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In this essay, I want to address two main aspects of the arguably central topic of Kant's treatise on Enlightenment, namely maturity: these concern the notion of the freedom of thought (Section I) and the idea of emancipation that is conveyed by maturity, the fact that it involves a process of growing up to become a citizen (Section II). Freedom of thought denotes the idea of self-agency which all human beings possess in principle whereas emancipation points to the fact that maturity is something that is not a matter of course, neither in individual cases nor for society at large. Maturity is not a natural disposition that one either possesses or not but must be developed. This means that not all human beings are de facto mature always, everywhere and all of the time. That this situation is not something that is in principle unalterable can be demonstrated by way of assessing Kant's apparent views on women's presumable minority 'according to sex'.

Introduction: Marriage satisfaction is one of the main determinants of the quality of life of each person, and marital satisfaction can predict the stability and instability of a relationship. Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of marital satisfaction based on marital expectations, emotional maturity and aspects of love by mediating marital conflicts in married women. Methods: The descriptive data collection method was correlational. The current study's statistical population was comprised of all married women who referred to the community centers of Tehran in 1401, and 550 by the available sampling method people were selected from among them. In this research, Enrich's (1998) marital satisfaction tools, Miller and Tedder's (2011) expectations from married life, Singh and Bhargava's (1991) emotional maturity, Barati, and Sanai Zaker's (1375) marital conflicts, and Sternberg's love triangle (1989) were used. Structural equation modeling method and SPSS and PLS software were used for data analysis. Results: The findings of the research showed that marital expectations and emotional maturity and dimensions of love had a significant effect on marital satisfaction directly and indirectly due to marital conflicts (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, marital satisfaction is influenced by marital expectations, emotional maturity, and aspects of lovemaking. It is suggested to researchers and therapists to examine marital expectations, emotional maturity and the dimensions of love and subsequent marital conflicts in preventing and planning treatment for couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, social networks have attracted the attention of various segments of society, including women, as a source of health information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of using social networks on women’s awareness of thier physical health. Method: In terms of purpose, this research was practical research and in terms of nature, it was descriptive-explanatory research, which was conducted as an online survey on the Instagram social network. The statistical population for this study included the Iranian female Instagram users aged 20 to 60 who were the members of the selected Instagram pages in the field of women’s physical health, approximately 22,800 people. A sample size of 384 people was included in the research by the available sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which had already been confirmed. Findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods by SPSS software version 21. Finding: Making use of health social networks has a significant positive impact on women’s consciousness of their physical health and all its dimensions, including puberty health, malnutrition and obesity, care during pregnancy and post-pregnancy care,and women’s diseases and cancers. Discussion: The effective use of social networks in the field of women’s physical health should become a health discourse in the society because one of its important consequences for women is increasing the potential ability to make informed decisions during illness, reducing healththreatening risks, increasing disease prevention, increasing the quality of life, and increasing the quality of self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this paper, a new comprehensive model has been developed to guide organizations regarding the establishment of a productivity management system with all essential elements and relations. Using the knowledge available in the literature and expert views, this research has tried to propose an evaluation scheme to measure the maturity of the system in Iranian organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is typically an applied-developmental research as it introduces a framework for the assessment of productivity management systems in Iranian companies (developmental) and also attempts to offer a method for solving or simplification the complex, chronic problem of productivity in Iranian businesses (applied). From another perspective, the current research should be regarded as a qualitative research approach that seeks to describe and explain the phenomenon of productivity management system maturity based on an analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. The main strategy adopted in identifying conceptual elements concerning the productivity management system has been encoding. The primary signs of conceptual elements have been identified with a systematic search of databases containing scientific documents and reports on one hand and during interviews with experts on the other. The main concepts and categories about the topic have been extracted through a combination of homogeneous signs. Findings: Four categories were identified in the encoding process (labelled as four modules of the productivity management system) and 18 concepts underlying such categories were included within the four modules. Then, 76 signs were extracted from the analysis of documents and interviews as peripheral aspects or features expected from the corresponding elements. Accordingly, the first step in the establishment of a productivity management system in an organization was to provide the infrastructures required for the managerial subsystem. Next, the main processes of productivity needed to be activated based on the available or generated infrastructures. In the third step, the appropriate measures had to be taken to guarantee the sustainability of the subsystem and ensure its constant growth and development. Finally, the impacts of the establishment of the productivity management system were expected to be evaluated to indicate the extent to which the attempts made have helped to meet the various needs of different groups of extra-organizational beneficiaries (including environmental activists and local community members). Social implications: Constant enhancement of productivity as one of the most significant aims of any organization, requires the establishment of a series of factors and elements that make up an organization’s productivity biome, all the aspects and layers of which need to be shaped correctly. Such a requirement can be operationalized in an organization only through the establishment of a comprehensive productivity management system, a managerial system that has not been considered accurately and practically so far in the rich literature review concerning the subject of productivity. This study was conducted to eliminate this research and administrative gap and plotted the conceptual map of such a structure through the extraction of signs of the conceptual elements concerning the managerial system using scientific documents and interviews with experts. By developing organizations that perform their activities more productively, they are more successful in achieving their goals. Therefore, people will also benefit from the performance of this productive organization and will be more satisfied. Originality/value: This study has proposed a conceptual map for productivity management systems through the extraction of signs of the conceptual elements concerning the managerial system using scientific resources and interviews with experts. It has also proposed a comprehensive model showing how the productivity management system could be established in an Iranian organization using procedural documents such as the administrative guidance developed by the National Productivity Organization. The validity of the model (referred to as i-MAPS) was confirmed through the formulation and administration of the evaluation logic for the measurement of the maturity of the system and its pilot implementation in some private and public organizations in Yazd Province. The maturity of an organization in the establishment and utilization of the productivity management system can be analyzed using the developed model. Besides, the measures can be taken based on instructions extracted from the model contents to increase the organization’s success in the roadmap and to overcome probable challenges and obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to design a model for measuring the level of maturity of business intelligence in electronic businesses, specifically for Internet Service Provider (ISP) companies. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological approach. A total of 10 specialists, experts, and managers from electronic businesses involved in providing Internet services are selected as participants using the maximal differentiation method. Data are collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The findings are classified into five levels of business intelligence maturity (Level 1: Primary maturity, Level 2: Repeatable maturity, Level 3: Defined maturity, Level 4: Managed maturity, Level 5: Optimized maturity) using the Delphi technique. Subsequently, a model consisting of 33 dimensions and 232 indicators is designed based on the relevant literature and the researcher's viewpoint, with confirmation from experts. Finally, the model is validated using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software.IntroductionDue to the fact that businesses face numerous challenges, such as the need for increased responsiveness and transparency towards customers, the growing number of tasks and organizational activities, and rapid technological changes, they require mechanisms capable of real-time data analysis and integration. Business intelligence serves as one of these mechanisms. Additionally, businesses need to assess and evaluate their current performance, compare their existing processes, tools, and methods with the best practices, and measure indicators of predictability, control, and effectiveness to effectively implement business intelligence. Therefore, they require a model to gauge the maturity level of business intelligence within their organization. Consequently, the objective of this research is to present a model for measuring the maturity level of business intelligence in electronic businesses.Materials and MethodsSince the researcher aims to extract the components of business intelligence maturity based on people's mentalities and experiences, the phenomenological