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Walker orthoses are one of the most popular substitutes to regular cast. They are used by people who have experienced acute trauma to the ankle complex. This review aimed to summarize and update information on the currently published research explicitly related to the application of ankle-foot orthoses and to help improve the understanding of how orthoses influence gait pattern, in particular the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity parameters. A review of papers published from 1999 to 2019 was conducted. The databases searched included PubMed Central, PubMed, ScienceDirect and EBSCO, a total of 546 articles were found. The review is based on 11 articles that were selected for further analysis. Kinematics parameters were described in 8 papers, kinetics parameters in 6 papers, the effect of a Walker orthosis on muscle activity in 2 papers, and the effects of a Walker boot on energy cost, pain and balance were discussed in 3 papers. A Walker orthosis significantly reduces ankle joint motion and significantly reduces lower leg muscle activity. On the other hand, it may cause secondary site pain due to leg length differences and increase in energy expenditure. A Walker orthosis is a useful tool replacing total contact casts and allowing earlier weight bearing and rehabilitation. It is important to use it for the shortest possible period of time and to always use compensation of leg length discrepancy.

This article presents the correct adjustment of the mower’s blade movement relative to the forward movement of the mower. Everywhere around us are gardens, parks and meadow, which gives us reason to solve issues with mowing. The first part of this article shows agricultural machines, which are used today and the principle of correct cut of grass stalks. The next part shows the method of adjusting the mower’s blade speed. Design of a simple model was done with the use of Solid Edge Premium CAD. For computation, MSC Adams was used and post-processing was done with the use of Matlab. The connection between MSC Adams and Matlab was created by co-simulation.

The article presents the possibilities of using easily accessible and inexpensive educational sets in scientific research and the process of robotics education. Such kits allow the exploration of theoretical and practical knowledge taking into account aspects of engineering, such as: mechanics, drive systems, sensor systems, control and programming of robots. Models of robots built from inexpensive components can also be used to test new solutions in the field of construction or control algorithms before they are used in real applications. As an example, the model of the palletizing manipulator for self-assembly was shown, the control of which was based on the Arduino Uno controller, while the drives were implemented using low-cost hobby-grade servos. For the kinematic structure of this manipulator, the forward and inverse kinematics task for the position has been discussed. This constituted the basis for the development of a manual control algorithm implemented in the controller – using a joystick and programmed – based on the data sent to the controller using serial communication from a PC. The article presents the results of the computer simulation of the manipulator kinematics, the hardware and software implementation of the robot model and the effects of its operation. The possibility of expanding the control system with additional elements to increase its functionality was indicated.

This article outlines and describes the mathematical foundations for a method of generating ribbon trajectories using the Matlab environment. An example of their application is given, involving the visualization of velocity and acceleration profiles in program modules used for the planning and analysis of the flight paths of air targets

A method is presented for generating the flight path of an aerial target using B-spline curves developed for studying the combat effectiveness of anti-aircraft missiles and air defense systems. A procedure is described for determining the kinematic quantities (velocity, accelerations, angles of spatial orientation) that characterize the motion of an object along a set trajectory. Exemplary simulation results are included.

The purpose of this study was to presents reference data concerning gait speed for angular, kinematic and dynamic temporal and spatial parameters in patterns of groud reaction forces, knee joint moments of force and powers during a wide range of walking speeds of young womens. For the purpose of the study, comprehensive measurements and descriptive statistics were used to describe dynamic and kinematic variables at each walking speed tested. The tree walking velocities levels (low, preferred and high) were selected as the research objectives. The results showed that along with the increase in walking speed, the values of the analysed parameters also increase.

The purpose of this study was to examine the step kinematics variables (step length, step frequency, ground contact time, flight time, and step velocity) of maximum speed measured during 60 m sprint performance from starting block. Two groups of seven fast (best 100-m time: 10.37 ± 0.04 s) and seven sub-fast (best 100-m time: 10.71 ± 0.15 s) sprinters were recruited. Step kinematics were extracted from the first nine running steps of the 20-m sprint (between 40-60 m) of 60 m sprint performance form the block using the Opto-Jump–Microgate system (Opto Jump, Italy). It can be clearly seen that the average time of the flight phase, the frequency and length of the step showed significant statistical differences between the groups. Our experiment did not show significant changes in CT and FT in either group of sprinters and showed a relatively linear course from step two to step eight . The velocity of step execution in the fast sprinters showed a linear increase across steps one to nine however no changes in SL between step four and seven was noticed when compared with earlier steps three and six. In turn, the sub-fast sprinters showed more pronounced variation in SV and SL, which may explain the slower running velocity in this group of sprinters. Analysis of the obtained results may be of great importance for coaches. In order to reach a higher value of maximal sprinting speed the optimal interaction between each variables is noteworthy.

