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Introduction The current evidence from 2022 published by European Atherosclerosis Society brings the importance of the level of lipoprotein(a) and its influence on the human health. Especially atherosclerotic cardio-vascular events such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, atherosclerosis are taken into account. They prove, that the associations between the level of Lp(a) is linear with the occurrence of cardio-vascular events. High level of Lp(a), may contribute to the aortic stenosis, cause has pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic properties. The newest finding demonstrate that Lp(a) has no link with venous thrombosis. Nonetheless, very low level of may contribute with type 2 diabetes. It is recommended to measure the level of lipoprotein(a) at least once in adults to search the patients with higher value than norm. Even at low level of LDL, high Lp(a) is a risk factor for ASCVD. It brings the clinical importance of early detection of potential cardio-vascular diseases and introduction of management. The newest statement form EAS also brings promising possibilities due to specific Lp(a)-lowering therapies is in phase II/III trials. Aim of the study The following paper aims to present a review of the current knowledge about the influence of the level of Lp(a) on cardio-vascular disease and seeks to enhance knowledge and promote effective management of this prevalent condition. The primary goal is to promote the current problem to health care workers with up-to-date information to facilitate early recognition of cardiovascular events. Materials and methods This article presents the current state of knowledge of lipoprotein(a) found in various scientific articles. The following English keywords and its Polish equivalents were used to search Google Scholar's medical databases: lipoprotein(a), cardio-vascular disease, cardiovascular risk, aortic stenosis. The articles most pertinent to the subject have been chosen.

Introduction and purpose of the work: The purpose of this article is to determine the potential for the application of exosomes in modern medicine, inferring from research directions in world literature. Among other things, this paper considers some of the most recent work in the fields of aesthetic medicine, dermatology and transplantation. Methodology and materials: The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholarship, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was based on the following terms: exosomes, regenerative medicine, dermatology. The variety of available scientific works on exosomes raises the question in which of the fields of medicine they will be used the fastest and/or most commonly. Given that a significant part of research focuses on their use in skin treatments, it can be expected that it will be dermatology and/or aesthetic medicine, given its exceptional openness to the implementation of new techniques and the constant search for new solutions that allow physiologically or optically to oppose aging. In addition, the use of exosomes is characterized by a relatively low risk of life-threatening complications or permanent damage to health. However, the potential applications of exosomes in other fields of medicine should not be underestimated. Therefore, it can be expected that procedures and therapies using exosomes will also be developed and implemented independently in transplantology, cardiology, or other fields that can use exosomes as drug carriers or markers for early detection of complications or diseases.

Copyright of Heart & Vascular Diseases / Choroby Serca & Naczyn is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Hypertension is most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CD) and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. Even though over last decade there has been improvement in increasing the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension remain one of main public health challenges. In order to make progress in dealing with this problem it important to understand in which areas of the treatment strategy appropriate changes have not yet been implemented. First step to do this is to improve our understanding of the factors that affect the treatment and control of hypertension. International Guidelines for hypertension recommend the same hypertension management for both sexes, however studies reveal that there are actual differences in hypertension management. Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to conduct a paper review to provide most comprehensive contemporary estimates of sex differences in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Material and method: A literature review was conducted in English language databases, based only on original articles, regarding awareness, control and treatment of hypertension, using key words: ‘hypertension’, ‘sex- differences’, ‘hypertension treatment’, ‘gender gap’, ‘public health’. Results and conclusions: Based on researched studies we can state that woman have higher awareness, treatment and control rates for hypertension than men worldwide [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. This suggests that, the guidelines for the treatment and management of hypertension should be gender specific.

Copyright of Heart & Vascular Diseases / Choroby Serca & Naczyn is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are in a majority of health issues worldwide. Dietary habits have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular area since they are responsible for improvement or deterioration of that system condition. One of the most commonly mentioned product is red meat, both processed and unprocessed. Brief description of the state of knowledge: The aim of this review was to present currently available knowledge in the online database PubMed about consumption of red meat and cardiovascular health. The article covers scientific papers which indicate to the risk factor, which is intake of processed and unprocessed meat, and eventually incidents of CVD. It is also claimed that effects of consumption that group of protein may be dependent of its dosage. Conclusions: The review support an assumption that dietary patterns, in this case red meat, processed and unprocessed, play a significant role in being CVD risk factors. Besides, that influence should be measured more precisely and new scientific tools for tracking dietary habits should be input.