method, specifically Colaizzi's method, was employed. To achieve this, 10 experts from Internet service provider companies were interviewed and selected using the maximal differentiation sampling method. The analysis of these interviews resulted in the extraction of 277 significant codes. Given the research's focus on measuring the maturity level of business intelligence, 40 experts were then asked to classify the obtained concepts into five levels of business intelligence maturity (Level 1: Primary maturity, Level 2: Repeatable maturity, Level 3: Defined maturity, Level 4: Managed maturity, Level 5: Optimized maturity) using the Delphi technique and snowball sampling method. After three rounds of Delphi, 232 codes remained out of the initial total of 277 codes. These 232 indicators were then categorized into 33 dimensions based on the definitions, functions of business intelligence, and the perceived concepts of each indicator. Subsequently, the researcher designed a measurement model for the maturity level of business intelligence in electronic businesses specifically tailored for Internet service providers. Finally, the designed model was validated through confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software.Discussion and ResultsThis research has developed a model that enables companies, especially Internet service providers, to assess their current business state and their progress towards their goals. The model facilitates the decision-making process for e-business managers. With 5 levels, 33 dimensions, and 232 indicators encompassing technical, managerial, and human aspects, the model effectively enhances business capabilities and establishes a foundation for improving and advancing the level of maturity within the business. It is important to note that the model's Level 1 (Primary maturity) includes one dimension titled "reporting" with five indicators. Level 2 (Repeatable maturity) comprises five dimensions: advertising (eight indicators), management and performance evaluation (seven indicators), control (three indicators), documentation (five indicators), and automation (two indicators). Level 3 (Defined maturity) consists of six dimensions: access level (four indicators), customer orientation (16 indicators), process management (eight indicators), standardization of processes (10 indicators), improvement of information quality (five indicators), and improvement of service level (28 indicators). Level 4 (Managed maturity) encompasses 13 dimensions: assessment and analysis skills (14 indicators), business development and organizational processes (nine indicators), organizational management (12 indicators), organizational training (nine indicators), human resource management (16 indicators), organizational value (five indicators), security (two indicators), support (five indicators), business strategies (three indicators), management and development of essentials (11 indicators), business performance management (five indicators), policy making (four indicators), and cost-benefit (two indicators). Lastly, Level 5 (Optimized maturity) includes eight dimensions: predictive analysis (six indicators), dashboard (two indicators), knowledge management (six indicators), innovation (four indicators), competitive advantage (six indicators), technology development (four indicators), expansion of investment (three indicators), and data mining (three indicators).ConclusionsThis research has designed a model to facilitate the decision-making process of e-business managers, particularly those in Internet service providers. The model enables companies to assess their current business state and their progress towards their goals. The model encompasses 5 levels, 33 dimensions, and 232 different indicators, taking into account technical, managerial, and human aspects. With this comprehensive approach, the model has the potential to enhance business capabilities and establish a solid groundwork for improving and advancing the maturity level of the business. Internet service provider companies not only gain an understanding of their business intelligence maturity level and have the opportunity to elevate it through long-term planning, but they also empower themselves to navigate future changes and meet evolving customer expectations. The business intelligence maturity model introduced in this study serves as a framework for continuous improvement in their business activities. It provides a foundation and context for controlling processes and facilitates the ongoing enhancement of their operations.This study aims to design a model for measuring the level of maturity of business intelligence in electronic businesses, specifically for Internet Service Provider (ISP) companies. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological approach. A total of 10 specialists, experts, and managers from electronic businesses involved in providing Internet services are selected as participants using the maximal differentiation method. Data are collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The findings are classified into five levels of business intelligence maturity (Level 1: Primary maturity, Level 2: Repeatable maturity, Level 3: Defined maturity, Level 4: Managed maturity, Level 5: Optimized maturity) using the Delphi technique. Subsequently, a model consisting of 33 dimensions and 232 indicators is designed based on the relevant literature and the researcher's viewpoint, with confirmation from experts. Finally, the model is validated using confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software.IntroductionDue to the fact that businesses face numerous challenges, such as the need for increased responsiveness and transparency towards customers, the growing number of tasks and organizational activities, and rapid technological changes, they require mechanisms capable of real-time data analysis and integration. Business intelligence serves as one of these mechanisms. Additionally, businesses need to assess and evaluate their current performance, compare their existing processes, tools, and methods with the best practices, and measure indicators of predictability, control, and effectiveness to effectively implement business intelligence. Therefore, they require a model to gauge the maturity level of business intelligence within their organization. Consequently, the objective of this research is to present a model for measuring the maturity level of business intelligence in electronic businesses.Materials and MethodsSince the researcher aims to extract the components of business intelligence maturity based on people's mentalities and experiences, the phenomenological method, specifically Colaizzi's method, was employed. To achieve this, 10 experts from Internet service provider companies were interviewed and selected using the maximal differentiation sampling method. The analysis of these interviews resulted in the extraction of 277 significant codes. Given the research's focus on measuring the maturity level of business intelligence, 40 experts were then asked to classify the obtained concepts into five levels of business intelligence maturity (Level 1: Primary maturity, Level 2: Repeatable maturity, Level 3: Defined maturity, Level 4: Managed maturity, Level 5: Optimized maturity) using the Delphi technique and snowball sampling method. After three rounds of Delphi, 232 codes remained out of the initial total of 277 codes. These 232 indicators were then categorized into 33 dimensions based on the definitions, functions of business intelligence, and the perceived concepts of each indicator. Subsequently, the researcher designed a measurement model for the maturity level of business intelligence in electronic businesses specifically tailored for Internet service providers. Finally, the designed model was validated through confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software.Discussion and ResultsThis research has developed a model that enables companies, especially Internet service providers, to assess their current business state and their progress towards their goals. The model facilitates the decision-making process for e-business managers. With 5 levels, 33 dimensions, and 232 indicators encompassing technical, managerial, and human aspects, the model effectively enhances business capabilities and establishes a foundation for improving and advancing the level of maturity within the business. It is important to note that the model's Level 1 (Primary maturity) includes one dimension titled "reporting" with five indicators. Level 2 (Repeatable maturity) comprises five dimensions: advertising (eight indicators), management and performance evaluation (seven indicators), control (three indicators), documentation (five indicators), and automation (two indicators). Level 3 (Defined maturity) consists of six dimensions: access level (four indicators), customer orientation (16 indicators), process management (eight indicators), standardization of processes (10 indicators), improvement of information quality (five indicators), and improvement of service level (28 indicators). Level 4 (Managed maturity) encompasses 13 dimensions: assessment and analysis skills (14 indicators), business development and organizational processes (nine indicators), organizational management (12 indicators), organizational training (nine indicators), human resource management (16 indicators), organizational value (five indicators), security (two indicators), support (five indicators), business strategies (three indicators), management and development of essentials (11 indicators), business performance management (five indicators), policy making (four indicators), and cost-benefit (two indicators). Lastly, Level 5 (Optimized maturity) includes eight dimensions: predictive analysis (six indicators), dashboard (two indicators), knowledge management (six indicators), innovation (four indicators), competitive advantage (six indicators), technology development (four indicators), expansion of investment (three indicators), and data mining (three indicators).ConclusionsThis research has designed a model to facilitate the decision-making process of e-business managers, particularly those in Internet service providers. The model enables companies to assess their current business state and their progress towards their goals. The model encompasses 5 levels, 33 dimensions, and 232 different indicators, taking into account technical, managerial, and human aspects. With this comprehensive approach, the model has the potential to enhance business capabilities and establish a solid groundwork for improving and advancing the maturity level of the business. Internet service provider companies not only gain an understanding of their business intelligence maturity level and have the opportunity to elevate it through long-term planning, but they also empower themselves to navigate future changes and meet evolving customer expectations. The business intelligence maturity model introduced in this study serves as a framework for continuous improvement in their business activities. It provides a foundation and context for controlling processes and facilitates the ongoing enhancement of their operations.

