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Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune, psychosomatic skin diseases that is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty expressing negative feelings. The role of psychological factors such as emotional experiences and especially emotional ataxia in the clinical course of many skin diseases has been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of emotional ataxia and psychological distress in predicting the degree of itching and the severity of the disease in people with psoriasis. Methodology: The statistical population of the research was psoriasis sufferers in Tehran in 1401. For this purpose, with the available sampling method, 187 people with psoriasis who were members of the Iranian Psoriasis Association participated in the research online. Toronto Ataxia Questionnaire (TAS), Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Psoriasis Level and Severity Index (PASI) and self-report itch intensity measurement were completed. Results: The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional dyslexia, psychological distress, the severity of itching and the severity of the disease. Stepwise regression was used to investigate the moderating role of alexithymia between psychological distress and itching intensity. Conclusion: The findings show that the beta related to the interaction of emotional ataxia and psychological distress is significant in predicting 34% of itching in psoriasis. But these results were not significant for predicting the severity of the disease by emotional ataxia and psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that the experience of emotions in educational environments affects academic stress, social adjustment and psychological distress. The basic experiential processing method under the title of emotion-oriented processes leads to the activation and reorganization of emotional schemas. The review of related research literature shows that limited studies have investigated the teaching of emotional processing strategies on academic stress, social adjustment and psychological distress of students. Aims: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotional processing strategies training on academic stress, social adjustment and psychological distress in male second year high school students. Methods: The design of the current research was experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students of the second year of high school in Khorram Abad who were studying in the academic year of 2001-2001. Using multistage random sampling method, 60 students were selected and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an 8-session educational intervention of emotion-oriented processing strategies (Gross, 2007). In this research, the scales of academic stress of Zajakova et al. (2005), Sinha and Singh (1993) social adjustment and Kessler (2003) psychological distress were used and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the research showed that teaching emotion-oriented processing strategies reduces academic stress, increases social adaptation, and reduces psychological distress in second year high school male students at a significance level of p< 0.01. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is concluded that emotion-oriented processing training can help reduce academic stress and psychological distress, and increase the level of social adjustment of second year male students. Therefore, paying attention to teaching emotion-oriented processing strategies can play an important role in improving the academic, psychological and social status of students in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The addiction to social networks poses serious risks to the lives and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to create a model of social media addiction that takes into account family dynamics, positive development, and psychological distress, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies acting as mediators among adolescents. Methods. This descriptive-correlational study included adolescents aged 15-18 years during the 2022--2023 educational year in Tabriz schools. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the adolescents. Data were collected using the Social Network Addiction Scale (SNAS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the Positive Youth Development-Via Strengths Family Scale (PYD-VSF), and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS and LISREL software. Results. A strong positive correlation was found between positive youth development and effective emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, there was a notable negative correlation between dysfunctional family dynamics and effective emotion regulation strategies. Psychological distress was directly linked to ineffective emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, a significant direct connection was identified between psychological distress and social media addiction. There was also a notable relationship between dysfunctional family dynamics and social media addiction. The results from the structural equation modeling indicated a strong fit for the proposed model. Specifically, healthy family dynamics were positively correlated with effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies (t = 2.44, γ = 0.17),, while dysfunctional family dynamics showed a negative correlation with these strategies (t = -4.74, γ = -0.43). In conclusion, psychological distress and dysfunctional family dynamics are predictors of social media addiction, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies serving as a mediating factor. Improving emotional self-regulation through better family dynamics and addressing psychological distress can help safeguard adolescents from addiction to the Internet and social media. Conclusion. Psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning predict social media addiction, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Enhancing emotional self-regulation through family functioning and addressing psychological distress can protect adolescents from Internet and social media addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The addiction to social networks poses serious risks to the lives and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to create a model of social media addiction that takes into account family dynamics, positive development, and psychological distress, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies acting as mediators among adolescents. Methods. This descriptive-correlational study included adolescents aged 15-18 years during the 2022–2023 educational year in Tabriz schools. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the adolescents. Data were collected using the social network addiction scale (SNAS), the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS), the positive youth development-via strengths family scale (PYD-VSF), and the McMaster family assessment device (FAD). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS and LISREL software. Results. A strong positive correlation was found between positive youth development and effective emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, there was a notable negative correlation between dysfunctional family dynamics and effective emotion regulation strategies. Psychological distress was directly linked to ineffective emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, a significant direct connection was identified between psychological distress and social media addiction. There was also a notable relationship between dysfunctional family dynamics and social media addiction. The results from the structural equation modeling indicated a strong fit for the proposed model. Specifically, healthy family dynamics were positively correlated with effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies (t = 2.44, γ = 0.17), while dysfunctional family dynamics showed a negative correlation with these strategies (t = -4.74, γ = -0.43). In conclusion, psychological distress and dysfunctional family dynamics are predictors of social media addiction, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies serving as a mediating factor. Improving emotional self-regulation through better family dynamics and addressing psychological distress can help safeguard adolescents from addiction to the Internet and social media. Conclusion. Psychological distress and unhealthy family functioning predict social media addiction, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Enhancing emotional self-regulation through family functioning and addressing psychological distress can protect adolescents from Internet and social media addiction.

Introduction: Nurses as a large proportion of the healthcare workforce report significant distress and burnout, which can lead to poor patient care, and according to the latest report in 2018, the rate of burnout among nurses was 25%. Among several psychological interventions, integrated therapy can be effective in improving mental fatigue and distress. So, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the effectiveness of integrated( cognitive -behavioral - acceptance and commitment -based) therapy on reducing psychological distress and mental fatigue in nurses with burnout symptoms in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This research was a semi -experimental pre -test -post -test study with a control group. The statistical population included all female nurses working in Imam Reza Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) which had symptoms of burnout, . 30 nurses were selected by purposive sampling considering the inclusion criteria and then they were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Subjects of both groups responded to Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI, Smets et al) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale before and after the intervention. The therapeutic intervention was provided to the experimental group twice a week for 10 sessions of 45 minutes. Results:The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the combined treatment intervention in terms of psychological distress and mental fatigue in nurses with signs of job burnout. Conclusion:It is suggested to use CBT -ACT in a continuous and regular manner in hospitals and universities in the form of training classes in order to reduce psychological distress and mental fatigue and job burnout [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diseases such as heart patients cause psychological changes in patients in addition to physical symptoms, which can increase the damage caused by this disease for individuals and society. Therefore, the necessity of research in the field of examining the psychological factors of these patients in order to increase their mental health is significant. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in explaining the causal relationships between emotion regulation strategies and adherence to treatment in coronary heart disease patients. Methods: The present research method was descriptive and correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population of the study included all patients with coronary artery disease who had referred to Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2022. The statistical sample included 218 patients with coronary artery disease who were selected by purposeful sampling based on the research entry criteria. The tools used in the present research include questionnaires of adherence to the treatment of chronic diseases (Syd Fatemi et al., 2018), perceived social support (Zimmat et al., 1998), psychological distress (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), self-efficacy in cardiovascular disease management (Staka et al., 2015) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski et al., 2006). Data analysis was analyzed using two or multiple comparison and relational inferences in data analysis and SPSS.22 and Amos.22 software. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of treatment adherence based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease has a good fit (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this research can help patients with coronary artery disease to achieve effective strategies to deal with the disease and achieve a useful medical and psychological outcome by using psychological distress management and cardiovascular disease management self-efficacy

The purpose of the present study was to investigate mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy in relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological distress in women with breast cancer. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was all women with breast cancer in oncology department of Imam Khomeini and Imam Hossein Hospitals in Tehran, Iran in year 2023. The sampling method was convenience and the sample size was 250 people. Data collection tools included the depression anxiety stress scale of Lovibond and Lovibond, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and et al., resilience scale of Connor and Davidson and general of self-efficacy scale of Sherer and et al. The data were analyzed using correlation matrix and structural equation modeling. The main findings indicated that cognitive emotion regulation had directly significant relation with psychological distress. Cognitive emotion regulation indirectly had a significant relationship through the mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy with psychological distress. It seems that cognitive emotion regulation directly and indirectly by mediating the role of resilience and self-efficacy predicted psychological distress. This study indicated the necessity of increasing cognitive emotion regulation, resilience and self-efficacy for psychological distress.

