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This study evaluates the effects of different levels of acidifier: Sodium diformate and citric acid on body composition, serum enzymes and the alimentary canal tissue in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this purpose, 630 fingerling fish(mean weight: 16.55 ± 0.72 g), were randomly distributed in twenty one 200-L fiberglass tanks (30 fish per tank). This study was performed 60 days with seven experimental treatments: control (only fed with commercial diet: FFT2), three levels of sodium diformate added to diet: 0.2% (treatment A), 0.4% (treatment B), 0.6% (treatment C) and also three levels of sodium diformate in combination with citric acid with an equal rates: 0.1% (treatment D), 0.2% (treatment E) and 0.3% (treatment F). The fish were fed 2 % based of body weight three times daily at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 for two months. The results indicated that different levels of sodium diformate and citric acid supplements used had no significant effect on the activity of serum enzymes of rainbow trout in comparison with the control treatment (p>0.05); while it had significant effects on the protein, ash and moisture of the body composition among the experimental treatments (p

BACKGROUND: Probiotics have more functional effects on shrimp immunological parameters but there is less information on comparative effects of Commercial and Indigenous probiotics on post-larvae and larval stage of shrimp life. OBJECTIVES: This 60 day study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotic bacterium commercial and allochthonous (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) on some of immune parameters and serum enzymes in the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). METHODS: Three experimental diets were supplemented with similar concentration of 1.5×106 Cfu/g by bacteria, commercial and allochthonous supplementation. Control (without probiotic supplementation), D1 (commercial probiotic), D2 (commercial+allochthonous probiotic) and D3 (allochthonous probiotic) were used for the experiment. At the end of trial, to evaluate immune parameters, Shrimp hemolymph was collected by syringe into the ventral sinus of L. vannamei, transferred to a tube and allowed to anticoagulant. To investigate serum enzymes level, body shrimp were homogenized and extracts were analyzed biochemically. RESULTS: Total haemocyte count (THC), large granular cells (LGC), semi granular cells (SGC) and hyaline cells (HC) treated with commercial probiotics increased in comparison with control and significant difference was observed (P<0.05). Enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased in the experimental groups compared with control (P<0.05). However, post-larvae enzyme alkaline phosphatase was not found to be significantly affected by probiotic supplementation (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The probiotic Bacillus influenced the increase of the immune parameters haemolyph and decreased serum enzymes level and it is appropriate for supplementation in the diet of whiteleg shrimp post-larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary oligofructose (1, 2 and 3%) on blood profiles of beluga Huso huso juveniles (18.77±0.76g). After 7 weeks feeding on experimental diets hematological parameters, metabolic products (cholesterol, glucose and total protein) and serum enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were measured. Compared to the control group (0% oligfructose), oligofructose had no effects on red blood cell counts (RBC), mean corposcular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) or mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P>0.05). However, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and leucocyte counts (WBC) were significantly higher in fish fed 2% oligofructose (P