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Background and Aim: The term “information behavior,” with an emphasis on health and hygiene, refers to purposeful actions taken to satisfy informational needs related to health. The objective of the current research is to develop and validate a questionnaire on information behavior, with a focus on health and hygiene information. Materials and Methods: This study was a quantitative research conducted with a tool design approach. Initially, a questionnaire for measuring this behavior was prepared using instrument design methods. The basis for extracting the factors of the present questionnaire has been argumentation and logical repetition. In other words, the researcher, in line with the background of these factors and their repetition in the sources, used them as influential factors in the questionnaire construction. After confirming the content and structural validity, the modified questionnaire was distributed among 238 patients with multiple sclerosis. The sample selection. was done using the available sampling method. Then, the data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the data was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated with the opinion of 20 experts in information behavior. The reliability of the health information behavior questionnaire was adequate and satisfactory with the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.78 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the components between 0.71 and 0.94. In order to factor analysis, the sampling adequacy index and the value of Bartlett’s Crowley test were calculated, and all 29 items were statistically significant; which confirms the factorization of the correlation matrix. In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors (avoidance of information), the second factor (need for information), the third factor (exposure to information), the fourth factor (seeking information), and the fifth factor (use of information) were obtained. The indicators of confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the proposed structure. The results of the structural equation model test showed that the fit indices were favorable and also indicated the fit of the presented model in the MS patient population. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated that health information behavior in this questionnaire encompasses five factors: information needs, information-seeking behavior, information avoidance, information use, and information confrontation, which were confirmed. The designed scale for assessing health information behavior in the Iranian community has been evaluated and is recommended for use in measuring health information behavior effectively.

Background and Aim: The term “information behavior,” with an emphasis on health and hygiene, refers to purposeful actions taken to satisfy informational needs related to health. The objective of the current research is to develop and validate a questionnaire on information behavior, with a focus on health and hygiene information. Materials and Methods: This study was a quantitative research conducted with a tool design approach. Initially, a questionnaire for measuring this behavior was prepared using instrument design methods. The basis for extracting the factors of the present questionnaire has been argumentation and logical repetition. In other words, the researcher, in line with the background of these factors and their repetition in the sources, used them as influential factors in the questionnaire construction. After confirming the content and structural validity, the modified questionnaire was distributed among 238 patients with multiple sclerosis. The sample selection. was done using the available sampling method. Then, the data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the data was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated with the opinion of 20 experts in information behavior. The reliability of the health information behavior questionnaire was adequate and satisfactory with the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.78 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the components between 0.71 and 0.94. In order to factor analysis, the sampling adequacy index and the value of Bartlett’s Crowley test were calculated, and all 29 items were statistically significant; which confirms the factorization of the correlation matrix. In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors (avoidance of information), the second factor (need for information), the third factor (exposure to information), the fourth factor (seeking information), and the fifth factor (use of information) were obtained. The indicators of confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the proposed structure. The results of the structural equation model test showed that the fit indices were favorable and also indicated the fit of the presented model in the MS patient population. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated that health information behavior in this questionnaire encompasses five factors: information needs, information-seeking behavior, information avoidance, information use, and information confrontation, which were confirmed. The designed scale for assessing health information behavior in the Iranian community has been evaluated and is recommended for use in measuring health information behavior effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the level of information literacy in the behavior of information-seeking and republishing information in social networks among graduate students of Razi University, Kermanshah. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose was a survey one, and the statistical population of the research included all postgraduate students of the fields studying in the affiliated faculties of Razi University, which has a sample size of 217 people and using Sampling Method Stratified randomization was determined. The research tool included a consolidated questionnaire in two parts information literacy and information accuracy in republishing information in the virtual space; Cronbach's alpha was estimated at 0.78. The normality of the research variables was checked by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to test the research hypotheses, the research hypotheses were analyzed using the necessary tests. SPSS.26 software was used for data analysis. Findings: The findings of the research show that the average level of information literacy of graduate students of Razi University was at an average level, although the level of education of the respondents was significantly related to this level of information literacy, and the doctoral students all had an average level of literacy. The information was high. However, gender does not have a significant effect on the level of students' information literacy. Also, a significant relationship was observed between the level of information literacy and the components of data documentation and data health in the accuracy of information republished in the virtual space, but there was no significant relationship in the components of examining the expertise of the message narrator. Conclusion: In explaining the obtained results and the high level of the information need detection component, it can be claimed that the ability to detect the information needs and determine the extent and location of information plays a key role in strengthening the students' abilities. Regarding the components of critical evaluation of information, which was obtained with a lower average than other components of information literacy, it can be said that by increasing the ability to critically evaluate information, the diagnostic capabilities in republishing information of individuals also increase. The ability to critically evaluate information with skills such as the ability of reviewing and comparing information obtained from different sources, to determine the validity and correctness of the information, to detect the presence of fraud and manipulation in information causes the ability to analyze and review different and contradictory views. The set of these skills leads the students to have possibility to ensure the correctness and ability to use the information correctly. Also, improving the level of information literacy among students can help to increase the accuracy and correctness of the information republished in cyberspace. In general, the current situation of information literacy of graduate students of Razi University of Kermanshah is at a desirable level. However, since a significant relationship between the level of information literacy and the accuracy of information was reported in the republishing of information in cyberspace, it is possible to take necessary measures to increase the level of information literacy in master's degree students or even lower education levels, which will improve the performance of students. To develop knowledge and improve the accuracy of republished messages in cyberspace among students. It is suggested that the necessary decisions should be taken by high policymakers to design, implement, and evaluate information literacy for university professors, so that professors, along with presenting their specialized courses, also transfer the necessary skills related to information literacy to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: explaining the components of access based on one of the dimensions fundamental change theory in the process of seeking information students in virtual space.Method: The present study is a qualitative using semi-structured interviews. Population consist of BA students in education and psychology Faculty of university of Tabriz, selected using snowball sampling. Finally, using the opinions of 21 students, required data came to the saturation. To analyze qualitative data and extract components from the method of coding the grounded theory and MaxQDA software used. Findings :To design access model and to discover a common concept of the definition of the phenomenon in question (access), considering causal conditions (context of using the knowledge and ability of others and types of content used in virtual space), contextual variables (access tools), strategies (how to access information resources, having the necessary skills to use information resources independently, using the knowledge and abilities of others in virtual space), intervening conditions (barriers to accessing information) and consequences of access (application of virtual space for users) was explained.Value: The value of this research is to show one of the important dimensions of the theory of fundamental change (access) that is affected by the virtual environment.Conclusion: The emergence of electronic resources in virtual space and the unique features of virtual space have changed the information-seeking behavior of students, and need to have necessary abilities and skills in the field of information literacy, computer literacy, Internet literacy, communication literacy, critical literacy, and culture literacy.