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, often leading to emotional challenges. This study aimed at investigating the mediating roles of resilience and self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress among breast cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women with breast cancer admitted to Imam Khomeini and Imam Hossein Hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2023. A total of 250 patients were included using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) by Lovibond (1995), Resilience Scale (RISC) by Connor and Davidson (2003), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) by Scherer et al. (1982), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet et al. (1988). Results: Perceived social support had a direct and significant effect on resilience (β=0.34, P=0.001) and self-efficacy (β=0.19, P=0.019) in women with breast cancer. However, no significant direct relationship was found between perceived social support and psychological distress. Resilience (β=-0.46, P=0.001) and self-efficacy (β=0.33, P=0.001) directly influenced psychological distress, with both factors mediating the relationship between social support and distress. The final model demonstrated good fit indices (CFI=0.93, CMIN/DF=1.82, RMSEA=0.064, P

Background: Beliefs about drug cravings hold considerable sway in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. Delving into the contributing factors influencing these beliefs, including self-efficacy and psychological distress, offers valuable insights into the perpetuation and establishment of addiction among men engaged in methamphetamine abuse. Aims: The primary objective of this study was to forecast the correlation between self-efficacy, psychological distress, and drug craving beliefs among men abusing methamphetamine. The specific emphasis was placed on investigating the intermediary function of self-efficacy and psychological distress within this correlation. Methods: The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling as the methodology. The statistical population encompassed men between the ages of 20 and 65 who engaged in methamphetamine abuse during the period of 2022 to 2023. Utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 262 individuals were chosen through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires evaluating craving beliefs, depression, anxiety-stress, and general self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted employing the structural equation method and SMARTPLS software. Results: The examination of fitness indicators against the proposed causal model validated the suitability of the established model. Findings from the direct standard regression coefficients indicated that psychological distress correlates with heightened drug use craving beliefs. Additionally, psychological distress exhibited a direct and adverse impact on self-efficacy, while self-efficacy demonstrated a direct and negative influence on craving beliefs. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator in the connection between psychological distress and craving beliefs. Conclusion: Psychological distress diminishes self-efficacy, contributing to persistent cravings for ongoing substance abuse over the long term.

Introduction: Increasing students' use of smartphones and the fact that these types of phones provide many features have put the potential addiction to smartphones at the center of research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social health, brain-behavioral systems, psychological distress, and mental well-being and intelligent mobile phones. Materials and Methods: The present research’s method, according to the data collection method, was descriptive-correlation . Based on Morgan's table, 362 medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were selected as the sample using available sampling method. To collect data, Kisse's Social Health Questionnaires, Carver and White Brain-Behavioral Systems Scale Questionnaire, Kasler Psychological Distress Questionnaire, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Welfare Questionnaire, and Kohi Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire were used. The data was analyzed using SPSS21 software through Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: Regulatory analysis results showed that mental well -being, brain -behavioral system, brain -behavioral system, and social health are able to predict 45 % of the variance of smartphone dependence. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that increasing social health; increasing behavioral activation system and reducing behavioral inhibition; reducing psychological distress and increasing mental well -being have been associated with reducing dependence on smartphones.

Background and Aim: Emotion regulation is an important and determining factor in psychological wellbeing and effective behavior of people, which plays an essential role in adapting to stressful life events. People who experience emotion dysregulation may show symptoms such as impulsive behaviors, severe anxiety, aggression, and problems with metacognition. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of the brain in improving emotion dysregulation and the speed of brain information processing. Methods: This study is pre-post-test research. In this study, 20 healthy participants (male, right-handed) were used. The participants were randomly assigned to two anodal stimulation groups and sham (control) groups. By completing the ERQ and DTS questionnaires, as well as performing the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) before and after electrical stimulation of the brain by the HD-tDCS method in the L-DLPFC area, this study was followed up and carried out. Results: After the intervention (stimulation) in the pre-post test comparison between the stimulation group and the control group, there was a difference in terms of evaluation variables, suppression, being absorbed by negative emotions, regulating efforts to relieve distress, the number of correct answers in the PASAT test and the time to answer the PASAT test. There was significance (P<0.05). This shows the effectiveness of the intervention (anodal stimulation) on these components between the stimulation and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the stimulation and control groups in terms of emotional distress tolerance, subjective estimation of distress, and the number of incorrect answers in the PASAT test (P>0.05). Also, in the comparison of the pre-post test, time was not recognized as a significant factor in any of the research components. Conclusion: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improves some components of emotion dysregulation and also improves brain information processing speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: A large number of drug users make attempts to cease drug use; however, a relapse tendency often emerges subsequent to the cessation period. The present study aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation skill training on self-control and psychological distress among opioid-dependent people hospitalized at Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the fourth quarter of the year 2022, focusing on 80 drug users who underwent treatment at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Zahedan. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a total of 10 sessions of training in emotion regulation skills. The self-control and psychological distress questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the psychological distress score among opioid addicts in both the intervention group (P

