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The paper is intended to show a system of institutional care for people with intellectual disabilities, which is characterized by a kind of ambivalence. The whole disquisition is based on two fundamental and dichotomous categories: control and subordination versus autonomy and independence. Each of these categories is connected with one of two perspectives within which a residential care facility can be captured. The first one arises from Goffman’s vision of a total institution, where a unit is presented as an objectified subject of other people’s actions, revealing a situation of isolation and personal dependence. The second perspective presents a model of relationships between the personnel and their charges; it is characterized by an individualistic approach toward the needs of people with disabilities regarding their right to autonomy and self-determination. The confrontation between these two perspectives and areas of issues is discussed in this paper.

The widespread interest in inclusive research justifies the need to establish its added value and scientific merit. We analysed recent studies following the analyses by Walmsley, Strnadová, and Johnson aiming to assess the relevance of such projects from the perspective of the involved people and to assess their scientific value. We conducted a systematic analysis of studies produced between 2016 and 2021. We designed our own tools for assessing added and scientific value based on available research and commonly used criteria. The significance of inclusive research for persons with intellectual disability was confirmed. The analysed studies met the criteria for scientific validity to a varying degree. Adhering to the principles applied in the scientific community is key, considering first ethics, careful choice of the method, and activating people involved in the research.

Music is a part of many activities in which people with intellectual disability participate both in childhood and adulthood. The article outlines the broadly understood problem of using music in working with people with intellectual disabilities of various degrees and in various developmental periods. It discusses various forms of human contact with music (both active and receptive) in the context of the character of functioning of people with intellectual disability: singing, playing musical instruments, reception of music, movement activities, and relaxation to music. The article also discusses topics related to adapting forms and methods of work as well as materials to the psychophysical needs of participants of musical activities, including selecting and editing musical pieces, selecting and adapting musical instruments and musical notation, conducting relaxation, etc. Particular focus was placed on the rehabilitation/therapeutic significance of various musical activities. The important issue of occupational health and safety during musical activities was also discussed. The article may be particularly useful for specialists and teachers working with people with intellectual disability, e.g. in schools, social welfare homes or occupational therapy workshops, including music therapists, music teachers, special educational needs teachers and occupational therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum Pedagogiczne / Pedagogical Forum is the property of Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego w Warszawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article engages with evaluating the usefulness of distance education for people with intellectual disabilities. It focuses primarily on the situation of students in special schools during the pandemic. In order to recognise the contexts and determinants of digital inclusion, the research makes use of the results of expert interviews and questionnaires completed by heads of special schools. Schools and other institutions usually evaluate the support of both local and national governments in remote education negatively. The pandemic has confi rmed and emphasised the existing digital inequalities (also in terms of hardware). The usefulness of distance learning for people with intellectual disabilities is mostly rated as low. Its main advantage is perceived to be the cooperation between the teachers. The pandemic has, to a certain extent, contributed to raising awareness about the need for developing digital skills by all those involved in education. The article concludes with proposed solutions for diminishing digital inequalities, marginalisation and exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Sejmowy is the property of Kancelaria Sejmu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the issue of legal barriers that prevent people with intellectual or mental disabilities from exercising their electoral rights, in particular their right to vote. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 in Art. 62(2) specifies that persons who, by a final judgment of a court, have been subjected to legal incapacitation shall have no right to participate in a referendum nor a right to vote. However, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by Poland, guarantees that people with disabilities should be able to participate actively in decision-making processes concerning policies and programmes, including those that directly affect them. In particular, the Convention provides them with the right to vote and be elected, regardless of their disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum Pedagogiczne / Pedagogical Forum is the property of Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego w Warszawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Rehabilitation is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent documents on catechesis state that Christian upbringing in families, catechesis, and teaching religion at school are intrinsically linked in the service of the Christian upbringing of children and youth. This process includes also people with intellectual disabilities. Baptized and called to salvation, they are entitled to adequate catechesis, receiving sacraments, and growing in holiness. It requires mutual cooperation as well as complementarity between the family, parish, and school. Only sharing such an approach to the religious education and upbringing of the intellectually disabled by all the subjects participating in the process enables their proper spiritual development.