Aim: Given the growing desire of people to obtain health information through the Internet, examining the web search process will provide valuable information to health professionals and policymakers. Analyzing the search terms of Google users can show their interests and tendencies. The present study studies the global trends in stem cell therapy in the last 5 years using Google Trends. In this research, the global search trends, the geographical distribution of search, the preferred search terms of users that can express the treatment preferences of treatment applicants, and the importance of treatment cost for potential treatment applicants have been considered.Methodology: This is an applied and analytical study and data were collected and analyzed using Google Trends. Google Trends is one of the services of the Google company through which the needs and behaviors of Google users can be analyzed. The results are from July 19, 2015, to July 12, 2020.Findings: The findings indicated that the search for "Stem cell therapy" has been an increasing trend in the period under review. Most searches were in the US, Singapore, and the Philippines. Also, the Asian countries of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Qatar, Malaysia, Kuwait, South Korea, and Hong Kong, the countries of Canada, New Zealand, England, and Ireland, and the African countries of Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa are also among the 20 countries with the highest search volume index in the field of Stem cell therapy.Iran was ranked 25th in terms of the search volume index. Stem cell therapy for knee pain, pain, autism, arthritis, Mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has attracted the attention of Google users. The results also indicate the importance of treatment costs for stem cell therapy in different countries. The most relevant searches in the field of treatment costs were conducted in the United States, Australia, India, Canada, and the United Kingdom.Conclusion: Google Trends is an effective tool for investigating the process of Google users searching for stem cell therapy. The data provided can be used to identify countries in which treatment is sought, treatment priorities, and treatment demand. Accordingly, appropriate policies can be adopted to attract stem cell tourists. In this regard, information specialists can use the Google Trends tool to extract user search data in various fields related to health and provide it to health experts and policymakers for future planning.

The aim of this study is to understand the concept of information avoidance in terms of origin, effective factors, behaviors, areas of the previous studies, and research gaps. This research was conducted by systematic review method using Kitchenham and Charters (2007) framework. By reviewing internal and external databases and studying the abstracts of retrieved articles with related keywords, 65 related articles were identified and after refinement, 49 related articles were reviewed without time limitation. After studying the articles related to information avoidance, and using the content analysis approach, the contents were categorized into several thematic categories and the questions were answered according to the aims of the research. The findings suggest that the origins of information avoidance could be traced back to theories such as cognitive dissonance theory of Festinger (1957), uncertainty reduction theory of Gudykunst (1985), and models such as Johnson’s (1997) and Wilson’s (1999). The most important factors influencing information avoidance could be classified into two categories of Hedonic and Strategic factors. The factors of hedonic category are preferences for resolution of compound lotteries, risk, loss, and disappointment aversion, anxiety, attention, regret aversion, optimism maintenance, dissonance avoidance, and belief investments. Strategic factors also fall into two categories: intrapersonal strategic avoidance (avoiding dynamic inconsistency, resisting temptation, motivation maintenance, avoiding projection biases, abdicating responsibility and saving it for later) and interpersonal strategic avoidance (avoiding spoiling information about themselves or receiving information about others, which causes a change in their attitudes toward them). Information avoidance behaviors are then introduced which include physical avoidance, inattention, biased interpretation of information, forgetting, and self-handicapping. Also, the contexts in which information avoidance has been discussed so far include health, risk information, social and news media, emotional relationships, and smoking, using common information avoidance assessment tools such as questionnaires, interviews, modeling, laboratory observation, and task defining are investigated. Finally, two of the important research gaps in this field are the lack of a comprehensive model for information avoidance that is responsive to any society and any problem, and the need to pay more attention to information avoidance in the field of knowledge and information science.

Methodology:In terms of objective and collecting data (made by systematic approach), this research is placed in sort of applied and descriptive research respectively. in order to collect data, we used a researcher-made questionnaire.The statistical population is all students of Tarbiat Modares University in both master and doctoral degrees. Sampling was done randomly and the sample size, according to Cochran formula, is 374 personsFindings:The results obtained by structural model indicated that there is a meaningful relation between the variable defined as attitude towards jobs future and the variable information-seeking behavior of students. The results of Kruskal-Wallis and Uman‌- Whitney tests showed that there was no difference between postgraduate and PhD students in terms of attitude towards jobs future. In addition, there was no difference among students of various groups given the variable towards to job future. while he reaction of students of various groups towards information-seeking behaviors was similar, there exist a significant difference between master and doctoral students in terms of information-seeking behaviorOriginality: As far as the results of this research is concerned, there is a meaningful relation between the information-seeking behavior and the attitudes of students toward their job future. Improving the attitudes to job future and motivating them, we can expect their information-seeking behavior would be improved. The discrepancy between graduate and doctoral students in terms of information-seeking behaviors indicates that universities, or more accurately, central libraries can play a greater role to enhance information-seeking skills of students as well as their level of information knowledge.

Aim: Given the growing desire of people to obtain health information through the Internet, examining the web search process will provide valuable information to health professionals and policymakers. Analyzing the search terms of Google users can show their interests and tendencies. The present study studies the global trends in stem cell therapy in the last 5 years using Google Trends. In this research, the global search trends, the geographical distribution of search, the preferred search terms of users that can express the treatment preferences of treatment applicants, and the importance of treatment cost for potential treatment applicants have been considered. Methodology: This is an applied and analytical study and data were collected and analyzed using Google Trends. Google Trends is one of the services of the Google company through which the needs and behaviors of Google users can be analyzed. The results are from July 19, 2015, to July 12, 2020. Findings: The findings indicated that the search for "Stem cell therapy" has been an increasing trend in the period under review. Most searches were in the US, Singapore, and the Philippines. Also, the Asian countries of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Qatar, Malaysia, Kuwait, South Korea, and Hong Kong, the countries of Canada, New Zealand, England, and Ireland, and the African countries of Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa are also among the 20 countries with the highest search volume index in the field of Stem cell therapy. Iran was ranked 25th in terms of the search volume index. Stem cell therapy for knee pain, pain, autism, arthritis, Mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has attracted the attention of Google users. The results also indicate the importance of treatment costs for stem cell therapy in different countries. The most relevant searches in the field of treatment costs were conducted in the United States, Australia, India, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Conclusion: Google Trends is an effective tool for investigating the process of Google users searching for stem cell therapy. The data provided can be used to identify countries in which treatment is sought, treatment priorities, and treatment demand. Accordingly, appropriate policies can be adopted to attract stem cell tourists. In this regard, information specialists can use the Google Trends tool to extract user search data in various fields related to health and provide it to health experts and policymakers for future planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the leap in the development of information technology and social media, seeking health information online has become popular. This study endeavors to provide an analysis of users 'health-seeking information behavior in the web environment, based on Bates' developed model.. Methods: This applied study has been done by an analytical survey method. The data collection instrument was an online researcher-made questionnaire (sensitive to the differentiation of respondents) developed with inspiration from the research by Dow and her colleagues, which was enacted by 10 Faculty members of Iranian universities of medical sciences. The sample consisted of 72 individuals with bachelor's degrees and higher who were selected by volunteer sampling method. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests were used. Results: Approximately, 48% of the members of the research sample had a "scrutinizing" approach to their health question and 31% had a "direct and active (searching)" approach according to Bates' developed information model. These two information seeking approaches were more prevalent (compared to "engineering" and "basic sciences" disciplines) among those who had worked or studied in the field of "social sciences and humanities" for at least one year. There was a significant difference between "occupation" and "online health information-seeking behavior based on the Bates' model". However, there was no significant difference between "age" and "level of education" and their health information-seeking behavior (March 2022). Conclusion: Dow's model (based on the Bates developed seeking information model) can be used and be efficient in the health research to analyze the information seeking behavior of different groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pregnant women use the Internet to meet their information needs. Despite the contradictory information on the web, the increase in anxiety and its negative effects on fetal growth and maternal health, the importance of online search for health information becomes apparent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine online health information search behavior among pregnant women referred to Fatemeh Alzahra hospital in Ahvaz City, Iran, based on the Davis technology admission model. Methods: The present study was conducted using survey method. The study population consisted of pregnant women referring to Fatemeh Alzahra hospital in year 2019. Based on Cochran's formula, a sample size of 357 people was calculated. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire; the initial version of it was prepared with 34 questions. Research data were analyzed using correlation test and regression analysis. Results: Health information seeking behavior among the studied pregnant women was desirable, with an average of higher than 3 in all variables. The variables of convenience, trust, and usefulness at the level of more than 50% explained the attitude and ultimately the search for health information among pregnant women. Conclusion: The pregnant women of current study had the same information needs as other women in domestic and foreign research. An important issue in this regard is the high level of trust in online information, which highlights the need for health centers to pay attention to health education and health information literacy during pregnancy.

