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The University Library in Wrocław has a rich collection of old works from the Netherlands, which proves that in the old days academic and bibliophilic research was carried out in the Silesian region. The works reflect various cultural, academic and religious connections between the inhabitants of Silesia and the ones of Western Europe. The printed texts give evidence confirming that Silesian bibliophiles purchased books abroad, as well as from the local book sellers. Thus, they participated in the academic and cultural movements of that time. The paper is to present the Dutch emblem volumes that are in the possession of the University Library in Wrocław, and especially how they made their way from the Netherlands to Silesia. A number of questions arise: why Silesian collectors used to buy works written in Dutch and whether that did not create a cognitive barrier for them. What kind of motivation could have inspired them to buy those books? Was it the so-called peregrination academica that encouraged people to study in the Netherlands? What I would like to do as well is to show unlimited passions of library owners who were open-minded to different fields of interest, which was reflected in their book collections that now are a part of the Library in Wroclaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article explores the offshore wind energy development in the EU Member States in the context of targets set at the EU and national levels. The author begins with presenting the current state of affairs in the offshore wind energy sector in the world and in the EU. Next, the development of offshore wind energy in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, as the leaders in the sector in the EU, is discussed, with the focus on regulatory environment and future development ambitions. Finally, an overview of the situation in the Polish offshore wind energy sector is provided. The author points to some potential regulatory and market bottlenecks that could hamper the development of the sector, which at present is of pivotal importance for environmental and energy security reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]