Copyright of Polish Journal of Social Rehabilitation / Resocjalizacja Polska is the property of Pedagogium Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Circles of Support are an example of activities that support the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities and their “secure future” in the local environment. An important element influencing their success is, among other things, to know the expectations and activities of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities related to the preparation of their daughters and sons for an independent life in an inclusive local environment. Research Aim: The aim of the study was to find out how parents of adults with intellectual disabilities evaluate activities that prepare them for a “secure future” and what expectations they have of Circles of Support as solutions to support independent living in the local environment. Method: An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the opinions, plans for the future, and hopes and fears about participation in Circles of Support expressed by mothers and fathers. The study was conducted using focus interviews with eighteen parents of adults with intellectual disabilities. Results: Analysis of the material identified three overarching themes. The overarching themes included: (1) the importance of Circles of Support for people with intellectual disabilities and their families, (2) concerns and hopes related to Circles of Support and (3) needs and ideas related to developing the idea of Circles of Support. Conclusion: The results can be used by professionals working in institutions supporting people with intellectual disabilities to improve cooperation with their families, to better respond to their needs, and develop the idea of building Circles of Support.

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The physical presence of people with disability in the extent of the parish community is based on two main components: (I) activities undertaken by a priest to organize religious life, including those for people with disability, and (II) activities undertaken by people with disability within the parish community. The aim of the article is to answer the question: What is the importance of a priest in the context of the presence of people with disability in the church community? The empirical article is based on results of the nationwide qualitative research that was conducted among people with disabilities (using the FGI group interview; targeted group selection; the participants of the study were people with physical disabilities, deaf and hearing impaired, blind and visually impaired, and people with intellectual disabilities). The analysis of the data obtained allows us to put forward the thesis that the inclusion of people with disability in parish life is a consequence of a close, personal relationship with a priest who has at least basic knowledge of the physical, mental, and sometimes also intellectual capabilities of a faithful person with disability. The results obtained may constitute a contribution to pastoral discernment regarding the factors influencing the presence of people with disability in the Church community.

Introduction.Mental and behavioral disorders often coexist in people with intellectual disabilities. The prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability, compared to people with the intellectual norm, differ in the form of manifestation of the symptoms of a given disorder depending on the degree of intellectual disability. Psychopathological and behavioral disorders are often mistakenly captured as a result of intellectual disability itself. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of people with mental retardation is an increasing value.Aim.The aim of this article is to present the issues of mental and behavioral disorders in the population of people with intellectual disabilities. Presentation of the symptomatology of these disorders and the subject of therapy in order to improve the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities.Summary.People with intellectual disabilities show a greater risk of developing mental and behavioral disorders. To date, no uniform diagnostic criteria have been established that would allow for a more accurate medical diagnosis. Increasing the knowledge of the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities who show mental disorders and the correct diagnosis would allow to increase the effectiveness of undertaken therapeutic tasks and improve the quality of life of people with mental disabilities.

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are perceived as helpless, dependent, and unable to fulfil social roles assigned to the so-called able-bodied1 people. As a consequence, the entrance of the said group into adulthood is impeded and delayed. It is not for the lack of will on the part of the subject or as a consequence of intellectual disability, but rather as a result of the existing social situations which create barriers hindering the fulfilment of needs. A person with ID has a right to have needs and fulfil them. Among them there are specific needs – shaped by individual human characteristics, experiences, and development changes – which are related to the particular stage of the individual’s development. The aim of this research was to diagnose the specific needs of adults with intellectual disabilities at a moderate and severe level, while the main research problem consists of the following questions: what are the specific needs of adults with intellectual disabilities at a significant level (moderate and severe) between the ages of 18 and 35? Which of the indicated needs are being met by the research participants? The research was conducted by employing a quantitative strategy, using the author´s self-designed survey questionnaire. 96 people with intellectual disabilities were surveyed – the participants of the occupational therapy workshop (OTW). An analysis was conducted on the needs which, according to Erikson, most commonly manifest in adulthood (between the ages of 18 and 35). The test results reveal the actual state of their occurrence and fulfilment.