Introduction: Promoting community health and improving health status requires training and clarifying health information seeking behavior in the community. In this regard, due to the caring role parents have in the family, they can play an important role by improving their health information acquisition skills. This study aimed to identify the components related to parental health information seeking behavior. Methods: This was a library review study using a hybrid approach. After determining the keywords and searching in internal and external databases, 5574 articles were found. Applying filters and examining the content, the codes were extracted from 22 articles. Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) indices were used to review the articles, and Shannon entropy table, expert opinion, and kappa coefficient were employed to extract the codes. Results: In this study, 4 main and 12 subcategories were identified. Information needs, sources of information, cognitive factors and barriers to class information acquisition, and health-oriented information as well as child health assessment, conventional and non-conventional sources, social support, communication infrastructure, information validity were among the subcategories. Conclusion: Facilitating the access to credible health-oriented information has a great impact on promoting health literacy and ultimately improving the level of health of individuals, including parents of children under 5 years old. Therefore, considering physical infrastructure, search skills, and individual and social differences as well as health information literacy training are among the factors affecting health promotion and improving its two-way relationship with health-information seeking behavior.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the components affecting information seeking behavior and to measure their impact from Persian and English articles in this field. In addition, the moderating variables affecting information seeking behavior were identified and their effect size was calculated. Method: The method of this study is meta-analysis. The research population included all research papers indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC) for national research as well as all research papers indexed in ProQuest database for international research. According to the inclusion criteria, 89 studies were selected and among them, 19 studies had dependent variables of information seeking behavior and independent variables affecting information seeking behavior to calculate the effect size, which were included in the meta-analysis. These studies were conducted by applying survey method and by using questionnaire tools in different societies and according to reliable criteria. Data were analyzed using the CMA2 software. Findings: In the studies carried out in this field (which included in the meta-analysis), a total of 16 variables and factors affecting information seeking behavior were identified in four main subgroups of students, faculty members, medical staff and citizens. These factors include: Internet use, access to information resources, familiarity with specialized resources, Internet skills, search skills, familiarity with new technologies, basic knowledge of the field of search, lack of time, ability to recognize the validity of information, motivation to seek information occupation, English language proficiency, Internet access, information literacy level, personal factors, Internet anxiety, and personal interest. The overall results of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size or the coefficient of influence of the components and factors affecting the information seeking behavior is 0.589, which is rated as high according to Cohen's interpretive system. In addition, the extent of the effect of variables and factors affecting information seeking behavior is different in term of the two variables of sample group (students, faculty members, medical staff and citizens) and the field of study (internal and external research), and both variables are moderating variables affecting information-seeking behavior. Originality/value: Due to the fact that many studies have been conducted on variables and factors affecting information seeking behavior, there was no research dealing with their results in the form of meta-analysis. Therefore, this research has tried to fill this gap. The information seeking behavior of individuals is influenced by factors, and the 16 factors identified in this study considerably affect how individuals seek information. Furthermore, in addition to the independent factors and variables of the variable, information seeking behavior is different depending on different groups of society and their local context and language.

The aim of this study was investigating the stress levels of mental health professionals in the process of diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders based on the Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (ISP). The present study was an applied research project and used a quasi-experimental method. The population consists of psychologists and psychiatrists with more than two years of treatment experience. The sample includes 30 therapists who are chosen in a public call during a competition called Top Therapists. The competition was held at Atieh Clinic in 2018. To gather data, some tools such as Questionnaire, Stress Response Evaluation, and Morae software were used. The findings show that the therapists, contrary to the Kuhlthau's view, experience a certain amount of stress at all stages of Kuhlthau's ISP. This level of stress, which is significantly different from the baseline stress of therapists, does not change considerably in most stages of Kuhlthau's ISP. This stress is seen as a useful and effective one, based on the focus and excitement of the therapists in the diagnosis and treatment process. In addition, all demographic variables except gender may have a significant effect on stress. Finally, it can be concluded that by relying on modern neuroscience and information technology tools, one can provide a better understanding of the moment-by-moment process of therapists' information seeking behavior.

Introduction: Although the concept of facet analysis has a long background in the classification and information retrieval systems, the use of facet analysis approach in the current information retrieval systems is associated with drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is the lack of proper attention to the user as the main stakeholder of the system. In this study, a method is presented for appropriate facet extraction in the modern information retrieval systems. Methods: In order to perceive the need of users and achieve the facets of gynecology and obstetrics, the contractual content analysis method was employed with a qualitative approach. First, the informational needs of the user group were identified after interviewing 14 specialists in the fields of midwifery and gynecology and obstetrics. Then, the informational needs were classified with the help of specialists in the subject area and a facet was attributed to each stage. An expert group consisting of eight subject-area specialists and eight specialists in knowledge and information science evaluated the efficiency of the facets extracted; this way, the agreement was evaluated based on the total agreement formula. Results: Based on the codes extracted from the interviews related to determining the information needs of stakeholders in the domains of gynecology and obstetrics, 23 facets were identified, 9 of which being identified as proper facets, including age groups, organ, therapeutics, diagnosis, disease, symptoms or finding, risk factor, complication, and prognosis by the experts through receiving a coefficient of agreement above 80%. Conclusion: Facet extraction of the information retrieval systems based on the user-oriented approach converts the facets from general to specialized states. In this case, the facets are different for the users of each specialized domain in the user interface; thus, the specialized user interfaces would be formed.

