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The opinion addresses the issues of the presidential bill amending the Law on Assembly. The addressed act mostly meets societal expectations. Some of the solutions, however are questionable and could be considered unconstitutional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the dynamics of events and dependencies, which resulted in the enactment of the Bernese Civil Code, as well as the importance and consequences of this work in the development of civil law and civil society in the canton of Bern. The paper addresses the issues concerning the question as to whether it is possible for an act of civil law to become a source of rules which, not finding sufficient protection in the existing constitutional system, cause changes in the latter. Did the codification of private law and the act of providing the ideas of freedom and equality with statutory protection result in the fall of the governance existing in Bern in the first half of the 19th century? Or was it perhaps the result of the accumulation of internal and external circumstances, leading to a formal sanctioning of systemic changes which had already occurred? The process of codification and systemic change in Bern constitutes an excellent example of the interdependence between private and public-legal legislation and the fact that constitutional law does not always have to be the primary source of state protection covering basic social values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the Author analyzes new social movement labeled the “Inquisitives”. It apparently has its roots in political thought and in philosophy of “the right to know”. New Zealand adopted the Official Information Act in 1980 to give citizens the formal right to inquire about the public affairs. As society has evolved under constant technological pressure so has evolved the way in which people get information. The information society strives for information about political issues, and about political-public affairs. The Author of this paper suggests that a new social movement has been operating globally, considering the particular case of the Inquisitives movement in New Zealand. The paper aims to explore its genesis, background, roles, functions, political values, motives and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition from totalitarian to post-totalitarian type of society requires profound changes not only within institutional frames but also in the mentality of a society. In the case of Russia it is not the matter of coming back to the civil society mechanisms but creating them from anew, as the kind of citizen – state relations had not been spread to the whole society before the Soviet Union times. Intelligentsia could be an agent of the changes towards post-totalitarian state and social order. In this paper questions about the intelligentsia’s status and role in the Russian society were posed. The idea of civil society coined in the times of the Decembrist was confronted with the mobilized type of governing. Intelligentsia, as perceived by the Russian society and experts on the one hand and its self portrait on the other hand were discussed. An important question concerned the role of the Russian political opposition as the intelligentsia’s ethos continuation. The conclusions were that the intelligentsia repeats the pattern which was first developed at the beginning of the 19th century: its idealistic members are ready to struggle for the common good but without common social support. The status of intelligentsia is perceived as high if about education and morality, but it diminishes when its leadership is concerned. In the Russian post-totalitarian society the state is still an agent to be followed. It takes Russians towards totalitarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the origins and development of a social initiative, the so-called Treni della felicità (Trains of happiness) and its impact on shaping civil society and sense of national community in the post-war Italy. This project, initiated by the Union of Italian Women (Unione Donne Italiane, UDI) and then promoted mainly by the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) assumed the transfer of tens of thousands of children from families in need from southern Italy to relatively more developed north-central regions of the country in order to provide them better living conditions after World War II. This example of the fight against poverty and inequalities seems to be a forgotten symbol of solidarity and renewal of the idea of civil society in post-totalitarian Italy. Moreover, this action for children is not only an example of civic activity, but also an important element in the debate on the traditional division of Italy into North and South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author analyzes the new social movement labeled „The Inquisitives”. It apparently has its roots in political thought and in philosophy of „the right to know”. Poland adopted the Act on Access to Public Information (2001) to give citizens the formal right to inquire about the public affairs. The information society strives for information about political issues, and about political-public affairs. The author of this paper has stated two hypothesis that (1) a new social movement - the Inquisitives has been occurring in Poland and (2) access to public information has been used for political struggle. The author aims to explore aims, genesis, background, roles, functions, and political values of The Inquisitives within categories such as political scandals, corruption, interest groups, power concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Economy / Ekonomia Społeczna is the property of Cracow University of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Warmińskie is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Esely: Journal of Social Policy is the property of Hilscher Rezso Alapitvany and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prakseologia is the property of Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes that occurred in Poland between 2015 and 2019 have not spared the civil society, here understood broadly as NGOs, activist groups, independent academic