Copyright of Ius Novum is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article points to two vital issues which can make the currently widely popularized question of the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities problematic. Despite favorable legal regulations inspired primarily by the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and a highly dynamic approach to the possibility of systemic support for people with intellectual disabilities in the process of pro-integration education and rehabilitation expressed in the current socio-ecological concept of this disorder, there are problems that should lead to reflection and a search for ways to solve them. The first issue is connected with the necessity to rationalize the support for these people in such a way that, by adopting a flexible and personalized approach, they would be allowed to make decisions regarding their own lives and given the chance of taking up employment and leading their lives independently. The second, in turn, refers to the possibility of a wider recognition of the intellectual potential of people with intellectual disabilities as more beneficial to their development and social inclusion.

Copyright of Agronomy Science is the property of University of Life Sciences in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Pedagogiczne / Pedagogical Forum is the property of Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego w Warszawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Librorum is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attitudes toward people with disabilities are a dynamic phenomenon, dependent on a number of legal, social and individual factors. In recent years, they have been shaped in Poland mainly by legislative changes related to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the resulting national legislation, the introduction of the model of inclusive education, and social transformations through which diversity in terms of health and the (dis)abilities) one possesses is understood as a common experience, rather than a reason for isolation and rejection. The new paradigm of perceiving disability requires the use of new methods of studying contemporary phenomena, including attitudes toward people with disabilities. The purpose of this text is to present the process of adaptation to Polish conditions and proven psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities by L. Findler, N. Vilchinsky and S. Werner (2007). MAS-POL has satisfactory reliability ratings, both for the version targeting people with disabilities in general and those with motor, intellectua and sensory disabilities. The data obtained with this tool can expand existing analyses of attitudes toward people with disabilities, based on the more elaborate and complex structure of the phenomenon. It includes separate versions for measuring attitudes toward people experiencing different but most representative types of disabilities. Analysis of the tool's properties indicates that it can be a useful tool in contemporary research in the field of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Pedagogiczny is the property of Kazimierza Wielki University in Bydgoszcz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is determined by the opportunity to acquire appropriate social and civic competences. These competences are an essential condition for active participation in social life by each individual. This article discusses the issue of civic competence developed during formal and informal training. The considerations are based on conclusions from the research of social and civic competences conducted in a special vocational school for students with mild intellectual disabilities. The aim of the research was to check the effectiveness of civic competences training. The research population was made up of students taking part in the one-semester project "Young Citizen" and students from the control group not covered by the project. In the exploration, the researchers used Questionnaires of Social and Professional Competences for people with mental disabilities and their carers and also author's interview questionnaire on selected civic competences. The research results show that all respondents have a similar range of basic knowledge about society. Students taking part in the training have broader competences in the fild of civic issues.

The main goal of the below presented paper is to find the answer to the question: What is the meaning given to the prayer formation in the “Faith and Light” Communities by guardians of intellectually disabled people? Finding an answer to the first part of this issue was the purpose of the conducted study of subject literature. In order to get an answer for the second part of the presented matter, surveys were conducted among the guardians of people with intellectual disabilities in the communities of international association “Faith and Light”. As a result of the conducted surveys, we were indirectly acquainted with the picture of prayer formation and its conditioning in „Faith and Light” communities and based on that the significance of it was interpreted. Based on the conducted study, it has been stated that the prayer formation realized in the Communities contributes to both moral and spiritual development and shapes the system of values and attitudes. Prayer formation helps in the implementation of the fundamental mission of the Community, which is every member’s acceptance of their own lives, growing in inner freedom and sharing the Good News.