Background and purpose: Paying attention to the importance of information empowerment in solving academic problems and challenges and influencing the environment, the present study aims to investigate the role of social support on information seeking behavior in humanities and behavioral sciences students and academic engagement as mediator. Materials and methods: The present study is an applied research in terms of aim, and is a descriptive-correlation research in terms of data collection. The population of this study consists of humanities and behavioral sciences students, which 161 students were selected using the ratio of "sample size to number of variables" calculation and convenience sampling method. To measure variables, Lent et al’s social support questionnaire (2001), & Salmela-Aro and Upadyaya academic engagement scale (2013) and information seeking behavior subscale (2015) was used.Results: The results showed that the correlation of components and general factor of social support with information seeking behavior were all significant. The correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients of components and general factor of social support and academic, engagement with information seeking behavior were all significant and positive. Examination of the pattern of relations between the three variables shows that the model fits the data and each of the estimated parameters for the paths in the model is significant. Overall, the results support the research hypotheses and illustrate the significant role of social support and academic engagement in explaining information seeking behavior.

Abstract Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the user interface environment of some databases (Science Direct, Springer, Clinical Key, and Wiley online library) from the perspective of users applying Dervin's sense-making theory. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 100 PhD students and research-based PhD students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The components of Dervin's sense-making theory are applicable in the user interface environment of the databases investigated. The highest mean score was found in the aid/use component in Science Direct (2.11) and the lowest mean score was associated with the split component in Clinical Key (2.02). There were differences between the mean scores for the components of the Dervin's model between PhD student users (1.99) and the research-based PhD student users (2.33). Conclusion: The study showed that the user interface environments of the databases moderately support users' information seeking behavior. Dervin's sense-making theory could help users in difficult and ambiguous situations.

Introduction: Although several studies have been conducted on online health information seeking behavior and its relationship with health beliefs, there are still gaps in identifying the exact and comprehensive relationships of these factors in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between health belief model and the intention to search online health information among university students in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods: In this correlational study, the statistical population consisted of all students who study at universities in Ahvaz City, in the academic year of 2019. To determine the sample size of the research, according to the Cochran formula, 600 students were selected through stratified random sampling method, and using a mixed questionnaire consisted of 6 components and 30 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.886 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. 527 questionnaires were distributed and the data were analyzed using multivariate regression method. Results: Most of the respondents were in the age group of 21-30 years (55.8%). According to the final analysis, the “perceived benefits” explained 66.8% of the changes in the intention to seek health information. In addition, “perceived severity”, “perceived susceptibility”, and “self-efficacy”, accounted for 24.7%, 17.5%, 14.0% of the variation in intention to seek health information, respectively. However, the relationship between “perceived barriers” and intention to seek health information was not confirmed. Conclusion: Seeking for health information in the Internet is influenced by health beliefs, and the Internet, as the most important and accessible information source, has many benefits for the students; thus, affecting the severity and sensitivity of this stratum to use, adds health information daily. This indicates a relatively high level of awareness among students about improving their health information.

Introduction: Investigating the health information seeking behavior of users can help librarians to provide appropriate services, and help public libraries to make effective decisions and plans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the health information seeking behavior of among the users of public libraries in Isfahan City, Iran. Methods: In this research with survey method, the statistical population included 6657 users of public libraries in Isfahan City, and the sample size was calculated as 377. The sampling was performed using stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included a researcher-made Health Information Seeking Behavior questionnaire. The validity of questionnaire was verified by experts in the field of medical library and information science, and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha as 0.87. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS software. Results: Frequency distribution of health information searches and time spent on searching for health information in each search showed that most of the users searched for health information once a month, and each time they spent 15-30 minutes for health information searches. Moreover, the mean score of components of health information seeking behavior among users showed that the highest mean related to the purposefulness of health information search (63.1 out of 100) and the lowest was of the diversity of health information sources (45.71 out of 100). Conclusion: Public library users do not spend much time on searching for health information. They search for health information based on the various goals and issues they are facing and conduct targeted searches. Moreover, they do not care much about the resources of health information they need.

This paper aims to survey the method of Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources based on the Ellis model in Seminary base on new media, study 323 Students in Fars and Bushehr Province. The method of this study is a survey with analytical approach. Data collection tools in this study was questionnaire and in order to assess validity (content), and the questionnaire reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha. Sampling is purposeful; Descriptive and analytical statistical methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were utilized. prying mind (2/6), reviewing of information resources (3/13), Sites in the Internet related to subjects or social networks (3/92), Using online databases or weblogs (3/48), Authority (3/7), Studying abstract (2/48), is so important for seminary students. The results showed that Students of Seminary selected different methods base on new media that selected by research population for Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources and its not based on the Ellis Model.

This study aims to consider the relationship between undergraduate management students’ strategic thinkingskills and their information seeking behaviors. The statistical population for this study was 400 undergraduate students of management faculty in University of Tehran and the sample size was calculated to be 201 students using Cookran formula. In this study, survey methodology was applied and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Based on Pisapia’s model of strategic thinking and ACRL model of information seeking behavior , the results indicated that in among the different dimensions of strategic thinking, reframing thinking skill (leading to the formation of new values and getting away from the old clichés) has caused the highest change unit in information seeking behavior.

Purpose: Investigated the information need and information seeking behavior in the Iran manufacturing industry. Method/Design: To gain a deep understanding of the issue, we used grounded theory approach. 25 manufacturing firms operating in the Isfahan Science Technology Park were selected purposefully. Data was obtained from 20-30 minute semi-structured interview with all 25 companies’ managers. Findings: In emerged that the companies` information needs are variant based on their fields of work and by the environment. Furthermore, companies use three sources (persons, organizations, consultants) to obtain information. These resources include: market resources (experience and knowledge, market observation, exhibition and advertisements, other organizations, and communications); scientific resources (publications, imitation, experts and specialists knowledge and experience) and other resources (internet, media, and customers). Companies’ information seeking behavior ranges from easy to stringent behavior

