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Copyright of Przeglad Sejmowy is the property of Kancelaria Sejmu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sudan, like many African countries, is a creation of the European imperialism. Not only the matter of borders is meant here, but complex processes of destruction and creation at the same time, which considerably affected what we understand today under the name of Sudan. The article explores the European ideas concerning Sudan, once the largest African country, which considerably contributed to the strengthening of Europe's hegemony in this territory during the period of colonialism and imperialism and today determine the phenomena of culture or political situation in this country. The reflections presented here have been formed by exploring the archives of colonial Sudan deposited at the Sudan Archive in Durham in North-East England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the original theory of the English rule of law developed by Victorian. era constitutional scholar, Albert Venn Dicey. The uniqueness of this theory will be presented, as well as its historical and doctrinal context, and theoretical implications. Dicey's legal positivism identifies the rule of law as one of the two basic principles of the English unwritten constitution (together with the principle of sovereignty of Parliament). The rule of law itself consists of three components . the ideas of legal freedom, legal equality and predominance of the legal spirit. The latter is due to the inductive nature of the British constitution and in practice results in a strong emphasis on the institutional guarantees of the rule of law. The second idea--legal equality--in Dicey's opinion interfered with the concept of administrative law, as it was developed on the European continent thus making it manifestly contrary to the English rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the UK left the EU internal market and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) started to be applied in the mutual trade between the UK and the EU. Although under this agreement trade without tariffs and quantitative restrictions has been maintained, costs in mutual trade increased due to introducing non-tariff barriers to trade. The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether these changes led in the short term to the diversion of trade flows towards other trading partners from both the EU and the UK points of view. To meet this goal, an analysis of trade flows was carried out from the point of view of the EU, as well as the UK. In the case of the EU, changes in trade with the UK were compared with changes in trade with the remaining countries of the world. In the case of the UK, changes in trade with the EU were compared with changes in trade with the rest of the world. The main finding is that since the TCA started to be applied, neither from the point of view of the UK nor from the point of view of the EU, there has been a diversion of trade to other trading partners. Thanks to the TCA, which goes beyond traditional free trade agreements, it was possible to avert the expected negative trade effects of the UK's withdrawal from the EU in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is the social and political thought of Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, one of the pioneers of British sociology and one of the main ideologists of the doctrine of New Liberalism. This essay’s aim consists in presenting both Hobhouse’s academic profile and his most important theoretical claims. It will depict the sources of his philosophical and sociological inspiration as well as his antipathies (particularly, his attitude towards Herbert Spencer). Hobhouse’s theoretical worldview will be portrayed as a systemic entity. The sources of all his social and political theses will be shown to spring from the content of his first, strictly philosophical work, The Theory of Knowledge. Hobhouse’s teleology, evolutionism and organicism originate directly form here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences / Nauki Społeczne is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article reviews the concept of lean government: the application of lean management principles developed originally by Toyota to identify and implement the most efficient ways to provide public services. The paper begins with a general background on lean thinking and then discusses lean principles with particular attention to the eight wastes (muda) in administrative and service processes. Successful examples of lean initiatives at the national and local levels in the United States and the United Kingdom are examined. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the prospects and benefits of lean government in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]