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The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the three-cycle study system in Poland, its implementation process, historical development and implications. It is presented in the context of the implementation of the national qualifications framework and the Bologna Process. The author first introduces the international context and common European rules. Next, the situation concerning the higher education in Poland is covered. The author also discusses selected issues related to the functioning of the three-tier system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the impact of the Enlightenment on university organization in Europe. Topics discussed include the reformation of old universities as an educational institution and also an institution for scientific research; the reform at the old Jesuit Vilnius Academy which transformed it into the Principal School of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; and the role of ex-Jesuit and astronomer Marcin Poczobut-Odlanicki in the formation of a modern university at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Also mentioned is Poczobut-Odlanicki as a man of the Enlightenment and a science enthusiast.