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the user interface environment of some databases (Science Direct, Springer, Clinical Key, and Wiley online library) from the perspective of users applying Dervin's sense-making theory. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 100 PhD students and research-based PhD students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The components of Dervin's sense-making theory are applicable in the user interface environment of the databases investigated. The highest mean score was found in the aid/use component in Science Direct (2.11) and the lowest mean score was associated with the split component in Clinical Key (2.02). There were differences between the mean scores for the components of the Dervin's model between PhD student users (1.99) and the research-based PhD student users (2.33). Conclusion: The study showed that the user interface environments of the databases moderately support users' information seeking behavior. Dervin's sense-making theory could help users in difficult and ambiguous situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the important issues in the scope of user behavior in libraries is users' unplanned behavior, which can play a decisive role in developing the use of resources and services or in increasing the culture of using libraries within communities. Therefore, the present study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the unplanned behavior of library users in using the resources and services of academic libraries and presenting a proposed pattern. Methodology: The present research was applied in terms of purpose that was conducted based on a quantitative-qualitative approach using the grounded theory at the qualitative part and survey-analytical method at the quantitative part. The data collection tool for the qualitative part was a deep and semi-structured interview and for the quantitative part, it was a researcher-made questionnaire. The research population at the qualitative part included the faculty members and experts in three fields of knowledge and information science, management, and psychology. 12 subjects were selected as the sample by combined purposeful sampling (first purposeful and then snowball). The research population at the quantitative part included the student members of the central libraries of the universities Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Shahid Chamran of Ahvaz, Tehran, Tabriz and Shiraz. The sample size was 600 people. Analyzing and coding interview data were performed with using MAXQDA 10 qualitative analysis software. At the quantitative part, the structural equation method and LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Findings: Based on the findings of the qualitative part, the factors related to technology, environment, information resources, information services, human resources, individual characteristics, time position, cultural factors and social factors were identified as the factors affecting the unplanned behavior of users in using the resources and services of academic libraries. Accordingly, the operational model of this type of behavior was designed. Based on the operational model, the results of the quantitative part showed that environmental and technological factors affect the unplanned behavior of users in using the resources and services of academic libraries through the time position factor, while cultural and social factors affect this through the individual characteristics of users. Information resources, information services and human resources had no significant effect on the incidence of unplanned behaviors in the use of library resources and services. Finally, the proposed pattern of factors affecting the unplanned behavior of users in using the resources and services of academic libraries was designed based on the results of quantitative and qualitative research part. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it seems that in order to optimize the use of resources and services, attract audiences and increase the level of awareness and information of users, academic libraries should pay special attention to the effective factors in the unplanned behavior of users in using libraries resources and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Technical videos and images are of great importance in learning different topics of medical sciences. This study is conducted to determine the effect of videos and images in learning from students’ point of view and also their problems in accessing them. Materials and Methods: This is a survey study. Data were collected by a self-made questionnaire and the population included postgraduate students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 94-95. Results: More than half of the students stated that images and videos have an average or more-than-average effect on their learning achievements. There is no significant relationship between students’ fields of study and their feeling the need for specialized images and videos. To get advice, they refer more to their professors or classmates than to librarians. A large number of responding students had not heard even the names of specialized image-and-video databases or they had never used them before. Low-speed internet and filtering of sites are the most important factors in students’ failure to access their required images and videos while students themselves have ranked ‘unfamiliarity with specialized databases’ as the fourth important factor. Conclusion: The students know the importance of images and videos in learning achievements, but since they don’t know the professional databases and don’t have an appropriate interaction with librarians, they resort to general search-engines and, as a result, they face with blocked sites and are deprived from what they really want.

Background and Aim: Creating personal information collections will bring the management needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the use level of personal information management and each of its four activities by Faculty members of Allied Medical Sciences Schools in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Medical Sciences Universities in 2014 year. Materials and Method: This applied study was an analytical survey. The participants of the study were Faculty members of Allied Medical Sciences Schools in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Medical Sciences Universities. All participants (120) were studied. PIM was surveyed by using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. In order to determine the significant differences, analytical statistics were applied. The validity was confirmed by the number of professors feedback and reliability calculated by the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha 0.91. Results: Storage with average of 73.59% and organization with average of 62.11% were at "good" level. Maintenance with an average of 54.4% and refind with an average of 59.93% were at "medial" level. "Personal information management" with an average of 62.51% was at "good" level. According to the research hypotheses test, the use of personal information management and each of its elements by members of the community in terms of university, academic rank and gender were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Usage level of personal information management by faculty members is far from ideal situation. The main reasons can be included not having enough time, working pressure and lack of sufficient acquaintance with the activities required to personal information management.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting grape producer's information seeking behavior in the Zanjan province. The research was a descriptive and correlational study that was conducted by using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of all grape producers in 2014 cropping seasons (N =32871) in the Zanjan province. Using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample-size Tale, 379 grape producers were selected as the sample population (n =379). The samples were selected through convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using a questionnaire, which was validated by a panel of agricultural extension and education and horticulture experts and the reliability was gained through a pilot test with Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.73 and 0.86. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS software. The results of the research showed that about 80 percent of farmers had weak to moderate information seeking behavior. Among the cities, Khoramdeh had the highest percentage of grape producers in the moderate seeking behavior cluster and the other cities had the highest percentage of grape producers in the low seeking behavior clusters. Although the grape producers in different clusters had a high level of access to the agricultural management experts, this information source was not one of the highly usable sources. In contrast, family members and other farmers play an important role in meeting their information needs. Grape producers in different clusters of information seeking behavior had different individual, professional and management characteristics

Introduction: This article aimed to study the main constituents of professional information seeking in organizational context of Emergency Medical Management (EMS) and Disaster Management Center in Bushehr City, Iran. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between job duties, professionalism, and information sources in organizational context. Methods: This study was done on the basis of a qualitative method called "interpretive field study". The method of data gathering was interview, observation, and the investigation of Emergency Medical Management documents. For data analysis, at first the concepts was extracted from the interviews and then, they were clustered. Finally, describing the relationship among the set of concepts, a model was presented for information Seeking of Bushehr emergency medical management technicians. Results: In this model, it became clear that the nature of job of emergency medical management technicians had divided their information seeking to two part: during the processes and after the processes. During the implementation of processes, information seeking was done in the decision-making time which was based on experience and collective consultation. After the implementation of the processes, to answer the information needs, the search for sources began. Method of discerning the information needs, searching for sources (experience, group consultation, official sources, …) during the implementation of process and after that, depended on job training, personal behaviors, and organizational norms which were present in study context. Conclusion: The emergency medical management authorities should consider the nature of profession and organizational context in information seeking behavior and should utilize from various information seeking pattern to meet the information requirements of emergency medical management technicians.

Introduction: Women experience many challenges post mastectomy. Information seeking plays a key role in empowering them to do self-care, improving their quality of life and improving their health. However, individual and contextual barriers hinder their access to needed information. This research aimed to identify those barriers. Methods: This was a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. 17 women were recruited through purposive sampling in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, Iran, and semi-structured interviews were conducted among them. Results: Seven central themes were emerged to explain women's experiences of barriers in information seeking post mastectomy among which fear, shame, and inadequate literacy were individual; and economic status, physicians and healthcare personnel, lack of access to information resources and others’ behavior were contextual barriers. Conclusion: Despite the necessity of access to health information for women post mastectomy, results showed individual and contextual information seeking barriers. Hence, necessary actions should be taken by health authorities especially institutions for women health to reform and revise heath system in order to tackle information seeking barriers for women post mastectomy.