The maturity of business intelligence is a result of the evolution and advancement of technology and management approaches that help to provide accurate information, predictive analyzes and improve decisions in organizations using advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and data analysis. Despite technological maturity that improves the efficiency and performance of organizations over time, business intelligence is far from becoming a mainstream trend in organizations. According to numerous researches in the field of business intelligence, the aim of this research was to present the framework of factors affecting the maturity of business intelligence using a meta-composite approach. In order to reach a comprehensive framework that includes all the maturity factors of business intelligence, 221 scientific studies were reviewed. Relevant codes were extracted using content analysis in metacomposite method. The categories were leveled using the comprehensive interpretive structural modeling method and the most influential ones were determined. The findings show that a total of 93 codes were extracted and divided into 6 categories. These categories include organization and management factors, environment, technology infrastructure, human resources - knowledge, data management and data analysis. The categories of technology infrastructure, data management and data analysis were placed at level three and have the greatest impact on the maturity of business intelligence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the maturation time of rice husk compost and its effect on some substrate quality characteristics and growth indices of marigold flowers in greenhouse conditions. In this study, the time to produce complete compost was 90 days and sampling was done at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. The bulk density indices, C/N, EC, pH and elements N, P and K were measured to quantitatively compare the compost properties. The results showed that compared to the available standard values, 90-day rice husk compost (RHC90) has better quality characteristics and is more stable than 60-day rice husk compost (RHC60). To evaluate the maturity of RHC60 and RHC90 with control in marigold planting, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 different substrates and 6 replications. The substrate consistsed of soil, sand and perlite and organic matter in equal proportions and control without organic matter. RHC60 substrate treatment showed the highest results on Marigold characteristics including leaf area, number of leaves, stem length, root volume and plant dry and wet weight, while RHC90 treatment responded better for chlorophyll, mean leaf diameter and flower head diameter. RHC90 treatment showed better yield in the plant and is therefore recommended as marigold substrate. RHC60 treatment is recommended in landscapes by considering its effects on reducing the production time and increasing yield and economic efficiency and also the appearance of flowers and the need for landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the geochemical properties of potential source rocks in the eastern Caspian Basin from Alborz structural zone. For this purpose, sections of Suchelma and Purva in south of Neka and an outcrop in south of Sari were selected. The studied samples of sedimentary source rocks of the Paleocene age were analyzed based on Rock-Eval analysis method. The results of Rock- Eval pyrolysis and organic petrography results of probable source rock sediments in one of the exploration wells of Gorgan plain were also studied. According to the results, most of the outcrops samples are immature and were deposited in a regressive continental environment. The samples of exploration borehole studied, are good in terms of organic matter richness but in terms of the amount of kerogen maturation are immature. According to the results of this study, these samples have weak hydrocarbon generating power and total organic carbon content of about 1% as well as kerogen type III. It was also specified in the determination of organic facies that most of the mentioned samples show deep environmental conditions adjacent to orogenic and continental sites and are deposited in a regressive environment. Keywords: Source rock, Rock- Eval experiment, Maturity, Southern Caspian Basin, Hydrocarbon generation potential. Introduction The Caspian Sea region is well known for its abundant oil reserves and oil and gas production has played an important commercial role in the region for more than 150 years especially in Azerbaijan and to a lesser extent in Turkmenistan (Smith- Rouch 2006). Identification of hydrocarbon systems in the Caspian sedimentary basin is of great importance for exploratory studies and to achieve the production of hydrocarbon resources. One of the main pillars of any oil system is the source rock. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the source rock and determine its location in any system to avoid imposing exorbitant costs and unsuccessful excavations. The relatively low geothermal gradients (around 1.5°C 100m-1) from rapid burial provide favorable thermal conditions for the preservation of hydrocarbons at relatively great depths (up to10+ km) (Nadirov 1990). A petroleum source rock is defined as any rock that has the capability to generate and expel enough hydrocarbons to form an accumulation of oil or gas. Definitions that do not include migration and accumulation are too general, because in a sense practically all rocks contain organic matter (OM) form some hydrocarbons. A potential source rock is one that is too immature to generate petroleum in its natural setting but will form significant quantities of petroleum when heated in the laboratory or during deep burial (Hunt 1996). The main source- rocks in the south Caspian basin are considered to be Paleogene- Miocene deposits (Maykop/ Diatom) (Guliyev et al. 2001). Paleocene deposits in Iran are important for hydrocarbon reserves due to their organic matter as a source rock. Therefore, this study investigates the hydrocarbon generation potential of Paleocene sediments in the east of southern Caspian Basin. Materias and Methods Three outcrops in Mazandaran province were selected for this study. From each of Suchelma and Purva outcrops, six and seven samples, respectively, and from south of Sari two samples of potential source rock sediments of the Paleocene age were analyzed for Rock- Eval pyrolysis. The Rock- Eval pyrolysis and Organic Petrography results of eight samples of the Paleocene deposits in one of the exploration wells of Gorgan plain were also studied. The Rock- Eval pyrolysis method has been extensively used for oil and gas exploration in sedimentary basins over the world (Behar et al. 2001). Vitrinite reflectance is the most reliable maturity parameter for measuring thermal maturity of sedimentary organic matter (Tokatli et al. 2006). Discussion of Results and Conclusions According to the results, most of the outcrops samples harvested were poor in terms of total organic carbon content and in terms of kerogen maturity were before the oil window. Therefore, they are weak in terms of hydrocarbon generation potential. These samples contain kerogen type IV. Also in determining the organic facies, it was found that most of the sediments were deposited in a continental regressive environment. The well samples are good in terms of organic matter richness, immature in terms of the amount of kerogen maturation and weak in terms of hydrocarbon generation potential. The measurement results of vitrinite reflectance also confirmed that the borehole samples were immature. These samples contain kerogen type III. It was also specified in the determination of organic facies that most of the well samples show deep environmental conditions adjacent to orogenic sites and are deposited in a regressive environment