Background: Beliefs about drug cravings hold considerable sway in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. Delving into the contributing factors influencing these beliefs, including self-efficacy and psychological distress, offers valuable insights into the perpetuation and establishment of addiction among men engaged in methamphetamine abuse. Aims: The primary objective of this study was to forecast the correlation between self-efficacy, psychological distress, and drug craving beliefs among men abusing methamphetamine. The specific emphasis was placed on investigating the intermediary function of self-efficacy and psychological distress within this correlation. Methods: The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling as the methodology. The statistical population encompassed men between the ages of 20 and 65 who engaged in methamphetamine abuse during the period of 2022 to 2023. Utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 262 individuals were chosen through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires evaluating craving beliefs, depression, anxiety-stress, and general self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted employing the structural equation method and SMARTPLS software. Results: The examination of fitness indicators against the proposed causal model validated the suitability of the established model. Findings from the direct standard regression coefficients indicated that psychological distress correlates with heightened drug use craving beliefs. Additionally, psychological distress exhibited a direct and adverse impact on self-efficacy, while self-efficacy demonstrated a direct and negative influence on craving beliefs. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator in the connection between psychological distress and craving beliefs. Conclusion: Psychological distress diminishes self-efficacy, contributing to persistent cravings for ongoing substance abuse over the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: Inefficient parent-child interaction causes psychological, communication and emotional damage in teenagers. according to this the present study was conducted to effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory on impulsive behaviors and psychological distress of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. Methodology: The current study was a semi-experimental application with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population was made up of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction who referred to the education counseling center of Isfahan city in the academic year of 2022-23. In order to carry out the present study, 37 adolescent with inefficient parent-child interaction were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (19 adolescent in the experimental group and 18 adolescent in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received ten sessions of reality therapy based on choice theory during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires in this study included parent-child relationship questionnaire (PCRQ), Impulsive Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ) and Psychological Distress Questionnaire (PDQ). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results showed that reality therapy based on choice theory has had effect on impulsive behaviors (f=58.79; eta=0.62; p<0001) and psychological distress (f=43.03; eta=0.53; p<0001) of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, reality therapy based on choice theory can be used as an efficient method to decrease impulsive behaviors and psychological distress of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction through employing techniques such focusing on the present time, avoiding excessive criticism and training accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Feeling alone and enduring distress are risk factors for suicidal thoughts, while parental bonds are protective factors. However, the complex mechanisms behind these factors have not been identified among people with a history of suicide attempts. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict suicide attempts through distress tolerance, feeling alone, and parental bonds in people with a history of suicide attempts. Material & Methods: The current research is a descriptive-correlational study, and the statistical population included all people with a history of suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 120 people were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools included parental bond questionnaires by Parker et al. (1979), distress tolerance by Simmons and Gaher (2005), feelings of loneliness by Russell et al. (1980), and attempted suicide was made by the researcher. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive methods, including Mean and Standard deviation and inferential statistics (e.g., Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis) using the SPSS software (version 27) and PLS3 statistical software. Results: The results showed that among the predictor variables, feeling alone had the highest predictive power (64.7%), and in the second step, with the addition of parental bond with the mother, it increased to 0.701%, and in the third step, with the addition of Parenting bond with father reached 0.729%, and in fourth step with the addition of distress tolerance, it reached 0.743%, all of which are statistically significant. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, we can point out the influential role of feeling alone in predicting suicide attempts, and the need for families and policy-makers to pay attention to this prominent factor can play a major role in reducing suicide rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: A large number of drug users make attempts to cease drug use; however, a relapse tendency often emerges subsequent to the cessation period. The present study aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation skill training on self-control and psychological distress among opioid-dependent people hospitalized at Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the fourth quarter of the year 2022, focusing on 80 drug users who underwent treatment at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Zahedan. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a total of 10 sessions of training in emotion regulation skills. The self-control and psychological distress questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the psychological distress score among opioid addicts in both the intervention group (P<0.001) and the control group significantly decreased (P<0.005). To account for the significant effect of pre-test scores, an analysis of covariance test was conducted, indicating a statistically significant difference in the average psychological distress scores between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001). Similarly, the selfcontrol score in both the intervention and control groups showed a significant increase in mean and standard deviation (P<0.001). The analysis of covariance test, considering the significant effect of the pre-test scores, also showed a statistically significant difference in the average self-control score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed that emotion regulation skills training among individuals with opioid dependency is associated with a significant decrease in psychological distress and a significant increase in self-control. Consequently, these findings suggest that such regulation may exert positive and inhibitory influences on behaviors contributing to the recurrence of substance use. In light of these findings, it is recommended to implement training programs focused on developing emotion regulation skills as a means to improve psychological distress and self-control among individuals undergoing addiction recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order for the innovation policymakers to design and fulfill suitable interventions in the community's psychological management, which is affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor all information about different groups of the community quickly, in a comprehensive and classified manner in other times. The aim of this study is to develop a questionnaire to evaluate distress levels like this. Considering the RIU knowledge transfer model and using a researcher-designed questionnaire to assess distress levels in the general population and healthcare workers, an online survey was conducted in the summer of 2019 in Tehran province. In the general population, in the study period, all independent variables, including socio-economic stress, respect to health protocols, trust in healthcare officials and job distress of medical staff, have significant effects on general distress. The socio-economic stress variable had the greatest impact. The regression model from this study allows the policymaker to estimate the general distress level of the society according to the independent variables studied. Despite the high effect of stressors, the study population's psychological resilience level is acceptable during the study period. They still trust healthcare officials and respect health protocols. However, considering the differences in the findings of various studies on distress level and it is strengthening factors show the need for accurate and continuous monitoring of societal changes at different times of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience symptoms of cognitive impairment. These patients perceive a lot of stress and are required to comply with quarantine conditions. Remote stress management training, in accordance with the principles of quarantine of these patients, can be effective in their recovery process. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of remote stress management training on the cognitive status of patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, the research population was all the patients with COVID-19 referred to Gharazi Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran, in the winter of 2021. Seventy patients were selected by available sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups (35 people) by limited randomization method. For the intervention group, the remote stress management online training program was implemented in five 60-minute sessions over two weeks. The control group did not receive training. The cognitive status index was measured using Folstein et al.'s brief cognitive status examination questionnaire [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)] before and after the training sessions. The data were analyzed with SPSS software at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and by performing chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test as well as the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: The comparison of the average scores of the cognitive status in the pre-test and post-test phases of the two groups showed that the remote stress management training had a significant effect on the cognitive status of the patients with COVID-19 and improved this index in the intervention group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, remote stress management training can improve the cognitive status of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this method of training is recommended due to the convenience and possibility of using it in the quarantine conditions of these patients.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial disease that has many psychological consequences. In this regard, the present study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance of employees with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: The present research has a quasi-experimental design, with pre-test-post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the research included the employees of Tehran province in 2019. Thirty patients were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The data collection tools included sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance questionnaires. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, but the control group did not. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis by SPSS-24 software.Results: Acceptance and commitment therapy significantly reduced emotional and avoidant coping styles. On the contrary, it has increased sexual function, problem-oriented coping style, and distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, evaluation, adjustment) in employees with rheumatoid arthritis (P

Background: The research indicates that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological distress are among the most important structures that can cause problems to people's health. In addition, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on these structures in women has conflicting results, requiring more research in this field. Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on women's psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes. Method: The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Beck et al. dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (1991) and Kessler et al. psychological distress questionnaire (2002) in two phases, pre-test and post-test, and received an acceptance and commitment-based therapy trial group (Wells and Sorrell, 2007). After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSSV19 software. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p

Aim and Background: One of the common problems in physically-motor disabled people is psychological distress, defects in executive function and cognitive flexibility, which causes many negative consequences for these people, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation on performance. Executive and cognitive flexibility in physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress was done. Methods and Materials: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mild to moderate physical-motor disabilities who had a file in the welfare department of Babol city in 1401. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group received behavioral activation therapy (8 sessions) and one session every week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research questionnaires included Barkley's implementation performance questionnaire (2011), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire, and Lavibond and Lavibond's (1995) psychological disturbance questionnaire. For data analysis, univariate covariance analysis was used with SPSS version 25 software. Findings: Our findings can be useful for selecting and designing the most appropriate treatment approach according to the needs of physical-motor disabled people with psychological distress. Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be stated that investigating the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy is effective in increasing the executive function and cognitive flexibility of physically-motor disabled people with psychological distress.

Introduction and Aim: Psychological distress is a common disorder during pregnancy. Nevertheless, it is recommended to conduct national and regional studies to identify factors influencing it. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating psychological distress in pregnant women subjected to domestic violence. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 305 pregnant mothers subjected to domestic violence in southern Iran. Subjects were included in the study by census and the data were collected through questionnaires: Kessler's psychological distress and the short form of domestic violence screening scale. Then, they were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Results: The mean score and ± standard deviation of the psychological distress of pregnant women under domestic violence was 24.68 ± 6.43. The results showed that psychological distress had a direct and significant statistical relationship with the age of pregnant women (p

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world, which affects the functional level of patients due to its progressive nature. disabilities caused by the disease lead to the dependence of these patients on family caregivers. Following the changes in caregivers’ lives, most family caregivers are exposed to psychological distress. Involving caregivers in pulmonary rehabilitation training for patients is one of the ways to reduce psychological distress. Considering the emergence of the digital age and the limitations of face-to-face training such as time and cost, mobile phone-based applications are available as one of the new methods for providing educational support to caregivers. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the pulmonary rehabilitation application on the psychological distress of caregivers of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials & Methods This study is a field trial conducted on 70 family caregivers of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The samples were selected as available from the Sun Breathing Comprehensive Clinic and after checking the inclusion criteria, they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups by minimization software. The intervention group used mobile phone-based pulmonary rehabilitation training application for 6 weeks. For the control group, face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation training (routine) was provided in the form of 12 sessions during 6 weeks. The data collection tool included Kessler’s demographic information and psychological distress questionnaires, which were completed by caregivers before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 software and Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and independent and paired t tests. Results According to the findings, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. The average age of caregivers in the intervention and control groups was (44.1±14.8), (47.7±13.8) years, respectively. In the intervention group, 71.4% were female caregivers and in the control group, 82.9% were female caregivers (P>0/05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in terms of psychological distress between the test and control groups (P

