glycerol, preservatives); the characteristics of its properties: form, consistency, possibility of combining with ethanol, intended use depending on the skin type and there is also possibility and conditions of sterilization. The characteristics of an oleogel substrate: composition (liquid paraffin, polyethylene); characteristics of its properties: form, consistency, intended use depending on the skin type. There are numerous examples of various prescription compositions that are produced in the hospital pharmacy, also during in the era of coronavirus when the need for systematic hand disinfection and wearing gloves gave rise to a number of skin problems: examples and methods of preparing prescription compositions using Celugel for the skin such as disinfecting-protective gel, anti-itch gel, acne gel, demodicosis gels with antibiotics and many others; examples of ENT and dental preparations; examples of prescription compositions using Oleogel such as bedsores care preparations, vitamin gels, preparations for psoriasis and others.

The presented material is an attempt at analyzing the specific legal position of peace treaties. The author argues with the opinion which is put forward (not too often, though), maintaining that such treaties – due to their not expressing the will of states in a classical way – cannot be considered to be agreements as such. He presents the basic similarities and – first of all – differences, especially concerning the so-called final provisions, with reference to both typical international agreements and peace treaties, respectively. In the study, he formulates the thesis of a special role, significance and evolution of peace treaties, despite frequent disrespect for the resolutions they contain. Instances of peace treaties which were concluded in the past are recalled and analyzed, and juxtaposed with ones made in the 20th century, particularly those following the First and the Second World Wars.

Celem artykułu jest omówienie najważniejszych elementów, mających wpływ na jakość materiałów dydaktycznych, a tym samym kształt i efektywność kursów e-learningowych. Wykorzystanie znajomości wyników badań związanych z procesami poznawczymi i motywacją osób uczących się oraz części składowych procesu dydaktycznego jest bowiem kluczowe w przygotowaniu wysokiej jakości materiałów, wspomagających osoby uczące się w utrzymaniu wysokiego poziomu motywacji i zaangażowania, co następnie przekłada się na jakość procesu kształcenia oraz wyniki uzyskiwane przez jego uczestników. Ma to największe znaczenie w przypadku projektowania kursów e-learningowych, w których zaangażowanie osób prowadzących, jak też interakcje między ich uczestnikami w mniejszym stopniu niż w przypadku kształcenia tradycyjnego mogą wpływać na zwiększenie motywacji osób uczących się.

One of the most evident consequences of eutrophication of waters is the progressive spreading of persistent cyanobacterial blooms. They are often accompanied by the production of cyanotoxins in concentrations, which are hazardous for human health. In this research, we analysed phytoplankton communities in four lowland water bodies, for the presence of cyanobacterial blooms and toxin production. The cyanobacterial biovolumes we found, determine three of the lowland water bodies: Onogur Reservoir (OR), Asparuhov Val Reservoir (AVR), and Srebarna Lake (SL) as “Alert Level 1” of potentially hazardous levels of cyanotoxins. Cyanobacterial biovolume exceeds the threshold value of 8 mm3 L-1 (recreational waters) in AVR and SL at the end of the summer period. In OR, we registered sustainable bloom of Microcystis spp. during the whole summer season, and extremely high average seasonal value of the total biovolume (146.5 mm3 L-1). Micro-cystins were reported in all four analysed water bodies, with the highest concentration in OR (6 µg L-1). Cylindrospermopsin was detected in AVR and OR, while saxitoxins were in AVR and SL. The concentrations of cyanotoxins do not exceed the guideline values in recreational waters. However, the increased biovolumes of cyanobacteria are a signal that in three of the analysed water bodies, monitoring is recommended at the levels of cyanotoxins during the summer period.

Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat obserwuje się niesłabnącą popularność serwisu internetowego YouTube. Każdy może w nim umieszczać tworzone przez siebie nagrania, a ci, którzy robią to regularnie na swoich kanałach, są nazywani youtuberami. Obserwowanie fenomenu youtuberów i ich wpływu na zachowania językowe współczesnych dzieci stało się inspiracją do powstania tego tekstu. Wypowiedzi dzieci pokazują bowiem, że „niewinne oglądanie” krótkich filmików może mieć na nich duży wpływ. Przedmiotem artykułu jest krótka analiza językowa wypowiedzi youtuberów opowiadających o popularnej wśród dzieci i młodzieży grze Minecraft. Wypowiedzi te cechują różnego rodzaju odstępstwa od normy językowej, przejawiające się na przykład nagminnym stylem potocznym. Podjęte rozważania językoznawcze chcę odnieść do procesu kształtowania się prawidłowych nawyków językowych u dzieci. Nagrania youtuberów są (niestety!) bardzo popularne nawet wśród przedszkolaków. Chcę zwrócić uwagę na ich szkodliwość i możliwy negatywny wpływ na kształtowanie się prawidłowych wzorców językowych.

The article deals with the use of acoustic emission to identify the formation of cracks during the mechanical loading in the corrosive attacked weldment S235JR+N. The experiment includes the methodology for continual record of emissive signals, data analysis and monitoring of material response to monitor mechanical stress effect in real time. There is possibility to observe response of corrosive degraded samples in real time during mechanical stress through the suitably designed methodology of detection, process and analysing of acoustic emission signals. It is possible to gain new information about processes rising inside the material by this way of data measurement. The signals of acoustic emission can be used as the way of identification for the micro cracks rising in the inner and also external structure of effortful materials.

Recenzja książki: Pierre-André Burton, Aelred of Rievaulx, 1110-1167. An Existential and Spiritual Biography, tł. Ch. Coski, Cistercian Publications, Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota, 2020, ss. 598

Sprawozdanie z Konferencja nt. Studiów Cysterskich i Mediewistycznych w Kalamazoo (3-7 maj 2021)

Recenzja książki: Sławomir Zatwardnicki, Księgi natchnione i ich interpretacja. Inspirujące przesłanie Josepha Ratzingera – Benedykta XVI (Lublin: Academicon 2021). Ss. 240. 36 PLN. ISBN 978-83-62475-56-8 (oprawa miękka), 978-83-62475-59-9 (ebook)

Odpowiednio ukształtowane relacje pomiędzy organami państwa a obywatelem oraz pomiędzy obywatelami mają bezpośrednie przełożenie na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie organizmu państwowego. Często podnoszony jest zarzut, że wyrażony w art. 6261 § 2 Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego ograniczony krąg uczestników postępowania wieczystoksięgowego oraz wywodzący się z art. 6268 § 2 K.p.c. ograniczony zakres kognicji sądu w tym postępowaniu narusza konstytucyjną zasadę prawa do sądu. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora artykułu jest wpływ ograniczonego kręgu uczestników w postępowaniu wieczystoksięgowym na zapewnienie podmiotom uczestniczącym na rynku nieruchomości prawa do sądu i gwarancji rzetelnego prowadzenia postępowania przed nim.