Children Criminal Rights seeks tocreate the necessary limitation for the fightagainst juvenile delinquency in order to achieve the corrent methods tomodify and treat the perpetrators under the age of 18.Accordingly, thereaction of the community to the crimes of childrenand adolescents shouldbe proportional tothese goals, which are clearly notablein the formulationofpunishments in Islamic Penal Code.According to this law, Hududisexecutable for children andadolescents, but it does not meanneglect of thepersonality and ageof the offenders. The findings of this article with thepurpose ofexamining the manner of issuance and enforcement of Hudud,indicatethat a review of the age ofcriminalresponsibility of children andadolescents based on existing jurisprudential sources is possible andrecommended, but in the current legal situation, on the one hand, features ofHudud such as criminal policy of ignoring crime, the difficulty of proving,the need to pay attention to the rule of dar, the process of rule of the Jeb andthe powers of governor in issuance and enforcement of Hudud and the lightrole of the plaintiff in the pursuit of these offenses; indicated that examplesof the implementation of Hudud were unique and, on the other hand, theverdict on those matters in according to the strict letter of the law, dependson the proof of growth and understanding of the nature and dignity of the actby the offense committed.Therefore, there is no conflict between thepunishment of persons under 18 years and the purposes of the new criminallaw.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between parenting styles with emotional maturity and Alexithymia by mediating educational compatibility among female students in Zanjan. Methods: The research method was correlational. The target population of all 1220 primary school students in district 2 of Zanjan in the academic year of 96-95 and their parents were among them, 200 of them were selected by Cochran method and simple random sampling. The data collection tools included the scale of Bamirand childbearing styles, affective Singing Maturity, Toronto's Alexithymia and Educational Adjustment of Sinha and Singh (1993). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests in linear method and also to determine the mediating role of Baron Kenney's 4-step method in SPSS version 22 software. Results: There was a significant relationship between easy parenting style with emotional insecurity, personality collapse as well as total emotional maturity, as well as between the authoritative parenting style and the difficulty in describing feelings (P