Background and Aim: Low Back pain is one of the most common diseases that face adults with various physical, psychological, economic, and social problems. Due to the fact that patients experience various degrees of disability during this period, the present study was conducted to determine the quality of life and functional outcome in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: This study was a descriptive-interventional study that was performed in 2022. One hundred twenty patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery were included in the study by census method. Patients were investigated before and, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation using a 12-question short-form questionnaire to measure the quality of life, the Oswestry Functional Disability Questionnaire to measure the severity of the disability, the European Quality of Life Questionnaire to measure the health-related quality of life, and the DASS Questionnaire to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and the significance level was less than 0.05. Results: The quality of life in the physical dimension improved after 12 months (P<0.05). Oswestry disability index improved from severe to moderate disability and preoperative disability improved compared to 12 months after surgery (P<0.05). The EQ-5D index improved after 12 months and significantly differed from before surgery (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between stress before and 12 months after surgery (P<0.05). The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between Oswestry functional disability index and body mass index (P = 0.002) and age (P = 0.01), and depression with gender (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of life, functional ability, and stress in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery improved after 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infertility is a major problem among many families, especially in Iranian families. The phenomenon of infertility, having the conditions of a critical event, ie duration, complex conditions, unpredictability, and uncontrollable conditions, creates a comprehensive crisis in the life of infertile couples and causes various injuries. Therefore, infertile women can be expected to suffer from various psychological and social problems. The psychological impact of infertility on the marital life of infertile women is often associated with family conflicts. Infertile women often consider infertility as the most stressful event of their lives and describe repeated and successive periods of treatment as periods of crisis and negative psychological responses such as anxiety, depression, lack of control, guilt, sexual problems, and lack of self-confidence. Shows that these negative emotions and stress caused by infertility can even lead to treatment discontinuation or affect treatment outcomes. According to this, the present study was conducted to offer a model of predicting psychological distress according to emotional regulation with the mediation role of adaptation to infertility in infertile women. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational and pathway analysis. The statistical population of the present study included infertile women who were referred to the Royan Infertility Center in the city of Tehran in the summer of 2020. The statistical samples included 350 infertile women who were selected through a convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires included the Psychological-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS) (Drogits, 1986), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Garnefski, et.al, 2001), and Psychological Distress Questionnaire (Kessler, et.al, 2002). The data analysis was conducted via pathway analysis and Bootstrap test. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 software. Results: The results showed that positive and negative emotional regulation and adaptation to infertility have a significant relationship with the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Moreover, positive and negative emotional regulation and adaptation to infertility have a direct significant effect on the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Moreover, the results of Bootstrap showed that the adaptation to infertility has a significant mediation role in the relationship of positive and negative emotional regulation with the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Finally, the model enjoyed an appropriate goodness of fit. Conclusion: Considering the significant mediation role of adaptation to infertility clinical therapists must improve the infertile women's psychological-social adaptation through applying efficient psychological therapy methods. Because adapting to infertility can bring psychological and emotional relief to infertile women. This process also allows infertile women to follow their treatment process without stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial disease that has many psychological consequences. In this regard, the present study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance of employees with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The present research has a quasi-experimental design, with pre-testpost-test and a control group. The statistical population of the research included the employees of Tehran province in 2019. Thirty patients were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The data collection tools included sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance questionnaires. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, but the control group did not. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis by SPSS-24 software. Results:Acceptance and commitment therapy significantly reduced emotional and avoidant coping styles. On the contrary, it has increased sexual function, problem-oriented coping style, and distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, evaluation, adjustment) in employees with rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.001). Also, according to the calculated effect size, 76% of the total variances of the intervention and control groups are due to the effect of the independent variable. Conclusion:This research findings indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in increasing the rheumatoid arthritis patients’ mental health. Since patients with rheumatoid arthritis are psychologically vulnerable, it is necessary to take measures to improve their psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The birth of a child in any family can create a turning point in the life of any individual and lead to many changes. But births become problematic when they are born with a disability. The aim of this study was to evaluate The effectiveness of self-compassionate resilience training on self-talk and psychological distress in parents of mentally retarded students.Method: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental method using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of mentally retarded children in Ardakan. Using the available sampling method, 30 people were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). Participants answered Kessler et al.'s (2002) Psychological Distress Questionnaire and Brin Tapet et al.'s (2008) Self-talk Questionnaire (STS). Compassionate integration training was also taught to mothers of mentally retarded children in Ardakan during 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. But the control group did not receive any intervention during the experiment. Finally, the research data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and at a significance level of 0.05Result: The results showed that resilience training combined with self-compassion had a significant effect on self-talk and psychological distress of parents of students with mental disabilities (P

Aim and Background: The Coronavirus disease pandemic has caused high stress, anxiety and distress for the healthcare workers. Although the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and spiritual coping with psychological distress has been confirmed, little attention has been paid to mediating factors of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of present study was investigating the mediating role of Coronavirus anxiety in the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and spiritual coping with the psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19. Methods and Materials: This study is a fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population included all healthcare workers in Mashhad, Iran. In this cross- sectional descriptive research, 366 healthcare workers participated, in the year 2021. The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, spiritual coping questionnaire, Corona disease anxiety scale and psychological distress scale were used to collect data. The research data were analyzed using descriptive indices, Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis method. Findings: The results showed that the level of psychological distress and Coronavirus anxiety in the healthcare workers are 17.01±10.52 and 13.26±8.91. There was a significant relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, positive and negative spiritual coping, and Coronavirus anxiety with psychological distress (P

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought many psychological consequences for patients with chronic low back pain. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional regulation and psychological distress in patients with chronic low back pain and COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included patients with chronic low back pain in Tehran in 2021. The study sample included 30 patients with chronic low back pain who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. The collection tools included COVID-19 anxiety (Alipour et al (2020)), emotional regulation (Gross and John (2003)), and psychological distress (Lovibond and Lovibond (1995)) questionnaires. The experimental group received 8 ninety-minute sessions of therapy based on acceptance and commitment, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), multivariate covariance analysis, univariate covariance analysis test in Mancova text, and Levene's, Box's and Bartlett's chi-square tests at a significance level of 0.05 through SPSS 24 software. Results: The results of the present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has significantly increased emotion regulation (reevaluation and suppression) and reduced psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in patients suffering from chronic low back pain and COVID-19 anxiety (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has been able to reduce the psychological problems of patients with chronic low back pain and COVID-19 anxiety. For this purpose, it is suggested to hold workshops and develop programs by psychologists and pain specialists for patients with chronic low back pain.