Introduction: Learning styles influence the methods and ways of obtaining information and lead to the variety of information seeking behaviors from the searchers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between learning styles and information seeking behavior in master degree students of medical science in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic study. The population of the study was 601 master degree students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2013-2015. They were all freshmen. The sample size of 234 students was determined using Cochran formula. Data were collected by two questionnaires (Kolb questionnaire and researcher-made seeking behavior questionnaire). The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by a panel of experts and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach`s alpha. Data analysis was done by inferential statistics and statistical software SPSS (version 18). Measuring the significant relationship between learning styles and information seeking behavior was done with Pierson correlation coefficient. The significant difference between learning styles and information seeking behavior in terms of gender and faculty was examined by Fisher`s test. Results: Learning styles had effect on information seeking behavior; also correlation coefficients between the learning styles and information seeking behavior had significant difference, but there was no difference in terms of faculty. Conclution: Recognition of learning styles and including it into designing of information systems may increase system`s interactivity that it may lead to have better and faster accessibility to information resources.

Humans do different behaviors to meet their needs constantly. These behaviors are different and each of them constitutes subject of disciplines such as psychology, sociology, management, art, knowledge and information science, and some specialized sub-disciplines of them. Investigating information behaviors and knowledge behaviors are favorite subjects in knowledge and information science. These behaviors show the main elements of user activity to interact with information and knowledge as well as retrieval systems. This paper with considering the importance of these concepts tries to review the literature through analytical and discussed concepts such as data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and intelligence. Afterward, the prerequisites for the formation of knowledgeseeking behavior are expressed and defined as knowledge-seeking behavior and differentiation with information-seeking behavior. The surveys showed that the concept of knowledge-seeking behavior is an important concept and is very wide so that we can expect to open a new area in literature and research in various fields especially in knowledge and information science. It is necessary to develop and regulate the frameworks in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the information seeking behavior of academic staff in the use of online resources at Tabataba’i University. The methodology of this study is a descriptive survey and a research application was implemented. The instrument used for data collection questionnaire was developed and distributed among the 472 members of the faculty at Allameh Tabataba’i University. The results show that 80 percent of faculty members through the Internet search and online sources are familiar with the individual studies and their main goal is conducting research into the use of online resources and up to date information. In a variety of magazines, online resources and electronic books more than other types of applications. Eighty eight percent of Allameh Tabataba’i University faculty members use free information resources to meet the needs of their own. The main criteria for the evaluation of the new and updated information are available online resources. According to the results, the biggest difficulties experienced by the fellow members of university staff in using online resources include the constant inaccessibility of information banks owing to the lack of a comprehensive policy in this respect and the very low speed of the Internet.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is a survey of the relationship between cognitive and metacognitive strategies and information seeking behavior among the faculty members in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). The method of this study is descriptive survey – relationship and data are collected by 2 questionnaires; one is learning and studying strategies questionnaire and the other is information seeking behavior questionnaires. The research community consists of all faculty members in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (N= 2012) and the sample of this study size is determined by Morgan table (N=322) and probability stratified sampling is used as a sampling method. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods are used to study the questions. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient between cognitive strategies with information seeking behavior among the faculty members is r=0/065, and according to p=0/24, that means, there is not a significant relationship. The correlation coefficient between metacognitive strategies with information seeking behavior among the faculty members is r=0/128 and accordingly the value is p=0/02, that means there is statistically significant relationship. Finally, this study indicates that increasing metacognitive strategies among the faculty members can increase their information seeking behavior.

Purpose: The present study has been done with the goal to assessing the possibility of prediction of information seeking behavior of graduate students based on the dimensions of goal orientations and creativity. Method: Study sample consisted of 221graduate students from Shiraz University (134 girls and87boys) were selected with cluster sampling method. Gathering data tool consists of information seeking behavior questionnaires(Khosrowgerdy, Olumy, Naghshine&Mohseny,1388), goal orientation questionnaire designed by the researcher, and also multiple choice paper and pencil test (MPPT)questionnaire for measuring creativity((Abedy,1372) that were completed by students. To determine reliability of measures, Cronbach Alpha Coefficient and to examine validity, factor analysis methods were used. The test results asserted acceptable validity and reliability of instruments. Research data analyzed with Multiple Regressions Test. Results: Results of simultaneous multiple regressions showed that, a) all dimension of goal orientation was positive predictor of relevance judgment dimension of information seeking behavior. b) avoidance goal orientation dimension and elaboration dimension of creativity was positive and fluency dimension of creativity was negative predictor of time as a motivated factor dimension of information seeking behavior. c) learning goal orientation and avoidance goal orientation dimensions was positive predictor of confirm previous knowledge dimension of information seeking behavior. d) learning goal orientation dimension and originality dimension of creativity was positive predictor of creating new ideas dimension of information seeking behavior. e) Trying to search for information dimension of information seeking behavior only through learning goal orientation dimension is predicted as positive and significant. Conclusion :to attention on existence of positive and meaningful relationship between goal orientations, dimensions of creativity with information seeking behavior and possibility of prediction of information seeking behavior of graduate students by aforesaid psychological variants, can explain that success or un success in information seeking behavior of students and access to information and optimum work on researching functions are not only productive of students specially skills but also are impressible of psychological issues like goal orientations and creativity.

This article reviews the condition of information seeking behavior in Iran with analytical and qualittatire approaches to exhibit a clear, scientific, and read condition of it. Published literature has been reviewed both in theoretical bases and accomplished researches. So, all published literature including books, articles, theses, and research plans that has been released and distributed in Iran and were effective in this domain, has been studied. Reviews showed that the information seeking behavior has had a developing trend in quality and quantity form the last seventeen years of its emerging in Iran. Lower than 4% of published literature has been translated. Most resources have studied the information seeking behavior in research form. Scholar’s information seeking behavior has been done in most researches (about 34% of all researches). Then students’ information seeking behavior (about 17%) and researches’ information seeking behavior (about 14%) has been done. The least attention has been about examination of publics’ information seeking behavior and public library members. Reviews show that most researches have been at science and research units of Azad University in Tehran and Ahvaz. According to accomplished analysis, most articles has been published in National Studies of Librarianship and Information quarterly (previously Faslname Ketab), Processing and management of Information quarterly, and Librarianship and Information quarterly, respectively. This domain has been focused by librarians and somewhat by specialists of agricultural, social communication science, course planning, and government management fields.