This research was designed and implemented to determine the effect of different irrigation regimes on the grain yield, dry matter, tiller number per unit area, degree of maturity, panicle harvest index, percentage of leaf rolling, day to 50% flowering, and the physiological maturity of rice genotypes, using a split plot randomized complete block design in two years (2014 and 2015). Four irrigation regimes (every 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of irrigation) were assigned to the main plots and 12 rice genotypes were in the subplots with three replications. The results showed that irrigation regimes, genotypes and interactive effects of these two factors had a significant impact on all measured traits at the 1% probability level. All genotypes tended to produce the most grain yield in the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval); genotype IR 81025-B-327-3, with 6555.10 kg ha-1 of grain yield, out-performed the remaining genotypes in this level of irrigation regime. Also, the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval) had the highest amount of dry matter, tiller number, degree of maturity, and panicle harvest index. Considering the positive and significant correlation between these traits and grain yield, their increase could be regarded as one of major reasons for the increase in the grain yield at the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval). The degree of maturity with day to 50% flowering and physiological maturity were decreased with increasing irrigation intervals; the latter modifications could be regarded as a defense mechanism to avoid drought

Psychoanalysts and psychologists of different schools have analyzed fairy tales for psychoanalytic purposes. Bruno Bettelheim, a Freudian thinker, seeks to show how fairy tales, using imaginary faces, shape the process of healthy human development and make the process of development interesting and acceptable for the child. The Limped Deer tale helps children figuratively to learn how to manage the two conflicting feelings of love and hatred toward their parents and to preserve the image of the loving parents. In the story, when children leave home, it means that self-care and individualism require leaving home. Running away from the demon is a symbol of the child's conceptualization of the dangers of adolescence as imaginatively disturbing creatures. Siblings are symbols of the need to assimilate conflicting human and animal tendencies within themselves to achieve real development. The whale swallowing the sister represents an unreal death to reach a higher existence. "Replacement", "adjustment and modernization of deep psychological conflicts", "individuality and identity independence", "psychological extraversion", "personality integration", "mental, psychological and social order", "the cultivation of the imagination" are all the most important functions which are extracted from the Limped Deer. Therefore, it is concluded that fairy tales can address the fundamental problems of the child's maturity process figuratively and resolve them in an imaginative and indirect way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agile management originally introduced in development of software projects in computer industry but it is applied in different non-software projects because of its success in managing projects. This approach contains some different tools and techniques for working with the dynamic and changeable environment of projects. According to the previous attempts, some investigators believed that the agile management is useful for construction projects and some others do not agree with this statement. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to identify the challenges of implementing the agile management in the building companies in Iran and the second one is to prepare a model for evaluating the level of the maturity of a company for implementing agile management. The field studies and distributing questionnaires will be applied for the first objective of this paper and for the next purpose, evaluating the maturity level of companies, the authors will use one of the multi-attribute decision making models named TOPSIS. The results show that the level of the maturity of companies should be surveyed separately in each company in three different parts including: engineering, procurement and construction. It means that the level of maturity in these phases is different.