Background: The research indicates that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological distress are among the most important structures that can cause problems to people's health. In addition, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on these structures in women has conflicting results, requiring more research in this field. Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on women's psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes. Method: The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Beck et al. dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (1991) and Kessler et al. psychological distress questionnaire (2002) in two phases, pre-test and post-test, and received an acceptance and commitment-based therapy trial group (Wells and Sorrell, 2007). After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSSV19 software. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p<0.01), which indicates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the variables of ineffective attitudes and psychological distress. Conclusion: The women who participated in acceptance and commitment-based training obtained lower scores in ineffective attitudes and psychological distress in the post-test than before participating in the said program compared to the group that did not participate. This issue indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based education in research variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Several factors may be the basis of intimate partner violence (IPV) and psychological distress of female victims, among which the role of positive concepts in such relationships is not very clear. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the model of the role of self-compassion and compassion for the romantic partner (CR) in psychological distress with the mediation of intimate partner violence (IPV) in female victims. Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive. The statistical population included all women victims of IPV in Kerman province in 2023 (Kerman and Rafsanjan Cities) in 2022-2023, out of which 301 women were selected by convenience sampling. Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Compassionate Goals Scale (CGS), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) were used for gathering data. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The results showed that there is a relationship between psychological distress and self-compassion, CR, and IPV with rates of -0.544, 0.153, and 0.332, respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between IPV and self-compassion and CR with the rate of -0.363 and 0.193 (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a relationship between self-compassion and CR and psychological distress and mediation of IPV with rates of -0.121 and 0.064 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study suggested that self-compassion in women who are victims of IPV can have positive consequences, but CR can increase IPV and, as a result, more psychological distress. Therefore, the results of this research highlight the different effects of positive concepts in traumatic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and background: review and comparison of the effect of therapy method of hipnotherapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy on the psychological distress of patients with chronic pain. Material and Methods: The current research is prospective, practical and experimental. The statistical population was all patients with chronic pain disorder in Tehran in 2019. Sampling was done in a purposive sampling and 60 people (20 people in each group (two experimental groups and one control group)) were selected from patients with chronic pain disorder and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Short-term psychotherapy and hypnotherapy training was provided to the experimental group for 8 sessions; World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires,West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire, Waterloo Stanford Hypnotizability Questionnaire (1993), Dunlow's short-term psychodynamic therapy and Watson's hypnotherapy were used to collect information. Results: Both methods of intervention have led to decrease in the average of the four components of the psychological distress in the post-test and follow-up stages. Also, compared to hypnotherapy, short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy has increased the psychological distress of patients. Conclusion: Both short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy decrease the psychological distress in patients with chronic pain, but ShortTerm Dynamic Psychotherapy is more effective compared to hypnotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Infertility makes people susceptible to mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety (3). Failure to pay attention to mental disorders and their symptoms such as interpersonal relationship problems, marital dissatisfaction, and decreased sexual desire creates a vicious cycle that reduces the possibility of infertility treatment and also leads to divorce (4). In societies where cultural norms value women more than the role of motherhood, infertility causes instability in cohabitation, domestic violence, and isolation (5). Infertility, because it causes a woman's inability to achieve the desired social role, is often associated with psychological distress (6) and affects their psychological, physical, social wellbeing and life expectancy (5). But among the various factors, one of the most important variables in infertile women is psychological distress. In a general definition, psychological distress is emotional suffering that may have a negative impact on people's social functions and daily life (7) and is characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety (8). Another important variable in the society of infertile women is infertility self-efficacy (9). Infertility self-efficacy means infertile people's perception of their abilities to use behavioral, emotional and cognitive capabilities in facing the diagnosis and medical treatment of infertility (11). Finally, the quality of life is a broad concept that includes different areas of human life, including health (12). Quality of life is people's sense of their abilities regarding physical, emotional and social functions, and today it is considered as one of the indicators of development, which is very important to improve (14). Due to the importance of infertility and the negative consequences of infertility in women, many interventions with different approaches have been formulated to reduce the psychological problems of infertile women. One of the therapeutic approaches that can be effective in psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy and also the quality of life of infertile women is schema therapy (15). Schema therapy is one of the most widely used third wave treatments, which was proposed by Jeffrey Young (16). The basis of schema theory is the principle of coordination. People are motivated to perpetuate their self-consistent view of the world and themselves and tend to interpret situations in such a way that their schemas are confirmed (17). Another treatment approach that seems to be effective in psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy, and also the quality of life of infertile women, is the treatment based on acceptance and commitment (13). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment is one of the treatments of the third wave of the cognitive-behavioral approach, whose primary goal is to increase the quality of life by reducing the effect of ineffective control strategies and supporting behavioral change based on values (22). According to the above material, the researcher is trying to answer the question whether the effectiveness of treatment based on schema therapy has an effect on psychological distress, infertility self-efficacy and the quality of life of infertile women in Tehran. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group for this purpose among infertile women who had referred to the infertility treatment centers of districts 1 to 5 of Tehran in 1401. With the coordination of the director of the infertility centers of regions 1 to 5, the health and care officer of the center provided the files of the infertile people to the researcher and while contacting the infertile women, they were given explanations about the working method. Based on this, 30 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. In the first session and before the beginning of the treatment sessions, a pre-test and at the end of the last session, a post-test was conducted in both groups. A follow-up meeting was held in the same place after three months. The experimental group participated in schema therapy group sessions twice a week for ten 2-hour sessions. This treatment protocol with the opinion of clinical experts and the use of reliable sources (16) is presented by sessions in Table 1. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of psychological distress in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, the interaction effect between time and group is significant, which shows that the mean scores of psychological distress of infertile women are different at different times according to the variable levels of the group. That is, there is a significant difference between the two groups (the second experimental group and the control group) in the reduction of the psychological distress scores of infertile women from the pre-test stage to the follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the psychological distress scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean psychological distress scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.001). Another finding showed that there is a significant difference between the mean infertility self-efficacy scores in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the infertility self-efficacy scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean infertility self-efficacy scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.002). (Table 3). As can be seen in Table 4, there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the quality of life in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. It was also found that the quality of life scores of infertile women are different at different times according to the variable levels of the group. That is, there is a significant difference between the two groups (the second experimental group and the control group) in the increase in the quality of life scores of infertile women from the pre-examination stage to the follow-up. Also, the significance of the group factor on the quality of life scores of infertile women indicates that regardless of the measurement time, there is a significant difference between the mean quality of life scores of the experimental and control groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: Schema therapy by emphasizing the change of maladaptive coping styles and maladaptive schemas formed in childhood and explaining how they are effective in processing and facing life events in therapy instead of ineffective coping styles and strategies provides an opportunity for the patient to stop negative evaluation and avoidance. and instead use normal and adaptive coping strategies (27). Schema therapy is used to change processes and activities such as negative rumination, threat monitoring, focusing on danger, selling thoughts and behaviors such as behavioral, cognitive, and emotional avoidance that people prone to depression use to deal with the perceived inconsistency and regulate the resulting negative emotions. they give, it pays, and in this way it reduces the feeling of helplessness and inefficiency in a person (30). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: : Adolescence is a period in which many healthy and unhealthy habits are formed and spread to the next periods of life, and since during this period, healththreatening behaviors increase, adolescents are at risk of many health-threatening behaviors including increased food intake, decreased physical activity, and increased developmental vulnerability. Therefore, a health-promoting lifestyle in teenagers is one of the best ways that they can maintain and improve their health. Health-promoting behaviors are part of daily life activities that create a set of individual happiness, values, and well-being. A healthy lifestyle is a balanced life in which a person consciously makes healthy choices in different areas. Health promotion includes behaviors during which a person should have proper nutrition, exercise regularly, avoid harmful behaviors, protect against accidents, detect signs of illness in time in the physical dimension, control emotions, feelings, and thoughts, and cope with It deals with stress and problems in the mental dimension, independence, adaptability and modification of interpersonal relationships in the social dimension. Therefore, the type of interpersonal relationships and, as a result, the emotional system that governs the family structure and interpersonal relationships, affects the mental health of a person, because this emotional system is the ability to separate and differentiate oneself from others on a cognitive and emotional level. The purpose of the present study was to present a structural model for predicting health-promoting lifestyle in teenage girls based on self-differentiation and interpersonal sensitivity with the mediating role of social support. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation type using structural equations. The statistical population in this research was made up of all high school female students in Yazd who were studying in theoretical fields (humanities, experimental sciences and mathematics) in the academic year of 1402-1401. 4 schools from district one and 4 schools from district two of Yazd city (8 schools in total) and from each school three classes from among mathematics, experimental and humanitarian fields (24 classes in total) were selected and in each class the questionnaire was randomly distributed to 15 students were given to complete. Finally, due to the non-response of a number of participants and the missing questionnaires, the analyzes were performed on 340 samples. The measurement tools in this research were Walker's health-promoting lifestyle (1987), perceived social support by Zammit et al. (1988), self-differentiation by Skowron and Smith (2003), and Boyce and Parker's (1989) interpersonal sensitivity. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and path analysis to investigate causal relationships between variables. Results: The results of the fit of the proposed model indicated a good fit of the model with the data. The direct coefficients of the model showed that self-differentiation (P<0.001, β=0.203) and perceived social support (P<0.001, β=0.259) have a significant positive effect on healthpromoting lifestyle, and interpersonal sensitivity on style Health-promoting life has a significant negative effect (P<0.001, β=-0.309). Also, with the inclusion of perceived social support variable into the model, the indirect effect of self-differentiation and interpersonal sensitivity on health-promoting lifestyle became -0.0814 and -0.0335, respectively. Conclusion: In explaining this finding, it can be stated that interpersonal sensitivity (emotional and social) is the skill of evaluating others' abilities, states, and traits through their non-verbal signs, and people who have these characteristics are disturbed in interpersonal relationships, regardless of real criticism or not. They are sensitive to accepting and changing their behavior to follow others' expectations, and as a result, they experience dysfunctional interpersonal relationships to a greater extent. Interpersonal sensitivity can cause individual isolation and increase the feeling of social loneliness because people with high interpersonal sensitivity suffer more from pessimism, mistrust, and a hostile view of the world, and as a result, experience social isolation and reduced benefits from social support. On the other hand, they are radically changing their behavior to suit others to minimize the risk of criticism and rejection. Therefore, teenagers in stressful situations may use it as a tool to reduce their mental pressure, which leads to a decrease in their desirable lifestyle. As a result, if teenagers have characteristics that can receive the necessary social support, this support will make them reduce the number of weaknesses caused by separation anxiety and fragile self-esteem and adjust their interpersonal relationships according to their needs. These relationships further satisfy the need for approval and minimize the fear of rejection and criticism, and during a cycle, this model can strengthen the possibility of promoting a desirable lifestyle. In general, people with differentiation and interpersonal sensitivity problems have difficulty in relating to others and maintaining intimate relationships and tend to cut off communication with others, as a result, they probably receive less social support from others. On the other hand, social support can improve problems related to Psychological disorders, and problems play a moderating role. As a result, a person who has high social support is not easily involved in the process of social comparison in the process of