Introduction and purpose Forward bending is a part of standard evaluation of spine mobility during physical examination. More sedentary lifestyle seems to be a factor lead to limited range of motion. However influence of physical activity level on kinematics of joints during bending has not been previously investigated. In this study, kinematics of the hip joint, pelvic and the lumbar spine during forward bending were examined using the three-dimensional motion analysis. Material and method Participants were included to one of two groups: I-higher physical activity level, II-lower physical activity level on the basis of their leisure time physical activity. Participants performed forward bending with straight knees. Results Minimal value of pelvic angle reached during motion was higher in I group than in II group (p=0.043).Second group demonstrated larger spine range of motion than the first group (p=0.021). Conclusions This results may indicate a limited motor control and core stability associated with lower level of physical activity. Causes of different spino-pelvic motion need further investigations.

This paper presents the design of a hydraulic device, which ensures stable contact of the working member with transported material – pile of metal chips formed during machining of oversized bearing rings. Virtual prototype of the conveyor is modeled in the working environment of MSC.ADAMS.

Research of crustal movements in Poland based on levelling data are performed since 1950/s. Since today two maps depicting this movements were made - in 1985 and 2006. Nowadays, information about vertical crustal movements are gaiging attention in the aspect of kinematic reference system design. In the paper, the author presents the possibilities of compiling the geodetic (levelling) data, what would enable commence works on defining the kinematic vertical movements of the Earth's crust all over Poland. Data used in the research are taken last four comppppings, performed in 1926-1937, 1953-1955, 1974-1982, 1997-2003. Furthermore data from the verticalcrustal movements map from 1985 was taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper describes cartographical modelling the changeability of phenomena. Author proposed the classification of the methods of representing the changeability of phenomena because of the method of presentation. Was executed valuation of the use such the maps in relation to the basic aims of the cartographical presentation. As illustrative examples were showed area cartograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents methods of measurements and post-processing of GPS observations for engineering applications used for construction of highways. The measurements of geodetic control points on the distance of 13 km of the ring road of Wyszkow were done with the use of seven GPS receivers as Ashtech Z-XII, Ashtech Z-Surveyor and Ashtech Z-Xtreme. The control points of network were situated close to wooden area what makes more difficult accurate coordinates determination. In such situation it is extremely important to choose a proper methodology of GPS measurements and post-processing strategy in order to obtain high and reliable accuracy. The methodology of measurement and post-processing of GPS data presented in this paper allowed to obtain 2-3 mm accuracy after network adjustment having 1.5 - 3 hours GPS sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In years 2006-2007, at the area of Poland there were established a network of the absolute gravity measurements points for definition gravity reference system of the Polish Permanent GNSS network and geodynamic networks. Lower Silesian part of the system consist of five points situated in places: Wrocław, Kłodzko, Janowice Wielkie, Lubiąż i Świebodzice. The paper contain detailed description of location of the points Wrocław, Kłodzko, Janowice and Lubiąż, methods of monumentation and first results of measurements made at the points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the thesis was the evaluation of actual accuracy of survey results obtained by using suggested technology. In this purpose satellite measurements realized by RTK technique have been repeated many times on several control points of EUREF-POL and POLREF network. Additionally, few different types of corrections offered by Satellite Positioning System of Malopolska were used in measurements. For estimate of the quality of obtained results, statistical tests of goodness of fit distribution of errors, have been applied. The results of numerical analysis of experimental measurements allowed, on present stage, to general state, that obtained real time measurements accuracies are contained in 1-3 cm limit in horizontal position and 1-5 cm limit in vertical, that corresponds to basic guidelines of the created system. Moreover, it has been determined by using this technology we avoid problems with the radio range and disturbances of its signal in comparison with the traditionally realized RTK method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physiotherapy / Fizjoterapia is the property of Physiotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)