Digital Library (DL) development is faced with many challenges which cannot be overcome all at once. In such cases which are so complex, maturity models are utilized. In a maturity model, features of a phenomenon are classified into few levels so that improving or realizing the features of each level is the prerequisite of going to the next level. DL can also be approached by maturity model more efficiently and effectively. Since the maturity model for DL has not been designed yet, first, a literature review of the DL and maturity models using a qualitative approach and meta-synthesis method was done. According to the findings of the literature review, the maturity characteristics of DL are proposed to be a basis for designing DL maturity model. Since the concept of maturity and DL is extensive and has several dimensions, meta-synthesis has been found as a suitable method for comprehensive integration of the models offered in other areas with the existing literature in the field of DL based on their interpretation. To do so, 68 papers (38 in the field of DL and 30 in the field of maturity models in various fields) were selected from the available resources. By analyzing these papers, three categories, seven concepts, and 35 codes obtained as DL maturity features. Among these findings, the focuses of previous studies have been on the use of software/ hardware systems as supporter and enabler of DL and the DL content. The found features, in addition to be a basis for designing of digital library model, can be a tool in the hands of project managers of DL for assessing the status of their projects and planning to achieve higher levels of maturity.

This study is aimed to investigate the relation of company life cycle with intangible assets relevance. In this research, first, intangible assets relevance has been investigated and then, the relevance of these assets is examined during each of the stages of firms' life, and finally, utilizing correlation analysis, multivariable regressions and Wald test the hypotheses are examined. The analysis of 25 firms during the period of 2004 to 2012 show that there is a positive and significant relation of book value of firm, abnormal earning and book value of intangible assets with the equity market value. Also the results show that among the life cycle stages of firm, the relevance of intangible assets is higher in maturity and decline stages.

In Iranian Civil Law. like in Islamic Jurisprudence, in addition to puberty, the maturity is necessary in order to have capacity for carrying out transaction. The age of puberty is defined in jurisprudence; however, there is no specific age of maturity. Before the revolution in Iran , Article 1210 of the Civil Code determined the age of 18 as a criterion for maturity. After the Islamic Revolution, this provision changed under the pretext of conformity of the Civil Code with Islamic Jurisprudence. The text of this provision regards the age of puberty as maturity. However, according to note 2, when the maturity can be proved, it is possible to give him his properties. This conflict has led to debate and controversy. In this paper, the" maturity "is considered from jurisprudence perspective and it is concluded: First, the maturity is merely necessary for the possession of financial affairs. Second, there is no consistency between amendments made to Art 1210 and the view of majority in Islamic jurisprudence. Jurists do not accept the"puberty" as a presumption of maturity. Third ,the maturity is a common concept and it can be proved conventionally. For the purpose of proving it , there is no need for the decision of court

Salaf contract as a kind of sale in Imami fiqh and Iranian law is subject to the specific rules furthermore general rules in contracts among necessity of delivery in the contract assembly and deterrence of sale of salaf goods before overdue. Commodity exchanges established this kind of sale, hence it is necessary to survey that rules and requirements in this markets which its delivery occur after minimum 3 days and the buyers going to sell their goods which bought by salaf contract. The survey of juridical and legal justifications and approaches offered by authors and suggestion of abstraction idea of securities from its underlying contracts is the subject matter of this article. Indeed the issuer of securities by the authority granted by the governmental supervisor make the credital properties and the buyers and the sellers exchange this properties while forgave the underlying contracts and relations; the same role which central banks perform in monetory market.

In addition to physical and chemical properties of citrus fruit, its quality depends on antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant enzymes. Flavonoids group, especially flavonoid glycosides are dominant in citrus, which prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In this experiment, the total flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, quercetin and catechin were measured in the mature and ripe fruits of six citrus varieties (Thomson, Siavaraz, Moro, Sanguinello, Tarocco and Page) by HPLC analysis. The results showed that all cultivars had high level of total flavonoid at the ripening stage. The amount of naringin was highest in 'Thomson' and 'Tarocco' (with 452.8 and 824.8 μgg-1 respectively) at maturity phase. Hesperidin accumulation was higher in blood oranges than blond varieties. The Sanguinello and Siavaraz had the highest value of neohesperidin especially in ripe fruits. The pulp of Tarocco had the highest level of catechin with 24.36 μgg-1 followed by Siavaraz with 10.6 μgg-1 at ripening stage. The Quercetin levels were higher in immature fruits selected from Thomson, Siavaraz and Tarocco varieties. Among the studied varieties, 'Tarocco' variety showed higher levels of flavonoid compounds at the ripened or mature stage.

This research was designed and implemented to determine the effect of different irrigation regimes on the grain yield, dry matter, tiller number per unit area, degree of maturity, panicle harvest index, percentage of leaf rolling, day to 50% flowering, and the physiological maturity of rice genotypes, using a split plot randomized complete block design in two years (2014 and 2015). Four irrigation regimes (every 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of irrigation) were assigned to the main plots and 12 rice genotypes were in the subplots with three replications. The results showed that irrigation regimes, genotypes and interactive effects of these two factors had a significant impact on all measured traits at the 1% probability level. All genotypes tended to produce the most grain yield in the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval); genotype IR 81025-B-327-3, with 6555.10 kg ha-1 of grain yield, out-performed the remaining genotypes in this level of irrigation regime. Also, the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval) had the highest amount of dry matter, tiller number, degree of maturity, and panicle harvest index. Considering the positive and significant correlation between these traits and grain yield, their increase could be regarded as one of major reasons for the increase in the grain yield at the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval). The degree of maturity with day to 50% flowering and physiological maturity were decreased with increasing irrigation intervals; the latter modifications could be regarded as a defense mechanism to avoid drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Growth spurt during adolescence, particularly the occurrence of menstruation in girls, increases their nutritional needs. The present study aimed at determining the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and Behavior of secondary school female students in the city of Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 second grade secondary students in Birjand in 2012 were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire which was completed by the students both before and one month after intervention. The obtained data was analyzed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics including chi-square, independent and paired t-tests, and ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05 using SPSS software (V:16). Results: Mean scores of nutritional knowledge in the intervention group after education increased from 21.35±4.57 to 26.66±4.4 (P>0.001) and their mean performance increased from 1.84±7.39 to 1.86±8.31 (P