This article investigates the information need and information seeking behavior in Iran manufacturing industry. To gain a deep understanding of the issue, we used grounded theory approach. Twenty-five manufacturing firms operating in the Isfahan Science Technology Park were selected purposefully. Data was obtained from 20-30 minute semi-structured interview with all 25 companies' managers. Findings show that the companies` information needs are variant based on their fields of work and by the environment. Furthermore, companies use three sources (persons, organizations, consultants) to obtain information. These resources include: market resources (experience and knowledge, market observation, exhibition and advertisements, other organizations, and communications); scientific resources (publications, imitation, experts and specialists knowledge and experience) and other resources (internet, media, and customers). Companies' information seeking behavior ranges from easy to stringent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Technical videos and images are of great importance in learning different topics of medical sciences. This study is conducted to determine the effect of videos and images in learning from students' point of view and also their problems in accessing them. Materials and Methods: This is a survey study. Data were collected by a selfmade questionnaire and the population included postgraduate students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 9495-. Results: More than half of the students stated that images and videos have an average or more-than-average effect on their learning achievements. There is no significant relationship between students' fields of study and their feeling the need for specialized images and videos. To get advice, they refer more to their professors or classmates than to librarians. A large number of responding students had not heard even the names of specialized image-and-video databases or they had never used them before. Low-speed internet and filtering of sites are the most important factors in students' failure to access their required images and videos while students themselves have ranked ‘unfamiliarity with specialized databases' as the fourth important factor. Conclusion: The students know the importance of images and videos in learning achievements, but since they don't know the professional databases and don't have an appropriate interaction with librarians, they resort to general search-engines and, as a result, they face with blocked sites and are deprived from what they really want. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Log analysis or Web transactions Log are beneficial for enhancing information retrieval systems, productivity of the system for users, and understanding how users benefited from a system and their information behavior. The purpose of this paper is to analyze users’ behavior, the level of their using IRANDOC database and the way they use it. In order to do this, the users log to the database from outside IRANDOC searching information was studied for a period of 24 days in Bahman and Esfand 1391. The analysis of users log includes: geographic coding analysis, statistical analysis, and microanalysis of information seeking behavior. The results indicate that users from the cities of Tehran, Mashhad and Tabriz used the database more than other cities. Sundays and Mondays between 9 to13 were the peak use days and hours. 10 to 15 search characters long were the most frequently used search items, and the most searched subject was Social Sciences. The findings showed also that some users were not familiar with concepts like search term modification and how to use Boolean operators which resulted in inefficient information retrieval. Inefficient retrieval algorithm for short words was also found in the database. It was also found that log analysis can be of use in the evaluation of an information retrieval system as well as in user behavior analysis.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine the ways, resources, and objectives of obtaining health related information by members of four Qazvin public libraries (affiliated with the Public Libraries Foundation) in December 2011. For the purpose of data analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Findings: Almost all members of Qazvin public libraries have experienced the need for health related information in their daily lives. Most commonly, this is obtained through passive means. Watching TV was the most popular method of obtaining health information, and was ranked in first place. Where internet research was concerned, search engines were the most popular method. Prevention was found to be the key motivation for individuals seeking health information. Originality/value: This study is valuable given the emergence of new era of health information within the public libraries of Iran, and the emphasis placed by the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education and in particular, the clinical governance program on the collaboration of community and patients in making decisions based on their health related issues. This study is valuable for public libraries particularly in terms of developing a policy for offering health information services. It illustrates the inclinations, and needs of the libraries' members, and shows the channels and types of resources being used.

Background and Aim: Creating personal information collections will bring the management needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the use level of personal information management and each of its four activities by Faculty members of Allied Medical Sciences Schools in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Medical Sciences Universities in 2014 year. Materials and Method: This applied study was an analytical survey. The participants of the study were Faculty members of Allied Medical Sciences Schools in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Medical Sciences Universities. All participants (120) were studied. PIM was surveyed by using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. In order to determine the significant differences, analytical statistics were applied. The validity was confirmed by the number of professors feedback and reliability calculated by the Cronbach's alpha 0.91. Results: Storage with average of 73.59% and organization with average of 62.11% were at "good" level. Maintenance with an average of 54.4% and refind with an average of 59.93% were at "medial" level. "Personal information management" with an average of 62.51% was at "good" level. According to the research hypotheses test, the use of personal information management and each of its elements by members of the community in terms of university, academic rank and gender were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Usage level of personal information management by faculty members is far from ideal situation. The main reasons can be included not having enough time, working pressure and lack of sufficient acquaintance with the activities required to personal information management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Information transfer based on real needs of the patients is an important part of the medical services. This study aimed to determine the effect of patient-doctor communication on information seeking behaviors of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 362 diabetic patients receiving care in governmental medical centers supervised by Deputy of Health in Isfahan province- Iran who were selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The data gathering tool was the Lango questionnaire which was localized for Iranian society by researchers in 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Ethical Considerations: Patients' verbal consent was obtained and they were also assured about confidentiality of the information. Findings: There was a significant difference between information seeking behavior of people who depend on their physicians for gaining information and those who do not in the terms of information retrieval (P=0.003). There was also a significant relationship between consulting the physician and three of the four dimensions of information seeking behavior of diabetic patients and also between transfer of medical information to the patient and dimension of information sources in patient information seeking behavior (P<0.05). Investigating the relationship between satisfaction about transfer of medical information and information seeking behavior indicated that the only significant difference between satisfied and dissatisfied patients is in the component of gaining information from traditional media (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicates on the effect of patient-doctor communication on information seeking behavior of patients. It is recommended physician provides information to the patient that requires identifying the information needs of patients and considering their health information seeking behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

مقدمه: پرستاران در حرفه‌ی خود نیازمند کسب اطلاعات در سطح وسیعی می‌باشند، چرا که در بسیاری از مواقع تصميم آنان براي بيمار نقش حياتي دارد. وجود اطلاعات كافي و روزآمد مي‌تواند تصميم‌گيري را براي پرستاران آسان‌تر سازد. هدف مطالعه‌ی حاضر تعيين رفتار اطلاع‌يابي پرستاران شاغل در بيمارستان‌هاي آموزشي شهر يزد بود. بنابراین این مطالعه درصدد پاسخگویی به اين مسأله بود که پرستاران اطلاعات مورد نیاز خود را از چه منابع يا کانال‌هاي اطلاعاتي بدست می‌آورند و چه موانعي آنها را از جستجوي مدارک و شواهد معتبر باز مي‌دارد. روش بررسی: جامعه‌ی پژوهش در اين مطالعه‌ی توصيفي- تحليلي 320 پرستار شاغل در بيمارستان‌هاي آموزشي شهر يزد در سال 1390 شمسی با حداقل يك سال سابقه‌ی كار بود كه به وسیله‌ی نمونه‌گیری آسان انتخاب شد. جهت گردآوري داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته که روایی و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 78/0 مورد تایید قرار گرفت، استفاده شد که در آن نوع منابع مورد استفاده جهت جستجوی اطلاعات، هدف از جستجوی اطلاعات، موانع و مشكلات بازيابي اطلاعات و نيازهاي اطلاعاتي پرستاران مورد سوال قرار گرفت. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS نسخه‌ی 17، آمار توصیفی برای توصیف داده‌ها و از آزمون آماری Chi-squire جهت بررسی یکنواختی گویه‌ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشتر پرستاران دارای مدرک لیسانس و سابقه کاری 29/7±81/9 و اکثر آنها زن بودند. آگاهی از پیشرفت‌های جدید در حوزه‌ی پرستاری مهمترین نیاز اطلاعاتی بیشتر پرستاران بود. بیشترين منبع مورد استفاده‌ی آنها اینترنت (موتورهای جستجوی عمومی) و هدف اکثر آنها روزآمدن کردن اطلاعات بود. 8/74% از پرستاران کمبود وقت را مهمترین مانع براي جستجوی اطلاعات ذکر نمودند. نتیجه‌گیری: پرستاران به‌خوبی به اهمیت روزآمد بودن اطلاعات در شغل‌شان که با بیمار پیوند خورده است آگاهند. اما دستیابی به اطلاعات جدید و روزآمد در حوزه پرستاری نیازمند آموزش وکسب مهارت‌هاي خاصي است. با توجه به يافته‌هاي حاصل از پژوهش حاضر پيشنهاد مي‌شود که مسؤولين بيمارستان‌ها بازه‌ی زماني مشخصي را براي فعاليت‌هاي آموزشي و پژوهشي پرستاران در نظر بگیرند. واژه‌های کلیدی: پرستار؛ اطلاعات؛ رفتار اطلاع‌یابی؛ بیمارستان‌ها