organisations and minority communities. This paper is an attempt at reconstructing key ideological arguments that took place within it during that time, as well as their significance and effects on particular organisations both internally and in relation with other participants in the civil society. Also investigated are divisions that arose and their potential consequences in the future. The analysis is based on research by Magdalena Arczewska and Magdalena Dudkiewicz and published as Strategie czy przystosowanie? Sytuacja organizacji pozarządowych w Polsce po 2015 [Strategies or Adaptation? The Situation of Non-governmental Organizations in Poland after 2015] (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Impuls, 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present tensions between social passivity and a strong belief that the key issue for our national community and the state is to create a strong civil society. Within such a context, the question most usually asked concerns the character of the barriers blocking the development of civil society. They can be of formal, financial, structural, political, mental nature, but also relating to personality. Another important reason was the lack of a civic education system after 1989. The basic mechanism for creating civil society was the non-governmental sector. The main aim of its work has led to the activation of citizens, which was - although often insufficient - the only way to overcome passivity or even civic laziness. The process was problematic especially for those, both individuals and groups, that had the capacity and competences to become engaged in public affairs, but for some reason they never did. On the other hand, one should take into account the fact that passivity is caused by the circumstances and conditions in which a society has been living (transformation trauma, economic division, distrust, increasing state oppression, etc.). Nevertheless, it can be stated that the Polish nation has a great potential for social mobilization, empathy, willingness to help and commit. This can be observed both in microscale and with significant social campaigns. However, there are problems and risks that should not be forgotten. They concern for example new communication techniques and the so-called ‘slactivism,’ with ideological pluralisation deepened by political divisions, which further leads to changes in the sphere of language and the radicalisation of moods. This, in turn, requires a well-considered institutional response, which in the Polish situation can be difficult to achieve due to low trust towards institutions. In this context, the importance of creativity and art is growing, as such factors could be an important area for strengthening civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my paper, I try to demonstrate how two processes that are crucial for modern societies, namely digitalization and networking, are transforming the categories of mass and massification. These latter phenomena, treated by social sciences as symptoms of disturbing social changes, both transient and short-term, are today changing in terms of their nature. In the text, this identification is based on a presentation of how mass has evolved from the early days of the Internet to today, going through three stages (mass 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0). In the latter, the most modern stage, networked working masses have appeared. The presentation of their characteristics and the reflection on how they differ from classic masses form an important part of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia) is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1952, Erich Auerbach, an exile and author of a seminal comparative project, announced that our philological home is the earth: it can no longer be the nation. His words seem both valid and timely in the contemporary global rise of neo-nationalism, anti-democratic movements, as well as the backlash against women's and minorities' emancipation. Since its beginnings, the comparative literature has been envisioned not only as an academic discipline that studies literature beyond national borders, but also a remedy against xenophobia and intolerance. This paper presents how the contemporary comparative theories depict citizenship, one of central identities in modern multicultural societies. Adopting a postcolonial approach, I examine three projects developed within "American" Comparative Studies: Mary Louise Pratt's "comparative cultural practice", Gayatri Spivak's "planetarism", and Jessica Berman's "trans critical optic". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws on an ethnographic fieldwork among the Polish migrants in Dublin who decided not to return to Poland in a predictable future. I describe the relation of a state effect and wellbeing as a sphere that can be perceived as the social climate by the transnational migrants. The imaginaries and retrospective rationalisations of experiences, feelings and memories connected to a quality of state functioning and a society's openness / oppressiveness impressions create inter-connected space for comparisons of two realities known to the migrants who have left Poland for Ireland over a decade ago, on the eve of their economic self-responsibility, and who are currently justifying their choice to continue their living there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is an attempt to answer the question to what extent the local government at the regional level in Slovakia is dominated by political parties, and to what extent by independent politicians. The subject of the study are the results of the 2017 local government elections at the regional level and their analysis. The main goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive, statistical and comparative presentation of the regional election results in Slovakia and show the degree of local authorities’ party-dependency. The secondary objective is to examine how the politicisation of local government influences the development of civil society. An attempt is also made to determine how political competition at the local government level looks like, and whether local entities effectively compete with political parties.