Background and Objective: Cryptorchidism or undescending testis is a developmental defect and occurred in 2-4% of male newborns. This study was done to determine the pattern and risk factors of cryptorchidism in Gorgan, northern Iran. Methods: In this cohort study, 2851 male newborns were examined for cryptorchidism at the birth and follow up for one year after birth in Dezyani referral teaching hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during April 2010 - December 2011. Mother ethnicity, working in farmland, addiction, consanguinity, age, infant maturity and birth weight were recorded for each subject. Results: The rate of cryptorchidism was 18.9 per 1000 live birth. Bilateral and unilateral cryptorchidism was 11.7 and 7.1 per 1000, respectively. The rate of cryptorchidism in preterm newborns (30 per 1000) was significantly higher than the term (20 per 1000) and post term (11.4 per 1000) newborns (P

Digital Library (DL) development is faced with many challenges which cannot be overcome all at once. In such cases which are so complex, maturity models are utilized. In a maturity model, features of a phenomenon are classified into few levels so that improving or realizing the features of each level is the prerequisite of going to the next level. DL can also be approached by maturity model more efficiently and effectively. Since the maturity model for DL has not been designed yet, first, a literature review of the DL and maturity models using a qualitative approach and meta-synthesis method was done. According to the findings of the literature review, the maturity characteristics of DL are proposed to be a basis for designing DL maturity model. Since the concept of maturity and DL is extensive and has several dimensions, meta-synthesis has been found as a suitable method for comprehensive integration of the models offered in other areas with the existing literature in the field of DL based on their interpretation. To do so, 68 papers (38 in the field of DL and 30 in the field of maturity models in various fields) were selected from the available resources. By analyzing these papers, three categories, seven concepts, and 35 codes obtained as DL maturity features. Among these findings, the focuses of previous studies have been on the use of software/ hardware systems as supporter and enabler of DL and the DL content. The found features, in addition to be a basis for designing of digital library model, can be a tool in the hands of project managers of DL for assessing the status of their projects and planning to achieve higher levels of maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"nBackground: Tumor cells need food and oxygen supply for growth and division. Therefore one of the most promising areas of cancer therapy focuses on using agents that inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Inhibition of angiogenesis prevents cell growth, division and metastasis. Previous studies showed that plasminogen related Protein-B has an anti-tumor activity in mice. This protein has a high level of homology with preactivation Peptide (PAP) of human plasminogen. According to this high homology, antiangiogeneic activity of PAP was investigated in an in vitro angiogenesis model. "nMethods: PAP encoding region of human plasminogen gene was isolated by Polymerase Chain Reaction and ‎cloned in pGEX-2T vector. This plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein (GST-PAP). ‎GST-PAP was expressed as inclusion body and purified by affinity chromatography on GSH-sepharose ‎resin after refolding. antiangiogenic effects of purified protein were surveyed with Matrigel assay‏.‏‎ ‎ "nResults: The GST-PAP was expressed and purified and its accuracy was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis ‎and immunoblotting. Microscopic studies showed that GST-PAP inhibited angiogenesis in Matrigel system ‎which is shown by shrinking the length of capillary like structures and a decrease in the number of tubule. ‎While applying concentarations of 25μg/ml of GST-PAP and concentrations above that, antiangiogenic ‎activity of GST-PAP was significant comparing to the controls. ‎ "nConclusion: Finding shows that GST-PAP can inhibit network formation in Matrigel system. This findings ‎support the theory that PAP is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.‎

Marriage is one of the most important periods in a person's life. But to set A fixed age for marriage is a serious issue which is discussed in this article. The question is whether it is possible to have a minium fixed age for marriage. The majority of Theologians believe that the age of nine which is the age that puberty begins is a proper age for a girl to get married. Therefore this is the minium age set for marriage. Thus this is the time that marital status starts which is considered a major event in our lives. After studying the Theological sources and the differences of opinions, the author tries to reach a concensus regarding the proper age for marriage which would be compatible with Islamic laws. Taking into consideration the legal reasoning and the opinions of the knowledgeable, we come to the conclusion that the proper age for marriage is when a girl is physically and mentally mature enough to be conscious of the objectives of marriage. As there are individual differences among young girls, a certain age for marriage cannot be determined.