The article presents the model of natural assistantship as means to adapt the offer of public employment services to the needs of people with intellectual disabilities because benefiting from the support of public sector is a basic citizen’s right. The introduction of a natural assistantship model in employment offices is in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The article presents the results of research carried out as part of an innovative project entitled Employment office accessible for persons with intellectual disabilities – model of natural assistantship, which was carried out by Polish Federation of Supported Employment in cooperation with employment offices in Warsaw and Wołomin, Poland.

Copyright of Polish Journal of Social Rehabilitation / Resocjalizacja Polska is the property of Pedagogium Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Social Rehabilitation / Resocjalizacja Polska is the property of Pedagogium Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Dissertations / Rozpraw Społecznych is the property of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Obesity is a common health problem among adults people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among people with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities by gender, age and degree of disability.

Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Współczesny sport jest obecny w życiu coraz większej grupy społecznej, a ta aktywność realizowana jest w każdym wieku. Dla osób niepełnosprawnych umysłowo sport jest bez wątpienia jedną z niewielu dziedzin, w której mogą się wybić jako indywidualności. Umacnia ich wiarę w siebie, uczy planowania i wypełniania niewielkich zadań, a także dążenia do celu i uświadamiania sobie własnej podmiotowości. Cel pracy. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wartości sportu przez pryzmat płci, rekreacji ruchowej, resocjalizacji i procesu rehabilitacji. Metody i materiały. Praca opiera się na badania jakościowych wyjaśniających. Analizie poddane zostały poglądy i badania odnoszące się do problematyki objętej zakresem tego artykułu. Wyniki. Aktywność fizyczna stanowi przedmiot badań naukowych i jest wykorzystywana w praktyce rehabilitacyjnej. Ruch doskonali zdolności motoryczne, zwiększa tolerancję wysiłkową i wpływa na podniesienie sprawności. Dyskusja. Proces aktywizowania osób z niepełnosprawnością, a także osób resocjalizowanych nie mógłby odbyć się bez rekreacji ruchowej, a państwo winno pomagać w tworzeniu odpowiednich warunków do takiej aktywności i kształtować postawy prozdrowotne. Wnioski. Badania dowodzą, że odpowiednio dobrany program treningowy wpływa dobroczynnie na zdrowy organizm. Rehabilitacja ma przede wszystkim wartość leczniczą, gdyż dąży do podniesienia sprawności i poprawy koordynacji. Rekreacja ruchowa to nie tylko promowanie zachowań zdrowotnych, ale także pożyteczne wypełnienie czasu wolnego i dbałość o odprężenie psychiczne. Rekreacja fizyczna przez resocjalizację pomaga wychowankom nauczyć się nowych zachowań i sposobów reagowania, a także kształtuje ich wartości wychowawcze. Abstract Introduction. Sport in our times is becoming part of the lifestyle in the growing number of people in different social groups and this activity is participated in every age. For people with intellectual disabilities, sport without a doubt is one of few disciplines in which they can stand out as an individual. Thanks to it their faith in themselves and self-esteem is growing stronger, they can learn planning and fulfilling small tasks and also achieving their goal or realizing their own subjectivity. Aim of the study. The aim of this article is to show the value of sport in the aspect of sex, recreation movement, resocialization and the process of habilitation Methods and materials. The studies is based on qualitative research inquiries. In the article analyzed views and studies relating to issues within the scope of this article. Results. Use of movement as a medicine is finding justification in scientific research and rehabilitation practice. Movement improves motor skills, increases physical performance and affects the increase of efficiency. Discussion. In the process of revitalizing people with disabilities (handicapped) sport, physical education, sport rively and other forms of physical movement are very important aspects. The government should assist in the creation of appropriate conditions for such activity and shape pro-health attitudes. Conclusions. The research proves that the properly created training program is useful for healthy organism. Rehabilitation have most of all therapeutical worth. Physical recreation is not only to promote health behaviors, but also useful to fill free time and attention to mental relaxation. Resocializing conduct through sport activity is helping pupils to learn new behaviors and way of reaction, encouraging them to a positive thinking.