Copyright of Civil Engineering & Architecture / Budownictwo i Architektura is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article outlines the ways of engaging young people in the development of civil society in Ukraine. Socially and politically active young people are one of the necessary conditions for forming a democratic society and establishing sustainable and functioning civil society institutions. Therefore, in this paper, the scholars aim to identify the ways of youth interaction with public authorities in Ukraine and general levels of youth civic engagement, as well as to characterize the culture of citizenship as a factor in involving young people in civil society development. The research reveals the relevant issue regarding the prominent role of civil society in various spheres of activity of state authorities and local self-government bodies, a qualitatively new level of interaction between civil society, especially youth as an active part of it, and state and local self-government bodies in order to establish effective dialogue and partnership relations of state bodies authorities, local self-government bodies with civil society organizations. The research combined interdisciplinary approaches of several related scientific fields (political science, public administration and education), which allowed to set broader goals and find new ways for improving youth engagement in the development of civil society in Ukraine. The authors developed and conducted an expert survey on youth engagement in the development of civil society and identified possible ways to improve youth participation in public and political life. Authors interviewed 24 experts aged from 18 to 60 years from various fields who are interested in building a democratic state governed by the rule of law: leaders and members of public organizations, teachers of higher education institutions, scholars, deputies of regional and local councils, civil society activists and businessmen. It was determined that the effective participation of youth in decision-making processes consists in creating opportunities to involve youth in influencing, shaping, developing and promoting policy and development of services and programs. These opportunities are created by developing a range of formal and informal mechanisms for youth participation, from youth advisory groups to focus groups, from ongoing consultation work to supporting youth projects. As a result of the study, the authors developed a set of conclusions and recommendations addressed to educational institutions, public authorities, local governments and civil society organizations.

Copyright of Annals of Philosophy / Roczniki Filozoficzne is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the paper is to present a brief characteristics of the process of development of the third sector in Poland after the fall of communism in 1989. The author first discusses the theoretical background of the idea of non-governmental sector and the discourse upon which in Poland this sector was constituted as a domain of associations and foundations activity. Next, the turning points in the recent history of the third sector in Poland, are presented. They are linked in particular to the adoption of two historical pieces of legislation - the Act of 1989 on Associations and the Act of 2003 on Public Benefit Activity and Volunteering. The author also reviews the key current problems of the third sector in Poland which serves as an attempt to foresee in which direction Polish non-governmental orgnisations (NGOs) may evolve in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship in the Polish civil society. It starts with a presentation of key determinants that have driven its development and popularity. In the main section, the complexity of social enterprise and entrepreneurship concepts are introduced, with their key characteristics. Following that, three dominant schools of thought on social enterprise are presented with reference to civil society phenomenon. Before locating social entrepreneurship, some key elements and methodological issues in the area of civil society are analyzed and discussed. Finally, two models of social enterprise are identified and their background briefly presented. The author supplements this analysis with some key statistics on social enterprise models for Poland. They introduce the reader into the state of the art of social enterprises in Poland. Also, valuable data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on social entrepreneurship are introduced to give the overall picture of the phenomenon in Central and Eastern European countries. Both analytical approaches are discussed in the light of the three schools of thought on social enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annuals of the Administration & Law / Roczniki Administracji i Prawa is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Inquisitives as a New Social Movement: Political Aspects of Exercising the Right for the Access to Information in Poland In this paper, the author analyzes the new social movement labeled „The Inquisitives”. It apparently has its roots in political thought and in philosophy of „the right to know”. Poland adopted the Act on Access to Public Information (2001) to give citizens the formal right to inquire about the public affairs. The information society strives for information about political issues, and about political-public affairs. The author of this paper has stated two hypothesis that (1) a new social movement – the Inquisitives has been occurring in Poland and (2) access to public information has been used for political struggle. The author aims to explore aims, genesis, background, roles, functions, and political values of The Inquisitives within categories such as political scandals, corruption, interest groups, power concentration.

