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Background and Aim: A variety of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus utilize quorum sensing to perform their important activities such as biofilm formation and production of virulence factors. Interfering with the bacterial QS will disable the bacteria to perform above-mentioned vital activities. The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of five plant extracts against bacterial Quorum sensing of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Thirteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from patients with dental implant infection and identified. The plant species were collected from vicinity gardens of Fars Province and extracted using 96% ethanol. The anti-QS and antimicrobial susceptibility methods were then carried out to evaluate their bactericidal and QS properties with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Furthermore, the biofilm production of the isolates was evaluated by microtiter plate (MTP) assay. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics codes 01-16-1-1959 and 73/118248 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Jahrom and research sciences branch, respectively. Findings: The results of the study disclosed that the extract of raspberry blossom possesses significantly (p21 mm). The anti-QS activity was proved by creating clear halo sides of the wells formed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Moreover, the extracts of tarragon, wheat flower, flixweed and basil showed antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: According to the anti-biofilm and anti-QS properties of raspberry blossom extract against the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, it could be considered as a mouthwash against dental bacterial infection with the identification of active compounds in the raspberry.

Background and Aim: A variety of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus utilize quorum sensing to perform their important activities such as biofilm formation and production of virulence factors. Interfering with the bacterial QS will disable the bacteria to perform above-mentioned vital activities. The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of five plant extracts against bacterial Quorum sensing of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Thirteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from patients with dental implant infection and identified. The plant species were collected from vicinity gardens of Fars Province and extracted using 96% ethanol. The anti-QS and antimicrobial susceptibility methods were then carried out to evaluate their bactericidal and QS properties with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Furthermore, the biofilm production of the isolates was evaluated by microtiter plate (MTP) assay. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics codes 01-16-1-1959 and 73/118248 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Jahrom and research sciences branch, respectively. Findings: The results of the study disclosed that the extract of raspberry blossom possesses significantly (p<0.05) anti-QS property (>21 mm). The anti-QS activity was proved by creating clear halo sides of the wells formed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Moreover, the extracts of tarragon, wheat flower, flixweed and basil showed antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: According to the anti-biofilm and anti-QS properties of raspberry blossom extract against the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, it could be considered as a mouthwash against dental bacterial infection with the identification of active compounds in the raspberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aim: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is an endocrine disorder leading to lack of ovulation and has inflammatory aspects. Raspberry extract, with possession of bioactive compounds such as Anthocyanins and polyphenols, have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of raspberry extract on the development process of ovarian follicles and hormones level of pituitary, ovarian, and liver in rats suffering from PCOS were examined. Methods: In the present experimental study, 120 adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups of control, PCOS, and treated with raspberry. The induction of syndrome was done by 2mg Estradiol valerate. After a period of 60 days, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg BW raspberry extract was injected intraperitoneally. Control group received no injection. Ten days after the last injection, all groups were anesthetized by chloroform and the serum and ovary of all groups were collected in order to investigate the histological and serologic changes. Data obtained were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. Results: Raspberry-treated group showed a significant decrease in the hormones rate of testosterone, estradiol, LH, and CRP compared with PCOS (p

Introduction: One of the serious complications of diabetes is the delay in wound healing. Currently, in Iran, disinfectant solutions and antibiotics are used to treat wounds and prevent infection by stopping the growth of pathogenic agents. However it cannot stimulate and initiate the wound healing process. Herbal remedies have beneficial effects on the process of wound healing, and on the other hand due to fewer complications, the tendency to use them has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract Carum Copticum on wound healing in induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, 48 adult male rats were divided into four groups (n=12 each) including: control group (non-treated and non-diabetic rats), sham (eucerin-treated diabetic rats), the first experimental group (non-treated diabetic rats) and the second experimental group (raspberry-treated diabetic rats). Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ) in three groups of rats. A wound with 3 cm length was created on the skin of back side of animals in all groups. The first experimental group was treated by eucerin and the second experimental group was treated by raspberry extract two times in a day. Microscopic and macroscopic studies were performed on wound healing process on 4th, 7th, 14th and 21st days. Results: The findings showed that sham and the first experimental group had fewer healing effect comparing with control group. The speed of wound healing in raspberry extract-treated rats (the second Experimental group) had significantly increased in comparison with control group and the wound surface area has been significantly decreased in comparison with all other groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that topical application of raspberry extract can accelerate the wound healing in diabetic rats and also materials in raspberry extract can stimulate the collagen synthesis and make wound contraction faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main target of this research is drying raspberries in a Microwave assisted fluidized bed dryer. In order to evaluate and predict the quality properties of this fruit, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. In this research, the effects of five variables: power of microwave (0, 300 and 600 W), temperature (55, 70 and 85 C), air flow rate (15, 20 and 25 m/s), starting time of microwave input (from the moment when the moisture content decreased until 334, 400 and 466 g water per 100 g dry matter) and amount of material (50, 100 and 150 g) on the rehydration capacity and loss of anthocyanins content were studied. Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design with these five factors each at three different levels, including central and axial points. With respect to the dependent variables, both linear and quadratic effects of all of the five independent variables on Rehydration Capacity and loss of anthocyanins content were found to be significant. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. According to our results, the optimal point for both characteristics were as follows: microwave power 600 W, temperature 74 , the air flow rate 3/22 meters per second and 53 grams of the substance, starting from the moment the microwave 466 percent moisture content was reduced. Model to predict the dependent variables with empirical results obtained were very close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raspberry is a good source in terms of antocianines, polyphenols, vitamin C, fibers, proteins and minerals contents. Raspberry juice is susceptible to enzymatic and microbial reactions, because of its high moisture content (75-90%). Concentration of Raspberry juice increases its shelf life, while decreasing costs of storage and transport. In this study, extracts obtained from two raspberry cultivars of Amol (red) and Siyahkal (black) were concentrated by two methods, radiation (microwave) and convention (evaporator-rotary) applying three pressure levels: 12, 38.5 and 100 kPa. Changes in physicochemical properties including brix, acidity, pH, turbidity and color were assessed during the concentration process of two kinds of juice. Results showed decrease in acidity and color and increase in brix and turbidity of the juices, but rate and amount of changes were dissimilar in different methods and pressures. Samples concentrated by radiation using microwave in comparison with conventional method (evaporator-rotary) had superior quality. Furthermore, decrease in pressure led to better quality in product in both techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the shelf life, improve availability and reduce the storage and transportation costs, our study aimed at concentrating of two kinds of juices obtained from two raspberry cultivars (modified black and wild red) by two new techniques of vacuum and microwave in three pressure levels 12, 38/5 and 100 kPa. The influence of concentration process and operational parameters (concentrating duration and pressure) on color factors (a*, b* and L*) and antioxidant activity of the final product were assessed. Considering that the samples color is influenced by the presence of anthocyanins, relationship between color and antioxidant activity were determined by a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 1). Results suggest color and anthocyanins deteriorate over time. Deterioration rate depends on the kind of concentration process and process pressure, being higher in evaporator-rotary technique and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, anthocyanin half-life times in the pressures 100, 38.5 and 12 kPa were 93.7, 97.7 and 103 min in evaporator-rotary technique and 146.5, 233 and 480 min in microwave technique for modified black raspberry, respectively while being 93.5, 115.5 and 117 min in evaporator-rotary and 118, 480 and 515 min in microwave technique for wild red raspberry, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]