Objective: This study tends to indicate main factors affect user's mental models in Information seeking behavior.Methodology: Searching related keywords in International Databases and search engines, 27 articles in information seeking area were selected. These articles were evaluated and analyses deeply to answer the main questions developedFindings: The result demonstrated that various factors affect user's mental model construction. These factors can divide into two groups; Individual differences and environmental factors. In addition, mental models can effect on novice users in information seeking process in complex situations. Furthermore, Analyzing articles showed that Interviewing, Observing, Drawing, Thinking aloud and RGT are the most common techniques for distinguishing user's mental models.Value/Originality: The results of this research can help us to know more about cognitive factors effect on information seeking behavior and apply them in information retrieval systems.

Purpose: to investigate effectiveness of information counseling on informational seeking behavior in finding research resources in public libraries of Fould Shar in Isfahan province. Method: this is an experimental research that compares the results of pre-test and post test of experiment and control group after information counseling. The population was the members of Fouldshar Shahid Tavakoli library. 36 members were randomly selected and put them in two groups. 5 sessions of 90 minutes were held for experiment group. Researcher designed questionnaire was used for data gathering . Data were analyzed using independent t test with SPSS software. Findings: results indicated that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of students’ scores regarding the pre and post test between two experimental and control group. information counseling courses had three positive effects on library users such as accessibility to research resources, improving users’ information seeking behaviors and leaving positive effect on users ‘attitudes. Originality/Value: The present research indicated the importance and effect of information counseling courses seeking behavior.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the information seeking behavior in web for higher education students of Razi University (Kermanshah). Methodology: In the quantitative and qualitative parts of the research, survey methodology and Grounded Theory were followed, respectively. In the first part, data analysis was performed using SPSS 11 for the survey, while in the qualitative phase it was conducted by Grounded Theory as proposed by Meho and Tibbo pattern. Findings: Concerning the familiarity of university students with searching methods and tools as well as types of web resources, and information seeking behavior of students of different fields at levels of information search, retrieval, and processing, the present study obtained significant results. Also, data resulted from Lown test showed that the level of information seeking behavior among engineering students is high, whereas it is low among students of agriculture and human sciences departments. In the qualitative part, the results indicate that appropriate information seeking for students comprises eight steps: the three steps of starting, pursuing, and reviewing are at search level; the two steps of filtering and updating are at retrieval level; and the three steps of information filing, archiving, and organizing are at processing level. Originality/Value: Based upon studies of this kind, it is possible to predict the information needs of users and facilitate the main ways through which the users access the information resources, and also to help the users to gain their necessary information with less time loss and higher efficiency.

While many professional literature have talked at length about the importance of dealing with information literacy in school libraries in ICT dominated era, but few have dealt with the nature and mode of implementation nor offered a road map. The strategy emphasized in this paper is to hold information literacy sessions through effective workshops. While explaining the reasons behind such workshops being essential in enhancing information literacy skills, the most important principles and stages for setting up of such workshops are offered in a step-by-step manner.

The main purpose of this study is to review the behavior of information seeking among the full-time professors of Islamic Azad Universities of Region 2, with an emphasis on the specific aspects. The statistical population consisted of 3037 people, from among whom 150 people were randomly selected, and by using a questionnaire, the necessary data were collected and analyzed based on inferential statistics. The results of the survey analysis showed the following points: Most of the time, the full-time academic staff members of Region 2 Islamic Azad Universities refer to the relevant library in person. A few of them use internet to obtain information. Books have a special place among the resources used by them.

Graphic User interface serves as a bridge between man and databases. Its primary purpose is to assist uses by establishing interaction with computer systems. Database user interface designers have seldom focused on the impact of user information seeking behaviors on the database user interface structures. Therefore, it is crucial to incorporate the user information seeking behavior within database software design as well as analyzing their impact on upgrade and optimization of user interface environment. The present study intends to determine the degree of correspondence of database interface with information seeking behavioral components of Ellis’ model. The component studied starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring and extracting. Investigators employed direct observation method, using a checklist, in order to see how much the database interfaces support these components. Results indicated that the information seeking behavior components outlined by Ellis Model are not fully considered in database user interface design. Some of the components such as starting, chaining and differentiation were to some extent supported by some of database user interfaces studied. However elements such as browsing, monitoring and extracting have not been incorporated within the user interface structures of these databases. On the whole, the degree of correspondence and correlation of database user interfaces with Ellis information seeking components is about average. Therefore incorporating these elements in design and evaluation of user interface environment could have high impact on better optimization of database interface environment and consequently the very process of search and retrieval.

Information seeking behavior and its various aspects had been the focus of attention by many researchers around the world. It has been tried and tested in many disciplines. Furthermore, its correlation with many variables such as gender, discipline, occupation, individual knowledge, personality, experience as well as specialization has been measured and had furnished useful results. The present investigation has tested and analyzed the correlation between information seeking behavior and prior knowledge among students enrolled in University of Tehran Graduate Program at both Masters and PhD level. Findings indicate that there exists a positive significance between these two variables. There had been, however, a negative correlation between time as a barrier with affirmation of prior knowledge. The findings are compatible with some prior investigations while incompatible with other s .

Research within Library and Information Sciences bespeaks of the significant tendency of (expert and non-expert) users towards informal information sources. Nevertheless, it seems that the literature have not dealt adequately with causes and factors affecting such tendency. The present paper provides a retrospect on some of the researches conducted with respect to the typology of information resources used by searchers. It further attempts to enunciate the most important reasons for users preference toward informal information sources. The author maintains that the very social nature of man, the principle of least effort, human sense of credulity, economic considerations as well as information overloads are among the most important reasons for using informal resources. Author maintains that the increasing tendency of users towards informal sources would in not too distant future result in user apathy towards such traditional information sources as book and library.

The present study attempts to investigate the nature of information seeking behavior in the sample population of 158 graduate students and examine the role of personality factors in their information seeking behavior. Two questionnaires were used. Pearson correlation analysis and multi-valued regression analysis were employed in analyzing the data. Findings indicate that there is a positive significance between students’ extroversion and relevance judgment, positing of new ideas, time as a motivating factor, and effort to seek out information. A similar indication was observed between interpolation of experience and time slated for searching for information. Generally it could be deduced that there is a significant relationship between personality features and information seeking behavior of graduate students.