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the following article is to analyse which subjects of international relations have been engaged in building civil society organisations in post-conflict Kosovo and what kind of actions they have been taking. The article consists of the definition of civil society organisations and their role in state building and nation building. Special attention is paid to the role of those subjects of international relations, which have had the greatest influence in building civil society organisations in Kosovo since 1999. The author sheds also some light on qualitative and quantitative changes in civil society organisations, which have been erected in Kosovo in the last several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Political Science Studies / Studia Politologiczne is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship in the Polish civil society. It starts with a presentation of key determinants that have driven its development and popularity. In the main section, the complexity of social enterprise and entrepreneurship concepts are introduced, with their key characteristics. Following that, three dominant schools of thought on social enterprise are presented with reference to civil society phenomenon. Before locating social entrepreneurship, some key elements and methodological issues in the area of civil society are analyzed and discussed. Finally, two models of social enterprise are identified and their background briefly presented. The author supplements this analysis with some key statistics on social enterprise models for Poland. They introduce the reader into the state of the art of social enterprises in Poland. Also, valuable data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on social entrepreneurship are introduced to give the overall picture of the phenomenon in Central and Eastern European countries. Both analytical approaches are discussed in the light of the three schools of thought on social enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the paper is to present a brief characteristics of the process of development of the third sector in Poland after the fall of communism in 1989. The author first discusses the theoretical background of the idea of non-governmental sector and the discourse upon which in Poland this sector was constituted as a domain of associations and foundations activity. Next, the turning points in the recent history of the third sector in Poland, are presented. They are linked in particular to the adoption of two historical pieces of legislation - the Act of 1989 on Associations and the Act of 2003 on Public Benefit Activity and Volunteering. The author also reviews the key current problems of the third sector in Poland which serves as an attempt to foresee in which direction Polish non-governmental orgnisations (NGOs) may evolve in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is an attempt to look at the EU enlargement policy from the angle of the Eastern Partnership as a place of civil society formation. The aim is to present the main motives of the next EU enlargement to the east. The research was based on a qualitative methodology with the use of institutional, legal and comparative analysis. The research material covered original acts and press releases of EU institutions, key scientific studies and internet portals devoted to the issue. The research shows the shaping of civil society in the EaP states creating a new perspective for the program and speaks in favor of EU enlargement in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economics / Ekonomia is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents empirical findings concerning the development of civil society at the local level. It is noteworthy that the researchers strive to analyse the 'dynamics' of the process rather than give a 'diagnosis'. Besides, they look at the way civil society is defined by different scholars. The authors of the article emphasise the need for a plethora of research methods and techniques to be involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie is the property of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reflective practice has become an influential concept in the evaluation field. A greater use of reflective practice is advocated in reference to both evaluators’ own professional development, and as a means to enhance dialogue, stakeholders’ involvement and organisational learning in the evaluation process. The aim of the paper is to examine the evaluation endeavour from the latter perspective, i.e. to present evaluation approaches which offer the opportunity for collaborative reflective practice. To this end, evaluation as reflective practice is discussed at three levels: (1) the organisational level – the model of single, double and triple-loop learning is discussed in reference to formative, summative and developmental evaluation, (2) the evaluator’s level – different roles performed by the evaluator are considered from the point of view of promoting collaborative reflective practice, and (3) the broader socio-political level, in relation to the concept of civil society, as evaluation can contribute not only to a greater rigour and effectiveness of public spending but to social empowerment, to appreciating diversity or building trust (improving democratic policy-making).

Official analysis describes Polish society as passive, having low levels of civic awareness and social trust, with lack of wide civic education and small openness of institutions to citizens. This diagnosis forces one to think about the conditions of civic education in Poland. This paper contains an analysis of main institutions of formal adult education. An attempt will be made to answer the question to what extent and what kind of civic education related information is transmitted in main institutions of formal adult education.

Copyright of Central European Political Studies / Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations / Transformacje is the property of Educational Foundations TRANSFORMATIONS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Our Philological Home Is the Earth…" How Do “American” Comparative Studies Imagine Citizenship? In 1952, Erich Auerbach, an exile and author of a seminal comparative project, announced that our philological home is the earth: it can no longer be the nation. His words seem both valid and timely in the contemporary global rise of neo-nationalism, anti-democratic movements, as well as the backlash against women’s and minorities’ emancipation. Since its beginnings, the comparative literature has been envisioned not only as an academic discipline that studies literature beyond national borders, but also a remedy against xenophobia and intolerance. This paper presents how the contemporary comparative theories depict citizenship, one of central identities in modern multicultural societies. Adopting a postcolonial approach, I examine three projects developed within “American” Comparative Studies: Mary Louise Pratt’s “comparative cultural practice”, Gayatri Spivak’s “planetarism”, and Jessica Berman’s “trans critical optic”.

The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of security integration of Central Asian states within regional international organisations created around Russia and China. It enabled the authoritarian leaders to lower the cost of maintaining the non-democratic systems. The tactical strategies invented in one country, institutional and legal solutions and mythological constructs were also used by other participants. Moreover, they provided international infrastructure that not only gave external legitimacy to authoritarian regimes, but also served to weaken civil society and eliminate all forms of political competition. The article attempts to answer the questions of how threats were defined within regional integration structures and how international infrastructure was built to combat regional threats such as extremism, terrorism and separatism. Furthermore, preventive strategies at the institutional and legal levels are considered. Finally, the article analyses selected aspects of the so-called cultural prevention, which was intended to combat security threats and ensure regional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)