non-differentiation, interpersonal sensitivity, or sensitivity to rejection, and it seems that social support can play a mediating role in the relationship between self-differentiation and interpersonal sensitivity with health-related lifestyle.Therefore, adolescents with differentiation and interpersonal sensitivity problems have difficulty in maintaining intimate relationships with others and tend to cut off communication with others, as a result of which they receive less social support from others and the lack of social support causes maladaptive behaviors and Health decreases in these teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The concern about the quality of life of the elderly living in resident at home and nursing homes has been one of the controversial issues. Some studies believe that if the mental health of the elderly is provided and a suitable atmosphere is created in the nursing homes, better health care and treatment can be provided to the elderly and their life expectancy can be increased; But on the other hand, some studies believe that caring for the elderly at home and with other family members can have an effective role on their psychological health; so that the results of some studies indicate that this group of elderly people have a higher life expectancy; But on the other hand, it can threaten their physical health and make them prone to other chronic diseases and malnutrition. Admission to a nursing home evokes emotional consequences, including feelings of rejection, psychological tension, depression, instability, loss of home and the chance to contact family and friends. Research shows that the living environment of the elderly plays a very important role in their psychological health. It has been shown in various researches that the level of quality of life and mental health, happiness and social health in the elderly living in nursing homes is lower than that of the elderly living at home; Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between living in a nursing home and the psychological state of the elderly, but it cannot be said with certainty that the low mental health of the elderly indicates living in a nursing home; Because some studies have shown that the diseases and disabilities of elderly people living in nursing homes are more than other elderly people, and disabilities lead them to care centers; Maybe this factor also has an effective role in reducing their mental health. Based on this, the implementation of a comparative study in the elderly with high performance and control of physical disabilities will clarify the role of living in a nursing home in the state of mental health of the elderly, which is addressed in the present study. Also, some studies indicate that the stay of the elderly in the nursing home is associated with the feeling of exclusion and their feeling of loneliness plays an effective role. Also, the research showed that the elderly living in the nursing home experienced a feeling of insecurity and rejection and described their transition from home to the nursing home as painful; In other words, living in a nursing home can have an effective role in reducing the mental health of the elderly. Elderly people who have a high level of rejection feel that they are of no use to themselves and those around them and cannot be effective; Also, the results of this study showed that the feeling of rejection, due to its high relationship with social incompetence, has an effective role in increasing depression symptoms in these elderly people; Based on this, it can be concluded that living in a nursing home, rejection and depression are closely related. In this regard, the results of some studies show that the elderly living in nursing homes have far more symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress and report less satisfaction with life. Nowadays, due to the increase in the number of elderly people and the shrinking of families, caring for the elderly is a very important issue, and detailed and comprehensive programs for the care of this sensitive age group should be provided by conducting field research and formulating detailed care policies. Compared to younger people, older people with depression usually have multiple co-occurring medical and cognitive disorders, and depression that occurs in older patients is often underdiagnosed or undertreated. Also, previous studies have shown that inactivity and disability are factors affecting the feeling of exclusion of the elderly; which, if accompanied by family rejection, can lead to an increase in psychological distress in the elderly. Considering the importance of this topic, the present study compared the perception of rejection and depression symptoms in elderly people living in nursing homes and resident at home. Methods: The current research was descriptive and based on causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of elderly people in Rasht city in 2020 who were living in nursing homes or living with their families. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software. From each group, 120 elderly people participated in a targeted manner and answered the Perceived Rejection Scale: PRS and the Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS-15. For both groups, the age gap is between 65 and 90 years, having minimum physical health to communicate and answer the questions of the questionnaire, not suffering from cognitive impairment diseases such as (Alzheimer, stroke and dementia), not being engaged in economic activity. And retirement from governmental and nongovernmental institutions and having informed consent and willingness to participate in the research were considered as entry criteria. Also, failure to answer at least 10% of the questionnaire questions, fatigue and unwillingness to complete the questionnaire were considered as exit criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 statistical software and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the perception of rejection (F = 14.25, P = 0.001) and depressive syndrome (F = 17.280, P = 0.001) in the elderly living in nursing homes were significantly higher than the elderly were in the control group (P <0.001). Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the perception of rejection and depression symptoms in elderly people living in nursing homes is more than that of elderly people living at home; But this difference cannot be attributed to the presence of the elderly in the nursing home. But in general, it can be concluded that elderly people living in nursing homes are more in need of appropriate interventions and educational programs to reduce the feeling of rejection and depression symptoms than the elderly people living at home. Therefore, it is suggested to provide educational and therapeutic programs to improve the psychological condition of these elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The coronavirus 2019 first spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and became a global epidemic in just two months, according to the World Health Organization. As of March 23, 2020, the unknown virus has spread rapidly worldwide, infecting more than 187 countries and killing a significant number of people worldwide. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease characterized by the main symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. With the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent changes such as the closure of high-risk jobs and the implementation of emergency public health measures and home quarantine, social and economic relations and the way people lived were severely affected. During the spread of the virus, strict measures such as social distancing and mask-wearing were taken to control the spread of the disease in different parts of the world. One of the measures taken to curb COVID-19 was establishing home quarantine, which in turn can have a variety of consequences, including increased anxiety and stress. Patients with or suspected of COVID-19 are often afraid of the aftermath of the deadly virus, such as long-term health effects or death. People in quarantine may also experience fatigue, loneliness, depression, and anger. Additionally, common symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, body aches, loss of taste and smell, hypoxia, cough, and dry throat can increase COVID-19 anxiety in patients, which may cause psychological distress. High levels of fatigue and anxiety resulting from quarantine conditions significantly increase the need for extreme care, but due to the unknown nature of coronavirus 2019 and the lack of definitive treatment, individuals may have difficulty responding to this need. This intensifies fear, anxiety, and depression in people. Another variable that can be associated with pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, is coping styles and types of symptoms in high-stress patients. Since the beginning of the COVID19 epidemic, there has been a wave of stress and anxiety, first among Chinese citizens and then around the world. People must use appropriate and effective coping strategies to control and reduce the stress caused by these conditions. Overall, COVID-19 anxiety, specifically health anxiety, can lead to cognitive errors, threat-related distortion, immunosuppressive behaviors, and destructive behaviors in healthy individuals who develop high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare psychological distress and coping styles in students with different levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included undergraduate, graduate, and Ph.D. students of the University of Tehran, Iran, in the second semester of 2020-2021. In the present study, 200 students (100 students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety and 100 students with low levels of COVID-19 anxiety) participated in the study through an online survey conducted via WhatsApp and Instagram. Inclusion criteria included belonging to the research community, having internet access, being between 18 and 30 years of age, and reporting personal satisfaction with their current living situation. The omission of questions was also considered as a criterion for leaving the research. Due to the epidemic of COVID-19, the closure of universities and educational institutions, and to prevent the spread of COVID-19, samples of this study were collected online. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory, psychological distress, and coping styles and then grouped. To identify students with COVID-19 anxiety, 338 questionnaires were distributed among the participants. Individuals who obtained a standard deviation above the mean COVID-19 anxiety scale were included in the analysis as a group with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Finally, data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate variance with SPSS software version 24. It should be noted that in the present study, ethical considerations based on Helsinki ethics were observed. Results: The results of the Eta squared analysis show that the difference between the two groups in the studied variables is significant, with an Eta squared value of 0.71. This means that 71% of the variance related to the difference between the two groups is due to the interaction of COVID-19 anxiety and the studied variables. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that stress (68.55), anxiety (79.77), depression (94.17), Emotion-oriented Coping (98.81), Problem-oriented Coping (102.74), and Avoidanceoriented coping (114/48) were all significant at the level of 0.01. These findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups in these variables (P<0.01). This means that students with different levels of COVID-19 anxiety differ in their use of psychological distress and coping styles. Specifically, students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety had higher levels of psychological distress, emotion-oriented coping, and avoidance-oriented coping than students with low COVID-19 anxiety. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that students with high levels of COVID19 anxiety have more depression, anxiety, and stress than other students. As a result, students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety may become more sensitive to physical signs and symptoms, which can lead to increased levels of COVID-19 anxiety. On the other hand, the results of this study indicate that people with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety are less inclined to use problem-solving coping styles and are more likely to use emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles. However, problem-solving coping styles can further reduce the harms of experiencing COVID-19 and the stress that results from it. Although stressors play an important role in exacerbating chronic and pandemic diseases, it should be borne in mind that how people deal with stressful situations plays an important role in their health. Therefore, psychologists and counselors need to pay more attention to these areas to reduce the severity of anxiety in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim It is suggested that hearing impaired children with hearing aids and cochlear implant, showed poor pragmatic abilities. Pragmatic is the most related language component to social interaction. Further, it has effect on personality development and self-esteem. The main aim of the present study is investigating the relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in hearing impaired children. Methods & Materialssixty hearing impaired children with hearing aids or cochlear implant were included into this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then parents or other caregivers were asked to fulfill children’s communication checklist (CCC) and self-esteem questionnaire. The participants were divided into three groups based on hearing impairment severity, including: severe, moderate and mild. The relationship between pragmatic ability and self-esteem was examined in three groups and without considering categorization, by Pearson correlation coefficient, significant level was 0.05. Ethical Considerations This project was approved by the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.150). Results The results illustrated that there is significant relationship between pragmatic abilities and selfesteem in all hearing impairment children without considering categorization (P<0.05). By considering categorization, significant relationship was showed in self-esteem and pragmatic abilities in moderate and mild groups (P<0.05). Conclusion According to our analysis, pragmatic abilities and self-esteem are related. This relationship is more obvious in low severity impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental pressure caused by having a deaf child has tremendous effects on mothers. This pressure leads to psychological distress and parenting stress for mothers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment on the psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers with deaf children. The current research was a semi-experimental type with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population was all mothers with deaf children in Tehran. Among these mothers, 30 mothers were selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups equally. The instrument of this study was the scale of psychological distress and stress of the overbearing child. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 8 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitmentbased therapy (Bond et al., 2011), which were implemented as a group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment has led to the reduction of psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers (p<0.05). Based on the obtained results, the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment is effective in reducing psychological distress and reducing parenting stress. The results of this study can be effective in helping to reduce the psychological problems of families with deaf children and thus reducing the mental health costs of these families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain as a multifaceted phenomenon is associated with great psychological, social and physical suffering and reduces the performance of the individual in society. Among these, Migraine headaches are one of the most common types of pain and the main reason for seeing a doctor. Aims: There has been a lot of research on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on migraine headaches with the experience of psychological distress. However, there is a research gap in the field of the psychological effect of these treatments on psychological distress and their comparison in the statistical population of this research. Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental with a three-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all patients with migraine headaches referred to the Neurology Clinic of Mashhad in the first half of 2020. After determining the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the research and the initial pre-test, 45 eligible individuals were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). In order to do this, data collection from the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1998) questionnaires was used. Data were analyzed by variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: According to the results, both cognitive-behavioral therapy (p