This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on phenology, morphology and yield of four cultivars of chickpea. This experiment was performed in a split-factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress treatment stood in main plots (in three levels) consisting of no drought stress (control), moderate drought stress (irrigation at planting and early flowering) and severe drought stress (no irrigation). Combination of nitrogen fertilizer (in two levels 0kg N/ha and 25kg N/ha) and cultivar treatment (four cultivars Azad, Bivanij, Hashem and ILC482) stood in sub plots. Results showed that drought stress had significant effect on phenology and morphological traits, biomass yield and grain yield. Increase of drought stress lead to reduce of growth period, plant height, biomass yield and grain yield. Among cultivar treatments, Bivanij had shorter phenological stages time as complete ripening and prepared of harvesting in 82 day in high water stress and had a highest biomass and grain yield. Hashem cultivar had a maximum growth length. Also, Nitrogen fertilizer had a positive effect on grain yield in non stress condition.

Background and Objective: Cryptorchidism or undescending testis is a developmental defect and occurred in 2-4% of male newborns. This study was done to determine the pattern and risk factors of cryptorchidism in Gorgan, northern Iran. Methods: In this cohort study, 2851 male newborns were examined for cryptorchidism at the birth and follow up for one year after birth in Dezyani referral teaching hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during April 2010 - December 2011. Mother ethnicity, working in farmland, addiction, consanguinity, age, infant maturity and birth weight were recorded for each subject. Results: The rate of cryptorchidism was 18.9 per 1000 live birth. Bilateral and unilateral cryptorchidism was 11.7 and 7.1 per 1000, respectively. The rate of cryptorchidism in preterm newborns (30 per 1000) was significantly higher than the term (20 per 1000) and post term (11.4 per 1000) newborns (P<0.05). The Mean±SD of newborns weight with unilateral cryptorchidism (3024537grams) was significantly lower than the healthy newborns (3253±489 grams) (P<0.05). The rate of cryptorchidism in Turkmens (10 per 1000 births) was significantly lower than Fars (21 per 1000 births) and Sistani (23 per 1000 births) newborns (P<0.05). One year Follow up of newborns showed that 41 (77.3%) testes were descent to scrotum. Conclusion: Low births weight, prematurity and ethnicity are the main risk factors of cryptorchidism in northern Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iranian society was a patriarchal one in which men had normally the highest authorities in political, social and economic relations and women often were absent from the scene of the official policy. But, since the prior qualification of the king was his attachment to the royal origins and family, the female’s rule was practiced in the case of unavailability of the mature males. Thus, Seyr-Al Moluks have been published for men. Seyr-Al Moluk writers, specifically after the hejiri sixth century, believed that women are the second-class God’s servants and physically and rationally do not have an independent existence; moreover, they have been created just for biological functions in generation production. Therefore, Seyr-Al Moluk writers divided society into the private and the public spheres and considered women in the private one. The author of Tarikh- I- Shahi wrote a book on the customs and the sovereignty of a woman king called Qutlugh Tarkan. This article presents the viewpoint of Seyr- Al Moluks on women. In addition, the phronesis described in the Tarikh- I- Shahi and the author’s historical experience about the principles and the standards of kingdom in a woman’s administration, as the first and perhaps the only experience is analyzed. Furthermore, Tarikh-I-Shahi is compared to the other Seyr-Al Moluks to examine the differences and the factors related to gender issues. Key words: seyr-ol moluk, phronesis, Tarikh-i-Shahi, Qutlugh Tarkan, Qara-khitai, king- woman. point of view regarding all issues. Regarding permission in marriage the legal dimension is considered and not the canonical dimension.

Introduction: The most common problem that is introduced by unhappy couples is failure in developing communication. One of the most important successful factors in marital life is growth and emotional maturity. The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on the evolution of emotional maturity of female students on the eve of marriage. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test plan along with control group. The research group included all female students on the eve of marriage (candidate and married) of Abarkouh universities in academic year 2010-2011. In this study sampling method was randomized, as the emotional maturity test was taken from 21-26 years old female students who were on the eve of marriage, then among of those were obtained test score between 89 and 106 (indicates unstable emotionally), 30 persons were selected randomly and replaced in two groups, experimental and control group. Then the experimental group attended in 10 sections/90 minutes on communication skills training program. Tool used in this study was emotional maturity scale (EMS). After the education, the post-test was taken from the control and experimental group. Data of tests were analyzed by descriptive statistics and independent T-test. Results: Results showed that the communication skills training is effective on female students' emotional maturity (P=0.001). Conclusion: Considering the importance of communication skills and emotional maturity in marriage of young people, holding educational courses for youth in order to better knowledge how to communicate with others, especially, before marriage can be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: There is no specific standard on the compost maturity time of biosolids of wastewater treatment plants in Iran; therefore, the researchers made an attempt to employ different chemical and biological methods to assess the compost maturity time. Materials and methods: In this study, the sludge was obtained from the drying beds of South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant and was then mixed with sawdust and windrow type of composting was performed to stabilize the sludge. The height, width and length of windrow were 1.2, 1.5, and 2.5 m, respectively. The windrow turning was done manually for 7-10 days. Results: The results showed that, C/N ratio after 100 days of composting reached 15.1 and the NH4/NO3 ratio decreased with increase in the time of dewatered sludge compost. The content of volatile solids decreased up to 28.8 percent with composting time and the number of fecal coliforms reached 898 MPN/gram of total solids. Conclusion: Thus, biosolids compost in this study was mature and ready for use as an agricultural substrate after 100 days of composting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]