Introduction: One of the manifestations of violence against women is spousal abuse. Due to patriarchy in Iranian societies, spousal abuse is mainly applied by men and against women in various forms. Aim: The present study aimed to develop a model of experiencing spousal violence in women based on personality traits with a mediating role of psychological distress. Method: The present study is an applied-fundamental research in terms of aim and a descriptive, structural equations type research in terms of implementation. The study population consisted of all women referring to divorce counseling, welfare, social emergency and counseling centers in Sanandaj in 2021. Among them, 400 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The research instruments included the Spousal Abuse, Dark Personality Traits, Alexithymia and Psychological Distress questionnaires. SPSS-25 and SmartPLS-3.2.8 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that dark personality traits (β=0.351), alexithymia (β=0.168) and psychological distress (β=0.470) have direct and positive (p

Introduction: Depressive disorder is associated with various consequences such as psychological distress and social isolation, whichtheir removing is of importance. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of social-emotional skills training on psychological disturbance and social isolation in adolescents with depressive symptoms by modulating coping styles. Method: This research is a semi-experimental type. Its statistical population was formed by male students suffering from depression disorder in Baneh city with an age range of 16-18 years in 2020. 30 students were targeted and screening method selected as a statistical sample based on the results of the Lazarus and Folkman coping styles scale and divided into two groups of 15 people (excitement-oriented and problem-oriented) were divided. The questionnaires used in this research included Beck Depression Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire and Social Isolation Questionnaire. SPSS version 20 software and multivariate covariance analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results of data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that social-emotional skills training was effective in improving psychological disturbance and social isolation. Also, coping styles moderate the effect of social-emotional skills training in psychological disturbance and signs of social isolation (P

Introduction: Diseases such as high blood pressure with comorbid psychological problems can make it difficult to manage and control. People with this disease are likely to experience comorbid stresses. Aim: The aim of the present study was the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic treatment on psychological distress and alexithymia in people with hypertension with comorbid stress. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental type with a control group. 40 patients with high blood pressure with co-occurring stress were selected from health centers of Aliguderz city in 2021 through convenience sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 people) and the control group (20 people). They completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21, 1995) and the Toronto Ataxia Scale (1994) in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received the unified metadiagnostic treatment protocol for 12 sessions of 60 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS-18 and through multivariate analysis of covariance test. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that unifield transdiagnostic treatment significantly effective in improvement alexithymia (F=56.24, P

Background and Aim: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral and emotion-focused group therapy on reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, psychological distress and perception of body image. Methods: This was a semi-experimental research of pretest posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all patients who were diagnosed with psoriasis in spring of 2022 by referring to dermatologists in Mashhad. 45 psoriasis patients were selected by available sampling method and replaced randomly in two experimental groups (CBT and EFT) and control group (each groups 15). The experimental groups was treated for 8 sessions, one session of 90 minutes per week. The control group received no intervention. Parents completed the Psychological Distress Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory and the Physical Symptoms Questionnaire with Psoriasis Area Severity Index before and after the treatment sessions. The data were analyzed by Analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral and emotion-focused reduced psychological distress (P<0.01, F=21.06), improved perception of body image (P<0.01, F=33.65) and reducing the severity of psoriasis symptoms (P>0.01, F=12.67) are effective. Also, cognitive behavioral therapy is more effective method to reduce psychological distress and improve perception of body image (P<0.01). However, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotionfocused therapy in reducing psoriasis symptoms of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both therapies can play a key and effective role in controlling the symptoms of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: : Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a large family of viruses that may cause respiratory infections from colds to more severe diseases such as MERS and Sars. Recently, this virus has been named Covid-19. contextual factors surrounding covid-19; including ease of transmission, lack of immunity among the global population, delayed testing, limited medical equipment, and uncertainty of the path of the pandemic; There is a level of public anxiety that shows the importance of investigating the issue. Research has reported a relationship between well-being and more effective coping strategies. Currently, psychological conceptualizations of unhealthy coping preferences often focus on individual coping strategies that are conceptualized as illness or part of the illness, for example, eating disorders, substance use disorders, self-harm, suicide, rather than biological causes. Psychological distress, antecedents of unhealthy coping strategies, and total coping strategies. Understanding the relationship between coping strategies and overwhelming distress is essential to inform diagnosis and the best targets for interventions. While healthy and unhealthy conceptualizations of coping strategies are empirically supported, to date there has been no assessment of the continuum of coping, implying that the use of coping preferences varies depending on the level of distress and relationship. According to healthy coping theory, people use unhealthy coping strategies when they feel better about a difficult situation, even if they risk other negative consequences to feel better, but this does not happen. between healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. The high individual morbidity and mortality and societal costs associated with the chronic use of unhealthy coping preferences highlight the need to understand better their relationship to overwhelming distress and healthy coping strategies. In the new theory of stress, coping skill is a major composite function that is often used due to individual differences in response to stress. Coping skills are also affected by homelessness and the special conditions of street children and adolescents for several reasons. Since the level of mental health among humans has been significantly reduced during the covid-19 epidemic and has been taken into consideration. High prevalence rates of depression, sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been reported at the peak of the disease outbreak in China; Symptoms of psychological distress are expected to be long-lasting and warrant the need for evidence-based psychological treatments aimed at immediate stress relief and prevention of psychological distress in this population. Research Background Cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment and prevention of several stress-related disorders in the human population. Among the treatments that can be effective for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological events after an unexpected event is a cognitivebehavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is one of the most widely used methods and one of the most important choices in the field of psychological treatment of this disorder, which has wide applications. This treatment consists of four components: exposure, prevention of response, and connection between events and thoughts. It uses maladaptive thoughts to improve cognition, emotion, and behavior by changing cognition. According to the mentioned materials, this research has addressed the question of whether cognitive behavioral therapy affects the resilience and preference of coping actions of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic (COVID-19) at the height of the epidemic. Methods: This research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of this research included all recovered patients of the Corona pandemic at the peak of the epidemic in Isfahan, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After the pre-test, the experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy program for 12 sessions, and then the post-test was performed. The data required for the research were collected using the scale of preference for confrontational actions by Carver, Shier, and Weintraub (1989). The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance) with the help of SPSS-20 software. Results: The findings showed that cognitive behavioral therapy led to an increase in problemoriented confrontational preference and a decrease in emotion-oriented and avoidance confrontational preference in the members of the experimental group had a significant effect (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy can be considered an effective treatment in reducing the problems and psychological indicators of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic. This research finding can be explained that in cognitive behavioral therapy, tasks such as functional analysis, skill training, and dealing with impulsive desire are presented to people, which creates a feeling of mastery and empowerment in people, and is effective in improving the person's coping preference. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, people learn that they should not ignore problems and should accept problems and act to solve them. They learn to follow clear policies and try to see the bright side of things and control their emotions. In this way, they learn to take advantage of the guidance of others, but not to interfere with their problems, instead of just seeking support from others. This method teaches people to have a plan for their life (and especially their recovery). This research, like other research, has limitations such as the impossibility of holding face-to-face meetings (due to the corona situation) and the limitations related to the participation of both sexes in the interventions (the training was conducted only among female patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic). It comes with It is also suggested that in future research, the influence of other factors involved in the psychological problems of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic should be controlled during training. Also, according to the results of this study and the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy, it is suggested to conduct long-term follow-up in a larger sample in future research to evaluate the stability of the results, and also to implement educational and therapeutic courses based on cognitive therapy for patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Covid-19 patients perceive a lot of stress and suffer from psychological symptoms including depression, stress and anxiety. Because these patients are required to comply with quarantine conditions, remote training can be used for these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way on the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, the research population was all the patients with Covid-19 referred to the Dr.Garazi hospital in Isfahan city in the winter of 1400. 70 people were selected by available sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups (35 people) by limited randomization method. For the intervention group, remote training program on stress management was implemented in five sessions of 60 minutes in two weeks. The control group did not receive training. Psychological symptoms were measured before and after the training sessions using the DASS-21 questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS21 software and at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and by performing chi-square tests, analysis of variance, independent and paired ttest, and analysis of covariance. Results: Remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way has had a significant effect on all dimensions of psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients in the intervention group and has reduced them in the intervention group. (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, this method of training can improve the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Considering the possibility of easy and comprehensive use of distance education, it is recommended to use this method of teaching patients in similar pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to codify the psychological empowerment package for parents and evaluate its effectiveness on the psychological distress of students with ineffective parent-child interaction. The research method is practical and the study was analyzed thematically by a comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimentally with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population included the students with ineffective parent-child interaction in Tehran city in 2019-2020, who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (each group consisted of 20 individuals). Parents of students in the experimental group received ten sessions of the psychological empowerment package. 4 individuals in the experimental group and 3 in the control group terminated their participation in the study. The questionnaires used in this study included the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) and the Psychological Distress Questionnaire (PDQ). The data of the study were analyzed using the mixed ANOVA method. The results showed that the psychological empowerment package had adequate content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Moreover, this package had an impact on the psychological distress of students with ineffective parent-child interaction (F=39.22; Eta=0.54; P

Background: The research has shown that the psychological distress is an important risk factor in pathogenesis of the functional dyspepsia. It severely affects the quality of patients’ life regarding psychological processes in the field of pain and visceral stimuli. However, there is a lack of structural models among the literature for predicting the quality of life based on psychological distress considering the effect of mediating roles of pain self-efficacy, visceral sensitivity, pain-related mental imagery, and pain catastrophizing. Aims: The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between the psychological distress and the quality of life in functional dyspepsia considering the effect of the mediating roles of pain self-efficacy, visceral sensitivity, pain-related mental imagery, and pain catastrophizing. Methods: The method used in this research is the model of “correlation of structural equation modeling”. The statistical population of the model consists of 363 patients with functional dyspepsia who referred to gastrointestinal clinics in Isfahan selected using the “convenience sampling method”. Nepean dyspepsia index (Talley et al., 1999), depression, anxiety and stress scale (Sahebi et al., 2005), chronic pain self-efficacy questionnaire (Besharat, 1387), short form -McGill pain questionnaire (Kachooei et al., 1394), visceral sensitivity index (Pourtavakoli et al., 1397) and pain catastrophizing scale (Sajjadian et al., 1391) are used to acquire data. The data are analyzed using the developed structural equation model and the smart-PLS software. Results: The results obtained by the developed model shows a strong overall fit (GOF= 0.857) and the general structure of the tested relationships is confirmed by the obtained data (NFI= 0.907 and SRMR= 0.056). All indirect coefficients in the model are considered as significant with t≥ 1.96 and p≤ 0.05. Also, all direct coefficients are significant excepts the direct effect between the quality of life and both the visceral sensitivity and the pain self-efficacy with t≥ 1.96 and p≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The results of the present research demonstrate that the quality of life has significant relations to the psychological distress through pain self-efficacy, visceral sensitivity, pain-related mental imagery, and pain catastrophizing. The findings of this model help to understand the effect of psychological distress on the quality of life of patients with functional dyspepsia and considering these relationships can be of great importance in the etiology and treatment of patients.

Background & aim: Domestic violence has been one of the most common social harms throughout human history, and due to its widespread effect, the pathology and treatment of this phenomenon has always been the focus of therapists. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress and immunoglobulin A concentration in women victims of domestic violence. Methods: The present semi-experimental study conducted in 2019 used a pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population included women who were victims of domestic violence referring to the Family Court, Health House, Warm House and Counseling Centers in Alborz, Karaj Province, and 40 people were randomly selected from among these people by available sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by domestic violence questionnaire, psychological distress and immunoglobulin concentration level test in three stages and one-month follow-up for both groups. In the experimental group, the cognitive-behavioral protocol focused on trauma was implemented during 8 sessions (one 90-minute session per week). The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis. Results: The findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy focused on trauma between the two groups for the components of depression F=35.62 at the 0.001 level, anxiety F=32.38 at the level of 0.001, and stress F=25.96 at the 0.001 level. The level of 0.001 psychological distress has created a significant difference at the level of 0.001, F = 11.85. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be acknowledged that the revised protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on trauma reduces psychological distress and increases immunoglobulin A in women who are victims of domestic violence.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-silencing components in the relationship between self-criticism and rejection sensitivity with the psychological distress of female students. The research sample was 381 female students from the Salman Farsi University of Kazerun who participated in this study virtually by responding to the questionnaire link. This link is a set of items related to the four questionnaires: Levels of self-criticism (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004), Sensitivity to Rejection Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), Silencing the Self Scale (Jack & Dill, 1992), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The results of the analysis performed using the structural equation modeling in AMOS-22 software showed that the levels of self-criticism and sensitivity to rejection, in addition to direct effects on various aspects of students' psychological distress, also affected the extent of their psychological distresses indirectly by mediating to two components of self-silencing: externalized self-perception and divided-self. The findings of this study especially emphasize the importance of the mediating role of two components of self-silencing (externalized self-perception and divided-self) in the effect of sensitivity to rejection and self-criticism of young girls on their psychological distress.

The aim of this study was to "designing and developing a model of psychological and social consequences of Covid19 anxiety pandemic and to identify mediating role of sense of cohesion in nurses of Tehran hospitals”.This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of nature and method of data collection was descriptive-correlative research based on structural equation. The statistical population of this study included nurses working in coronavirus department of Tehran hospitals in 2021. The statistical sample was 384 cases that selected based on cluster sampling method. The research tools included Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire (2002), Pierce et al.'s (1991) interpersonal relationship, Antonovsky al.'s (1987) self-cohesion and dortaj al.'s (2021) coronavirus anxiety. Descriptive indicators and structural equation were used to data analysis.Findings showed that sense of cohesion had a mediating role in the causal relationship between coronavirus pandemic anxiety and psychological distress and interpersonal relations of nurses.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that focusing on interventions based on improving the sense of cohesion can be an appropriate tool to alleviate anxiety caused by the spread of coronavirus pandemic among nurses and psychologists and governors must pay attention to this important practical factor.